Compilation failed due to following error s pascal

error messages

Contents

Errors during compilation

Unless the error identifies itself as an internal compiler error, it is unlikely that the error is caused by a bug in the compiler or its runtime library. Syntax errors are almost always due to incorrect code. Refer to the FPC Parser Messages documentation for a listing of the various Error and Warning messages produced by the FPC Parser along with explanations of them.

If you encounter an error while compiling your code and are unable to resolve it yourself, please use the FPC and Lazarus Forums, write to the Lazarus or Free Pascal mailing list or join the #fpc or #lazarus-ide IRC channel. The problem may then be solved more quickly.

If an error is encountered during compilation, the compiler does not generate an executable program. See further compile time errors.

Errors during program execution

The Free Pascal Compiler inserts code to detect a large number of error situations which might occur during program execution (eg divide by zero). If such an error situation occurs, the standard run-time library will terminate the program and print a runtime error number and the address at which the error occurred. See further runtime errors.

If you encounter a runtime error while running your program and are unable to resolve it yourself, please use the FPC and Lazarus Forums, write to the Lazarus or Free Pascal mailing list or join the #fpc or #lazarus-ide IRC channel.

If the bug is already known

Use the FPC and Lazarus Bug Tracker’s search capabilities.

Known issues. Tip: If you are experiencing problems, for example with TEdit.SelStart -> try searching «SelStart» (in quotes). If the bug is known:

• reopen if the issue is resolved or the issue is closed — use the Reopen Issue button.
• add your own note to the discussion if you received this error in another situation.

To observe any changes to your bug report — use the Monitor Issue button.

Note: You need to login to your account: Login/Create an account.

If the bug is not already known

1. Go to the FPC and Lazarus Bug Tracker.
2. You must be logged in: Login/Create account.
3. Visit Report Issue. Fill in as many fields as possible. The more accurate the better.

• The OS and Product Version fields are especially important. If the data is not enough, they will not help you! Don’t forget to mention the system features (big endian or 64-bit).
• It is often helpful to send in a small test program to resolve the problem as soon as possible.
• If you find graphic artifacts, it would not be superfluous to send a screenshot (in png or jpeg, but not in BMP!).
• If it fails, try creating a backtrace. More information — Creating a Backtrace with GDB.
• If possible, observe the behaviour of the buggy program on different platforms or with different widgetsets.

It is also possible to get a bug fixed by paying for a solution, see Bounties.

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Ошибки компиляции

Основные ошибки

IO-error -2 at

В ОС LINUX вы можете получить это сообщение при старте компилятора. Обычно оно означает, что компилятор не нашёл файл определений ошибок. Вы можете исправить это недоразумение с помощью параметра -Fr (см. раздел 5.1.3) для LINUX.

Error : File not found : xxx or Error: couldn’t compile unit xxx

Это сообщение обычно появляется, когда путь к вашему модулю неправильно установлен. Помните, что компилятор ищет модули только в текущей директории и в директории, где находится сам компилятор. Если вы хотите, чтобы поиск выполнялся также в других местах, то вы должны явно указать эти места компилятору с помощью параметра -Fu (см. раздел 5.1.3). Или потребуется настроить конфигурационный файл.

Ошибки, которые могут встретиться в DOS

No space in environment

Эта ошибка может появиться, если вы вызываете файл SET_PP.BAT из AUTOEXEC.BAT. Для решения этой проблемы вы должны увеличить расширенную память для среды окружения. Чтобы это сделать, найдите в файле CONFIG.SYS строку, подобную этой: и измените её следующим образом Если этот параметр уже установлен, то вы можете только увеличить это значение.

Coprocessor missing

Если компилятор выдаёт сообщение об отсутствии сопроцессора, установите режим эмуляции сопроцессора.

Not enough DPMI memory

Если вы хотите использовать компилятор с DPMI, вы должны иметь не менее 7-8 MB свободной памяти DPMI, но 16 Mb являются более предпочтительным объёмом.

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Free pascal compilation error

NGX » 10.04.2010 20:51:32

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

Vadim » 11.04.2010 04:32:22

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

NGX » 11.04.2010 16:30:13

First compilation of c:documents and settingsngxРабочий стол1f.pas
Fatal: Compilation aborted

Recompiling because of E:. pascalggggg1.pas
Fatal: Compilation aborted

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

Vadim » 11.04.2010 16:52:21

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

NGX » 11.04.2010 17:00:42

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

serg_iv » 11.04.2010 17:47:27

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

Sergei I. Gorelkin » 11.04.2010 18:21:16

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

NGX » 11.04.2010 18:33:52

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

Padre_Mortius » 11.04.2010 21:41:06

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

NGX » 11.04.2010 23:06:18

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

Максим » 12.04.2010 00:47:40

Видимо, вы столкнулись с этой ошибкой.

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

NGX » 14.04.2010 21:29:02

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

Максим » 15.04.2010 00:33:58

А что не получается-то?

Её надо распаковать, записать в каталог bini386-win32 файл fpc.cfg (можно взять от стабильной версии, исправив в нём пути), прописать к ней путь в переменной PATH.

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

informat » 28.10.2010 06:44:25

Максим писал(а): Видимо, вы столкнулись с этой ошибкой.

Кажется там забыли про файл cygwin1.dll

Re: Fatal:Compilation aborted.

vada » 07.09.2011 13:41:13

Таже фигня. Если «Собрать» или «Запустить» получаю ошибку. Если «Собрать все» потом «Запустить» ошибки не получаю.

Free Pascal Compiler version 2.4.2 [2011/03/08] for i386
Copyright (c) 1993-2010 by Florian Klaempfl
d:Lazarusfpc2.4.2bini386-win32ppc386.exe

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Free pascal compilation error

Applications generated by Free Pascal might generate run-time errors when certain abnormal conditions are detected in the application. This appendix lists the possible run-time errors and gives information on why they might be produced. 1 Invalid function number An invalid operating system call was attempted. 2 File not found Reported when trying to erase, rename or open a non-existent file. 3 Path not found Reported by the directory handling routines when a path does not exist or is invalid. Also reported when trying to access a non-existent file. 4 Too many open files The maximum number of files currently opened by your process has been reached. Certain operating systems limit the number of files which can be opened concurrently, and this error can occur when this limit has been reached. 5 File access denied Permission to access the file is denied. This error might be caused by one of several reasons:

• Trying to open for writing a file which is read-only, or which is actually a directory.
• File is currently locked or used by another process.
• Trying to create a new file, or directory while a file or directory of the same name already exists.
• Trying to read from a file which was opened in write-only mode.
• Trying to write from a file which was opened in read-only mode.
• Trying to remove a directory or file while it is not possible.
• No permission to access the file or directory.

6 Invalid file handle If this happens, the file variable you are using is trashed; it indicates that your memory is corrupted. 12 Invalid file access code Reported when a reset or rewrite is called with an invalid FileMode value. 15 Invalid drive number The number given to the Getdir or ChDir function specifies a non-existent disk. 16 Cannot remove current directory Reported when trying to remove the currently active directory. 17 Cannot rename across drives You cannot rename a file such that it would end up on another disk or partition. 100 Disk read error An error occurred when reading from disk. Typically happens when you try to read past the end of a file. 101 Disk write error Reported when the disk is full, and you’re trying to write to it. 102 File not assigned This is reported by Reset , Rewrite , Append , Rename and Erase , if you call them with an unassigned file as a parameter. 103 File not open Reported by the following functions : Close, Read, Write, Seek, EOf, FilePos, FileSize, Flush, BlockRead, and BlockWrite if the file is not open. 104 File not open for input Reported by Read, BlockRead, Eof, Eoln, SeekEof or SeekEoln if the file is not opened with Reset . 105 File not open for output Reported by write if a text file isn’t opened with Rewrite . 106 Invalid numeric format Reported when a non-numeric value is read from a text file, and a numeric value was expected. 107 Invalid enumeration Reported when a text representation of an enumerated constant cannot be created in a call to str or write(ln). 150 Disk is write-protected (Critical error) 151 Bad drive request struct length (Critical error) 152 Drive not ready (Critical error) 154 CRC error in data (Critical error) 156 Disk seek error (Critical error) 157 Unknown media type (Critical error) 158 Sector Not Found (Critical error) 159 Printer out of paper (Critical error) 160 Device write fault (Critical error) 161 Device read fault (Critical error) 162 Hardware failure (Critical error) 200 Division by zero The application attempted to divide a number by zero. 201 Range check error If you compiled your program with range checking on, then you can get this error in the following cases: 1. An array was accessed with an index outside its declared range. 2. Trying to assign a value to a variable outside its range (for instance an enumerated type). 202 Stack overflow error The stack has grown beyond its maximum size (in which case the size of local variables should be reduced to avoid this error), or the stack has become corrupt. This error is only reported when stack checking is enabled. 203 Heap overflow error The heap has grown beyond its boundaries. This is caused when trying to allocate memory explicitly with New , GetMem or ReallocMem , or when a class or object instance is created and no memory is left. Please note that, by default, Free Pascal provides a growing heap, i.e. the heap will try to allocate more memory if needed. However, if the heap has reached the maximum size allowed by the operating system or hardware, then you will get this error. 204 Invalid pointer operation You will get this in several cases:

• if you call Dispose or Freemem with an invalid pointer
• in case New or GetMem is called, and there is no more memory available. The behavior in this case depends on the setting of ReturnNilIfGrowHeapFails . If it is True , then Nil is returned. if False , then runerror 204 is raised.

205 Floating point overflow You are trying to use or produce real numbers that are too large. 206 Floating point underflow You are trying to use or produce real numbers that are too small. 207 Invalid floating point operation Can occur if you try to calculate the square root or logarithm of a negative number. 210 Object not initialized When compiled with range checking on, a program will report this error if you call a virtual method without having called its object’s constructor. 211 Call to abstract method Your program tried to execute an abstract virtual method. Abstract methods should be overridden, and the overriding method should be called. 212 Stream registration error This occurs when an invalid type is registered in the objects unit. 213 Collection index out of range You are trying to access a collection item with an invalid index ( objects unit). 214 Collection overflow error The collection has reached its maximal size, and you are trying to add another element ( objects unit). 215 Arithmetic overflow error This error is reported when the result of an arithmetic operation is outside of its supported range. Contrary to Turbo Pascal, this error is only reported for 32-bit or 64-bit arithmetic overflows. This is due to the fact that everything is converted to 32-bit or 64-bit before doing the actual arithmetic operation. 216 General Protection fault The application tried to access invalid memory space. This can be caused by several problems: 1. Dereferencing a nil pointer. 2. Trying to access memory which is out of bounds (for example, calling move with an invalid length). 217 Unhandled exception occurred An exception occurred, and there was no exception handler present. The sysutils unit installs a default exception handler which catches all exceptions and exits gracefully. 218 Invalid value specified Error 218 occurs when an invalid value was specified to a system call, for instance when specifying a negative value to a seek() call. 219 Invalid typecast

Thrown when an invalid typecast is attempted on a class using the as operator. This error is also thrown when an object or class is typecast to an invalid class or object and a virtual method of that class or object is called. This last error is only detected if the -CR compiler option is used. 222 Variant dispatch error No dispatch method to call from variant. 223 Variant array create The variant array creation failed. Usually when there is not enough memory. 224 Variant is not an array This error occurs when a variant array operation is attempted on a variant which is not an array. 225 Var Array Bounds check error This error occurs when a variant array index is out of bounds. 227 Assertion failed error An assertion failed, and no AssertErrorProc procedural variable was installed. 229 Safecall error check This error occurs is a safecall check fails, and no handler routine is available. 231 Exception stack corrupted This error occurs when the exception object is retrieved and none is available. 232 Threads not supported Thread management relies on a separate driver on some operating systems (notably, Unixes). The unit with this driver needs to be specified on the uses clause of the program, preferably as the first unit ( cthreads on unix).

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Mac Installation FAQ

This article applies to macOS only.

This page lists solutions to the most frequent problems that may arise during (and after) installation of Lazarus and Free Pascal on macOS. Please read Installing Lazarus on macOS first and pay special attention to the sections that apply to your versions of macOS, Xcode, Lazarus and Free Pascal.

Contents

Lazarus doesn’t run project

After moving to macOS or after upgrading to a new version of macOS Lazarus is unable to compile and run a project.

Solution: Most likely, this behaviour results from missing command line tools. In newer versions of Xcode they are no longer installed by default. You can install them by running

from the terminal. See also Installing Lazarus on macOS for more details.

Compilation aborts with weird messages

I have correctly installed Lazarus and FPC, but compiling a simple demo program stops with the Free Pascal exit code 256 and the message «Lazarus Panic /bin/sh: clang: command not found».

Solution: This behaviour may arise from a too old Xcode version installed. Generally, you should use the newest Xcode version that is available for your operating system. Lazarus 1.6 requires, e.g., Xcode 3.2.6, or newer. With Xcode 4.3 or newer, you should also install the Xcode command line tools as described above or in the article Installing Lazarus on macOS.

ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture i386

I am trying to compile a blank project on Catalina immediately after installing FPC and Lazarus but I get this error «ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture i386».

Solution: Go to Lazarus > Tools > Options, if your compiler is set to ppc386 (32 bit), then change it to ppcx64 (64 bit) or fpc (a wrapper that should choose the correct compiler). There is no 32 bit support in Catalina. In later versions of Lazarus, the Lazarus > Tools > Options menu has been moved to the Lazarus > Preferences menu

Debugger not found

I have installed the latest version of Lazarus on a new Mac. My program is built fine, but when I try to run it I get a message that the debugger /usr/bin/gdb doesn’t exist or isn’t runnable.

Solution: Since version 5, Xcode does not include the GDB debugger but the LLDB debugger. For recent versions of macOS, go to the Tools > Options | Debugger menu and choose «LLDB debugger (with fpDebug) (Beta)» and set the executable to /usr/bin/lldb. In later versions of Lazarus, the Tools > Options menu has been moved to the Lazarus > Preferences menu

Solution (legacy): Xcode v5 no longer includes the GDB debugger. See GDB on OS X Mavericks or newer and Xcode 5 or newer for possible solutions unless you are running a recent version of macOS (in which case, see above).

Form not shown after moving to Mac

My application works well on Windows and Linux, but after changing to Mac my forms are invisible. I tried to re-scan the FPC source directory, and I clicked «Create Bundle», but this didn’t solve the problem. Unlike my app, a very simple demo application works well.

Solution: This may result from a wrong position setting of your form(s). Your Windows machine may have a multi-monitor setup, so that the forms are outside the visible area of a single-monitor environment, i.e. if your Mac has only one monitor. You should check and correct the top and left properties of your forms in the object inspector. (Of course, this also applies in the other direction, i.e. if you have a multi-monitor Mac and a single-monitor Windows or Linux machine).

Form not responding to mouse clicks

After starting the program the form is visible, but not responding to interaction via the user interface.

Solution: Programs for macOS-based systems are more complex than programs for Windows or Linux. They require the existence of an application bundle, a special opaque directory structure, which determines the modalities of interaction with the operating system and the GUI. You may create an application bundle in the project settings or alternatively via shell commands. Make sure that the option Use Application Bundle for running and debugging (for Darwin) is checked.

fpcsrc not present

After installing and first running Lazarus, the welcome window complains that the directory «/usr/local/share/fpcsrc» is not found.

Solution: You have to install fpcsrc. This is a Lazarus-specific installer package that comes with your distribution of Lazarus. If you have downloaded Lazarus from SourceForge you find fpcsrc in the same server directory as the Lazarus package.

Multiple error messages after upgrading Lazarus and/or FPC

After upgrading Lazarus and/or Free Pascal to a new major version, trying to compile my code results in multiple error messages.

Solution: This behaviour may have multiple reasons. After every major upgrade you should rescan the FPC source directory. If this doesn’t help it may be useful to delete the file fpcdefines.xml (it is within the

/.lazarus folder). Additionally, you should check your code for incompatibilities that may result from changes in the compiler (although this is quite rare with code that is not too unusual). See Category:FPC User Changes by release for intentional changes to the compiler that may break existing code.

Unit XY not found

I have freshly installed a new version of Lazarus on my machine. Trying to compile an application results in the error message «Error: unit not found: XY». (XY is a place holder for any unit name.)

Solution: Try to re-scan your FPC source directory via the Lazarus IDE Tools. menu.

Fatal: Cannot find [. ] used by [. ], incompatible ppu=[filename], package [package name]

When the compiler gives the message «Cannot find A used by B», Lazarus checks what pas/pp/ppu files are in the search path, and if there is a ppu file it inserts «incompatible ppu=filename, package».

Explanation: FPC cannot use this ppu for one of these reasons:

• it was compiled with another FPC version;
• it was compiled with (depends on) some other ppu files that are not in the search path;
• you misconfigured some search path(s).

Solutions: (1) Check that you have the current Xcode (optional — see here) and Xcode command line tools package (mandatory) installed; (2) Lazarus > Menu > Tools > Configure Build Lazarus — Find and check «Clean all» and then Build. If that doesn’t work, I’d be tempted to delete both FPC + Lazarus and start again. See Uninstalling Lazarus and Free Pascal.

Error: User defined: only cpu i386 is supported

When compiling Lazarus on macOS I receive this error: carbonbars.pp(16,2) Error: User defined: only cpu i386 is supported

Error: ld: framework not found Cocoa

When compiling Lazarus on macOS I receive this error: Error: ld: framework not found Cocoa

Solution: You forgot to install the Xcode command line tools or they’ve since been deleted. See Installing Xcode Command Line Tools to resolve. You may also need to either:

(1) re-install FPC after installing the Xcode command line tools; or

(2) tweak the /private/etc/fpc.cfg file, after installing the Xcode command line tools, by adding:

so that the compiler can find the macOS frameworks.

Error ppc1 not found

When compiling the Free Pascal Compiler on macOS I receive this error:

Solution: GNU Make does not handle directory names with spaces in them. Rename «fpc trunk» to «fpc_trunk» or similar and it should work without this error.

Error: library (X11 or Truetype) not found

If you are compiling X11 applications (typically using fpGui) FPC needs to know where to find the libX11.dylib and libfreetype.dylib libraries. If FPC cannot find these libraries, you will receive a library not found error during linking.

Solution: Depending on your version of macOS or XQuartz these may be found in /usr/X11/lib or /opt/X11/lib with a symlink from /usr. The best solution to this is probably to edit /etc/fpc.cfg and add the line -Fu/usr/X11/lib

Application does not accept keyboard input

After compiling my application, I cannot enter anything in the edit boxes and the application will not accept any keyboard input.

Solution: You forgot to create an application bundle. Lazarus > Project > Project Options > Application — Create Application Bundle.

Warning arm64 function not 4-byte aligned

When compiling on an Apple Silicon M1 processor, I get a «warning arm64 function not 4-byte aligned» for every function.

Solution: That’s probably a consequence of using -Os. That setting unconditionally sets procalign (jump align) to 1. That’s definitely wrong for AArch64 and a bunch of other architectures. There is no «minimum required alignment» for these settings defined yet anywhere in the compiler, so that will need to be added. In the meantime, do not use -Os to optimize size.

Resource compiler «fpcres» not found

When compiling an application after installing or compiling a new Lazarus version, it fails with the error «Error (9021) Resource compiler «fpcres» not found, switching to external mode«

Solution: Create a file called .fpc.cfg (note the leading dot in the filename) in your home directory and add the lines:

If the file already exists it should contain the first of the lines above, so just add the second line.

ld: file not found: /usr/lib/crt1.10.5.o

When compiling FPC from source, linking fails with «ld: file not found: /usr/lib/crt1.10.5.o»

Solution: Add «OPT=»-XR/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk» to your make command line — the reason is that when compiling the FPC source, the fpc.cfg file, which contains this option, is not used.

ld: library not found for -lc

When compiling FPC from source, I get this «ld: library not found for -lc, An error occurred while linking «

Explanation: The compiler cannot find the operating system SDK frameworks.

• If you have not installed the command line tools, you need to do so. Note that when you upgrade the operating system, the command line tools are deleted during the upgrade process.

• If you have installed the command line tools, then you need to tell the compiler where to find the SDK frameworks by adding:

OPT=»-XR/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX.sdk/» to your make command line. Note that older versions of the command line tools (eg those for Mountain Lion 10.8.5) did not also install the SDK frameworks in which case you will need to install the latest version of the full Xcode package for your operating system and, for example, adding: OPT=»-XR/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.8.sdk/» to your make command line.

codesign error when compiling FPC from source

When compiling FPC on older versions of macOS, I receive this error:

Explanation: Older versions of the macOS codesign command line utility do not have a —remove-signature option.

Solution: You can provide a custom codesign command via the CODESIGN=xxx make parameter to your make command line. You could use CODESIGN=/usr/bin/true to work around it.

Error: Internal error 200609171

When compiling my Objective-Pascal delegate function(s)/procdeure(s) the compiler stops with this error: «Error: Internal error 200609171».

Explanation: The internal error comes from using the DWARFv3 (-gw3) information format for debugging. There is a bug in the Free Pascal Compiler up to and including 3.2.2 related to generating debug information for Objective-Pascal with that format.

Solution: Switch to using the DWARFv2 (-gw) debugging information format OR use FPC main (development version 3.3.1).

Lazarus reports success, but there are errors!

I compiled my application and although Lazarus says my application compiled successfully, there are a bunch of errors shown. For example —

Explanation: These are actually harmless warnings from the assembler, but for some reason Lazarus shows them as errors. Just ignore them.

GUI application menu inaccessible

My GUI application menu is not accessible

Solution: All macOS GUI applications must be wrapped in an Application Bundle.

Other questions

I didn’t find my issue here.

Solution: You might find a possible solution at the Lazarus and Free Pascal Forum. Otherwise, you might ask your question there.

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Compilation failed due to following error перевод

I got below errors while run the code. any ideawhat are these errors?
I use c++14.

Below are the errors:

Compilation failed due to following error(s).In file included from /usr/include/c++/6/memory:81:0,
from main.cpp:3:
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/unique_ptr.h: In instantiation of ‘typename std::_MakeUniq ::__single_object std::make_unique(_Args&& . ) [with _Tp = Rectangle; _Args = ; typename std::_MakeUniq ::__single_object = std::unique_ptr >]’:
main.cpp:60:74 : required from here
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/unique_ptr.h:795:30: error: invalid new-expression of abstract class type ‘Rectangle’
< return unique_ptr (new _Tp(std::forward (__args). )); >
^

main.cpp:24:7: note: because the following virtual functions are pure within ‘Rectangle’:
class Rectangle: public Shape
^

main.cpp:21:20: note: virtual double Shape::getarea() const
virtual double getarea() const = 0;
^

In file included from /usr/include/c++/6/memory:81:0,
from main.cpp:3:
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/unique_ptr.h: In instantiation of ‘typename std::_MakeUniq ::__single_object std::make_unique(_Args&& . ) [with _Tp = Triangle; _Args = ; typename std::_MakeUniq ::__single_object = std::unique_ptr main.cpp:61:73 : required from here
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/unique_ptr.h:795:30: error: invalid new-expression of abstract class type ‘Triangle’
< return unique_ptr (new _Tp(std::forward (__args). )); >
^

main.cpp:33:7: note: because the following virtual functions are pure within ‘Triangle’:
class Triangle: public Shape
^

main.cpp:21:20: note: virtual double Shape::getarea() const
virtual double getarea() const = 0;
^

In file included from /usr/include/c++/6/memory:81:0,
from main.cpp:3:
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/unique_ptr.h: In instantiation of ‘typename std::_MakeUniq ::__single_object std::make_unique(_Args&& . ) [with _Tp = Circle; _Args = ; typename std::_MakeUniq ::__single_object = std::unique_ptr >]’:
main.cpp:62:60 : required from here
/usr/include/c++/6/bits/unique_ptr.h:795:30: error: invalid new-expression of abstract class type ‘Circle’
< return unique_ptr (new _Tp(std::forward (__args). )); >
^

main.cpp:42:7: note: because the following virtual functions are pure within ‘Circle’:
class Circle : public Shape
^

main.cpp:21:20: note: virtual double Shape::getarea() const
virtual double getarea() const = 0;
^

Note you should be getting several warnings that give you valuable hints as to what is wrong, never ignore warnings.

The first thing I would recommend is that you comment out the code in main after your «cin» statement and just create one instance of one of your classes. For example «Rectangle test(rectHeight, rectWidth);» , get that one line to compile correctly before you try to complicate things with the vector and the unique_ptr.

With just that one instance here are the messages I get:

||=== Build: Debug in c++homework (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler) ===|
/main.cpp|10|warning: ‘class Shape’ has virtual functions and accessible non-virtual destructor [-Wnon-virtual-dtor]|
/main.cpp|24|warning: base class ‘class Shape’ has accessible non-virtual destructor [-Wnon-virtual-dtor]|
/main.cpp|24|warning: ‘class Rectangle’ has virtual functions and accessible non-virtual destructor [-Wnon-virtual-dtor]|
/main.cpp|33|warning: base class ‘class Shape’ has accessible non-virtual destructor [-Wnon-virtual-dtor]|
/main.cpp|33|warning: ‘class Triangle’ has virtual functions and accessible non-virtual destructor [-Wnon-virtual-dtor]|
/main.cpp|42|warning: base class ‘class Shape’ has accessible non-virtual destructor [-Wnon-virtual-dtor]|
/main.cpp|42|warning: ‘class Circle’ has virtual functions and accessible non-virtual destructor [-Wnon-virtual-dtor]|
/main.cpp||In function ‘int main()’:|
/main.cpp|58|error: no matching function for call to ‘Rectangle::Rectangle(int&, int&)’|
/main.cpp|24|note: candidate: ‘Rectangle::Rectangle()’|
/main.cpp|24|note: candidate expects 0 arguments, 2 provided|
/main.cpp|24|note: candidate: ‘Rectangle::Rectangle(const Rectangle&)’|
/main.cpp|24|note: candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided|
/main.cpp|24|note: candidate: ‘Rectangle::Rectangle(Rectangle&&)’|
/main.cpp|24|note: candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided|
/main.cpp|58|error: cannot declare variable ‘test’ to be of abstract type ‘Rectangle’|
/main.cpp|24|note: because the following virtual functions are pure within ‘Rectangle’:|
/main.cpp|21|note: ‘virtual double Shape::getarea() const’|
||=== Build failed: 2 error(s), 7 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 1 second(s)) ===|

Fixing those warnings is very important. You also seem to need several constructor and destructors.

If I comment below lines, I can see the below error. Can you provide some inputs here?

//std::vector > shapes;
//shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique (rectHeight, rectWidth));
//shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique (triaHeight, triaWidth));
//shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique (circRadius));

Below is the error.

main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
main.cpp:66:43: error: ‘shapes’ was not declared in this scope
const int totalArea = std::accumulate(shapes.begin(), shapes.end(), 0, [](int total, const auto& shape)

Minor: Lines 6-7 are unnecessary if you’re going to bring in the entire std namespace at line 8. Suggestion: Change line 8 to using std::string;

Line 21 is a pure virtual function making Shape an abstract class. The compiler is telling you you can’t instantiate a Rectangle because Shape is an abstract class. This is because there is no overload in Rectangle because there is no overload for line 21. Note that line 27 does not overload line 21 because of a difference in constness of the two functions.

Line 60: You’re trying to construct a Rectangle with 2 arguments. Rectangle has no such constructor.

Line 68: totalArea is an int . getArea() return a double .

I have made the below changes, please check the code. I am not sure why again those errors are seen here? please help me.

Источник

«503 Service Temporarily Unavailable»: перевод, что значит и как исправить

Всем привет! Сегодня мы рассмотрим «Ошибку 503». «Error 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable» (перевод с англ. языка – «Служба Временно Недоступна») – критическая ошибка, появляющаяся при подключении к веб-серверу, неспособному в текущий момент обработать входящий запрос по техническим причинам – из-за перерыва на обслуживание и вынужденных обновлений, инициированных вебмастером.

Несмотря на наличие точной кодировки, а порой еще и с дополнительным описанием, расшифровать выдаваемое сообщение, и сразу принять меры – сложно. Виной тому – разное наименование в зависимости от конфигурации веб-сервера, выбранной системы управления содержимым: WordPress, Joomla, DLE и т.д. В результате «Error 530» часто превращается и в «HTTP 503», и в «Http/1.1 error 503 Service Unavailable». Отсюда и появляются дополнительные сложности, вынуждающие заняться углубленной диагностикой.

«The server is temporarily unable to service your request due to maintenance downtime or capacity problems. Please try again later.»

ПЕРЕВОД: Сервер временно не может обслуживать ваш запрос из-за простоя технического обслуживания или проблем с емкостью. Пожалуйста, повторите попытку позже.

Причины появления

• Запрашиваемая веб-страница потеряла связь с базой данных из-за повышенного спроса и сильной нагрузки на сервер. Проблема временная и часто решается даже без личного вмешательства.
• Установленные плагины, расширения или компоненты на сайте несовместимы, давно не обновлялись или загружены не из официальных источников для каждой CMS (системы управления содержимым), а со сторонних сайтов, а потому небезопасны и приводят к ошибкам. Если дополнительные инструменты уже добавлены, то отключать лишние элементы придется уже на хостинге, а не через «Панель администратора».
• Добавленные на Web-страницу скрипты долго обрабатываются, из-за чего сайт сбрасывает текущее соединение с пользователем.
• «503 ошибка» – часто свидетельствует о слабой пропускной способности и низкой мощности выбранного хостинга (преимущественно бесплатного). Из-за неожиданного наплыва новых пользователей, сайт банально не справляется с нагрузкой.

Как исправить ошибку

Со стороны клиента, обращающегося к веб-ресурсу с «ошибкой 503», повлиять на ситуацию невозможно – технические неполадки связаны напрямую с сервером принимающей стороны. И восстанавливать работоспособность сайта предстоит уже администраторам или разработчикам.

Пользователям остается или периодически обновлять страницу, или проверять наличие ошибок сторонними инструментами, вроде диагностического сервиса «IsItDownRightNow». Стоит добавить ссылку в текстовое поле, нажать на кнопку «Check» и на экране появится результат – сайт недоступен, доступ ограничен или веб-страницы загружаются в штатном режиме.

Если сервис IsItDownRightNow подтвердил работоспособность, но ошибка 503 никуда не исчезла, придется экспериментировать. Начать лучше с перезагрузки роутера или маршрутизатора, а после – выбрать сторонний браузер. Вместо Google Chrome – Mozilla Firefox или Microsoft Edge.

Как действовать вебмастеру

Администраторы и разработчики повлиять на ситуацию способны в полной мере, главное – знать какие вещи исправлять и к чему стремиться:

• Желательно отказаться от тяжелых и ресурсоемких скриптов, при загрузке часто обращающихся к базе данных. Как показывает практика – перенасыщение скриптами происходит при использовании шаблонов для CMS. Стоит просмотреть информацию о содержимом шаблонов и сразу отказаться от лишних элементов. Оставить рекомендуется: инструменты кэширования и оптимизации страниц, сервисы сжатия изображений, и подготовки бэкапов по расписанию.
• При использовании ежедневной информационно-развлекательной почтовой рассылки рекомендуется сменить время для передачи сообщений с часа-пик, когда посетителей на сайте необычайно много, на ранее утро или позднюю ночь. Так сайту не придется обрабатывать случайные запросы пользователей, а затем еще и упаковывать корреспонденцию.
• О регулярных обновлениях CMS, плагинов или расширений стоит вспоминать хотя бы 2-3 раза в неделю. А вот соглашаться на фоновые апдейты в автоматическом режиме не стоит – могут возникнуть уже новые проблемы с несовместимостью или ненужными нововведениями.
• Для изображений, публикуемых на сайте, лучше загрузить дополнение, способное сжимать контент до определенного размера или в каком-то процентном соотношении без потери итогового качества.
• Если на сайте доступен чат – лучше выставить ограничение на количество «общающихся» пользователей. Если выбранный хостинг бесплатный, установлен не на SSD и плохо справляется с наплывом пользователей.

И еще – в панели администратора или уже на сайте хостинга ежедневно собирается статистика, связанная с запросами и подробностями о круглосуточной активности. Возможно, ресурс сканируют боты или парсеры (а, быть может, и конкуренты) из-за чего и появляется надпись «The Service Is Unavailable». Избежать проблем поможет защита или хотя бы консультация с технической поддержкой хостинга.

Источник

Undefined reference to main c++ [SOLVED]

As a beginner c++ developer , you probably might get error like undefined reference to `main’.

Generally this error occurs when we forgot not define main() function in program. In any c++ program main() function is necessary to start a program. So whenever you create any class then do not forgot to add main function in your project and then you can call class functions from main.

undefined reference to ‘main’ c++

Output:

Here we have just created class inside our program and not define any main function. So here we are getting error undefined reference to main c++.

SOLUTION : Undefined reference to main c++

We can resolve this error by adding main function inside program.

Also many time possible for new developer of someone coming from C# background that they define main() function inside class. So just remember that we have to define main() function as a global in C++.

undefined reference to func() c++

When we declare and function but not added it’s definition then we get undefined reference to func c++ error.

Here we will get error by compiler :

Compilation failed due to following error(s). main.cpp:(.text+0x5): undefined reference to `func()’

SOLUTION : Undefined reference to function c++

We can resolve it by adding c++ function definition.

CONCLUSION:

Make sure in c++ whenever you are getting any compilation errors like undefined reference to main c++ or undefined reference to func c++ ( here func can be any name of function.) then you have to add definition of that function inside your file. Once you have added definition of function then you will not get any undefined reference c++ error and program will be executed successfully.

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C++ Map [Learn by Example]

C++ map is part of Standard Template Library (STL). It is type of Associative container. Map in c++ is used to store unique key and it’s value in data structure. But if you want to store non-unique key value then you can use Multi Map in c++. Let us first understand in detail what is […]

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c++ expected a declaration [ SOLVED]

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Need urgent help compile issue

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <numeric>

using std::cout;
using std::unique_ptr;
using namespace std;

class Shape
{
  public:
    string name;
    double width, height, radius;
  public:
    void set_data (double a, double b)
    {
        width = a;
        height = b;
    }
    virtual double getarea() const = 0;
};

class Rectangle: public Shape
{
public:
    double getarea ()
    {
        return (width * height);
    }
};

class Triangle: public Shape
{
public:
    double getarea ()
    {
        return (width * height)/2;
    }
};

class Circle : public Shape
{
  public:
    double getarea ()
    {
        return 3.1415 * (radius * radius);
    }
};

int main() {
    
    int rectHeight = 0, rectWidth = 0;
    int triaHeight = 0, triaWidth = 0;
    int circRadius = 0;

    std::cin >> rectHeight >> rectWidth >> triaHeight >> triaWidth >> circRadius;

    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape>> shapes;
    shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Rectangle>(rectHeight, rectWidth));
    shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Triangle>(triaHeight, triaWidth));
    shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Circle>(circRadius));
    
    const int totalArea = std::accumulate(shapes.begin(), shapes.end(), 0, [](int total, const auto& shape)
            { return total + shape->getarea(); });
    std::cout << totalArea << "n";

    return 0;
}

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <numeric>

using std::string;
constexpr double pi {3.1415926535897932384626643383279502884};

struct Pos
{
    int m_x;
    int m_y;
    Pos(const int x, const int y):m_x{x}, m_y{y} {}
};

class Point {
    private: int m_x;
             int m_y;
    public: Point(const Pos& posi): m_x{posi.m_x}, m_y{posi.m_y}{}
    Point() = default;
    int get_x_coord() const {return m_x;}
    int get_y_coord() const {return m_y;}
};

class Shape
{
  protected:
  double width, height;
  Point m_posit;
  Shape(const Point& posi): m_posit{posi} {}

  public:
    void set_data (double a, double b)
    {
        width = a;
        height = b;
    }
    virtual ~Shape() = default;
    virtual double getarea() const = 0;
};


class Rectangle: public Shape
{
private:
double m_width;
double m_height;

public:
    Rectangle(const Point& posi, const double width = 1.0, const double height = 1.0);
    double getarea() const override {return m_width * m_height;}
};

class Triangle: public Shape
{
public:
    double getarea ()
    {
        return (width * height)/2;
    }
};

class Circle : public Shape
{
  protected: 
    double m_radius;
    
  public:
    Circle(const Point& center, const double radius): Shape{center}, m_radius{radius} {}
    double getarea() const override {return pi* m_radius *m_radius;}
};


std::vector<Point> get_points();
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape> get_shapes(const std::vector<Point>& points);

int main() {
    
    std::vector<Point> points{ get_points() };
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape> shapes {get_shapes(points)};
    int rectHeight = 0, rectWidth = 0;
    int triaHeight = 0, triaWidth = 0;
    int circRadius = 0;

    std::cin >> rectHeight >> rectWidth >> triaHeight >> triaWidth >> circRadius;
}

 std::vector<Point> get_points()
    {
        std::vector<Point> points
        {
            Point{Pos{0,0}}, Point{Pos{-100,-100}}, Point{Pos{300,300}}
        };
        return points;
    }
    
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape>> get_shapes(const std::vector<Point>& points)
    {
       std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape>> shapes 
       {
           std::make_unique<Rectangle>(rectHeight, rectWidth);
           std::make_unique<Triangle>(triaHeight, triaWidth);
           std::make_unique<Circle>(circRadius);
       };
       return shapes;
    }
    
    const int totalArea = std::accumulate(shapes.begin(), shapes.end(), 0, [](int total, const auto& shape)
            { return total + shape->getarea(); });
    std::cout << totalArea << "n";

    return 0;
}

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#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <numeric>
//#include <string>

class Shape {
protected:
	//std::string name;
	double width {}, height {}, radius {};

public:
	Shape(double w, double h) : width(w), height(h) {}
	Shape(double r) : radius(r) {}
	virtual ~Shape() {}

	void set_data(double a, double b) {
		width = a;
		height = b;
	}

	virtual double getarea() const = 0;
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
	Rectangle(double w, double h) : Shape(w, h) {}

	double getarea() const override { return width * height; }
};

class Triangle : public Shape {
public:
	Triangle(double w, double h) : Shape(w, h) {}

	double getarea() const override { return (width * height) / 2; }
};

class Circle : public Shape {
public:
	Circle(double r) : Shape(r) {}

	double getarea() const override { return 3.1415 * (radius * radius); }
};

int main()
{
	double rectHeight {}, rectWidth {};
	double triaHeight {}, triaWidth {};
	double circRadius {};

	std::cout << "Enter rect height, rect width, tri height, tri width, circ rad: ";

	std::cin >> rectHeight >> rectWidth >> triaHeight >> triaWidth >> circRadius;

	std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Shape>> shapes;

	shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Rectangle>(rectHeight, rectWidth));
	shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Triangle>(triaHeight, triaWidth));
	shapes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<Circle>(circRadius));

	const auto totalArea {std::accumulate(shapes.begin(), shapes.end(), 0.0, [](auto total, const auto& shape)
			{ return total + shape->getarea(); })};

	std::cout << totalArea << 'n';
}

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#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
   double x = 95.5375;
   cout << x << 'n';
   cout << round( x ) << 'n';
   cout << ceil( x ) << 'n';
   cout << (int)( x + 0.5 ) << 'n';
   cout << fixed << setprecision( 0 ) << x << 'n';
}

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