Error a2005 symbol redefinition

That’s because you have defined «product» twice: once as the name of memory location containing a BYTE, and (again, oops) as a «equate» with a specific «compile-time» value. That double definition simply isn’t allowed, but that has nothing to do with whether or how you can ask the assembler to accomplish a multiply.

The assembler can accomplish «multiply» for you two different ways:

• at assembly-time (more generally, at the time you run the assembler), but only with constant values known at assembly-time
• when your assembled program is executed, with arbitrary runtime values

In your example, you appear to be trying to do assembly-time multiplies. That will work fine if you don’t get tangled up in double-definitions. To fix your example, change it as follows:

...
main PROC
   product2 = 2*3*4*5
   mov bl, product2

   exit
main ENDP 

This should stop the double-definitions complaint. Alternatively, you could simply delete the line containing the BYTE declaration; it serves no useful purpose in this program.

However, I suspect that’s not what you really want to do. I’m guessing you are a student, and somebody wants you to write a program that multiplies at run time.

In that case, you’ll need to use a multiply instruction instead of an equate.

You can do that by writing the following:

          mul   <constant>

which multiplies EAX, at runtime, by a constant value defined at assembly-time. There are other variants of the MUL instruction that multiply by the runtime value of other registers or memory locations; as a student, you should go look this up to understand your choices. This brief discussion may help you understand why it is a little clumsy to use: Intel instruction set: multiply with EAX, EBX, ECX or EDX?. You should be reading the Intel reference manuals if you want useful detail on what the CPU can really do; since you mention «Irvine.32.inc» (my alma mater), I’d guess but don’t know that there is documentation related to Irvine32 and the related coursework that you better know. Welcome to studentville, and what the rest of your chosen career is likely to feel like («don’t know the topic? go find out»).

Since this appears to be homework, I’m leaving you with the above hint. You’ll need some more instructions (not much) to set up EAX with a value to be multiplied, and moving the answer to BL.

Hi all,

I am creating a checkerboard program in which the white tiles stay the same color but the colored tiles switch to each of the 16 4-bit colors after 500 ms. The following is the code that I have:

INCLUDE Irvine32.inc

SetColor PROTO forecolor:BYTE, backcolor: BYTE

WriteColorChar PROTO char:BYTE, forecolor:BYTE, backcolor:BYTE

PrintRowOdd PROTO color:BYTE

PrintRowEven PROTO color:BYTE

.data

rows = 8

columns = 8

color BYTE ?

.code

main PROC

mov ecx, 16

mov color,0

L1:

push ecx

mov ecx, rows/2

L2:

INVOKE PrintRowOdd, color

call Crlf

INVOKE PrintRowEven, color

call Crlf

loop L2

mov eax, 500

call Delay

inc color

pop ecx

loop L1

exit

main ENDP

PrintRowOdd PROC uses ecx, color:BYTE

mov ecx, columns / 2

L1:

INVOKE WriteColorChar, ‘ ‘, color, color

INVOKE WriteColorChar, ‘ ‘, color, color

INVOKE WriteColorChar, ‘ ‘, white, white

INVOKE WriteColorChar, ‘ ‘, white, white

loop L1

ret

PrintRowOdd ENDP

PrintRowEven PROC uses ecx, color:BYTE

mov ecx, columns / 2

L1:

INVOKE WriteColorChar, ‘ ‘, white, white

INVOKE WriteColorChar, ‘ ‘, white, white

INVOKE WriteColorChar, ‘ ‘, color, color

INVOKE WriteColorChar, ‘ ‘, color, color

loop L1

ret

PrintRowEven ENDP

WriteColorChar PROC USES eax, char:BYTE, forecolor:BYTE, backcolor:BYTE

INVOKE SetColor, forecolor, backcolor

mov al, char

call WriteChar

ret

WriteColorChar ENDP

SetColor PROC, forecolor:BYTE, backcolor:BYTE

movzx eax, backcolor

shl eax, 4

or al, forecolor

call SetTextColor ; from Irvine32.lib

ret

SetColor ENDP

END MAIN

And the error that I receive with this code is as such:

1>Checkers.asm(44):error A2005: symbol redefinition : color

1>Checkers.asm(44): error A2111: conflicting parameter definition

1>Checkers.asm(56): error A2005: symbol redefinition : color

1>Checkers.asm(56): error A2111: conflicting parameter definition

I think this error means that I am redefining a symbol (color) which needs to be constant. Any ideas on what I should do to resolve this?

Thanks in advance.

Error A2005 Symbol Redefinition

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ML Error Messages — untergrund.net

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masm — How do I multiply in assembly? — Stack Overflow

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25758615/how-do-i-multiply-in-assembly

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Jul 16, 2018 · This question has been assumed as answered either offline via email or with a multi-part answer. This question has now been closed out. If you have an inquiry related to this topic please post a new question in the applicable product forum.

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Error a2005 symbol redefinition

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January 12, 2023, 06:56:56 AM

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Topic: symbol redefinition error (Read 13837 times)

shaqywacky New Member Posts: 6 Hello everyone, I’m pretty new to assembler, so this might be really obvious. Just as an exercise I tried to write a decimal to ascii converter but I keep getting this error: «/masm32/include/masm32.inc(402) : error A2005: symbol redefinition : RUN_SYNCH_PROCESS_EX». Obviously I can stop the error if I don’t include masm32.inc but I need it. Here’s the code: .MODEL flat, stdcall include /masm32/include/kernel32.inc includelib /masm32/inc/kernel32.lib include /masm32/include/masm32.inc includelib /masm32/lib/masm32.lib .DATA number1 DWORD 7845 string1 BYTE 10 DUP(?),0 D1_dtoa PROTO :DWORD, :DWORD start: ;invokes the main process invoke D1_dtoa, number1, addr string1 ;exits invoke ExitProcess, 0 end start D1_dtoa PROC num1:DWORD, dest1:DWORD LOCAL num1 :DWORD LOCAL dest1 :DWORD ;saves all the variables push ebp mov ebp, esp push eax push ebx push ecx push edx push esi push edi ;moves local variables into ebx and edi mov ebx, num mov edi, dest ;checks if it is negative or not, puts a minus sign if it is, a space if it isn’t ;This should save the sign bit and apply it at the end, I’ll fix this later cmp ebx, 0 jge not_negative mov edx, ‘-‘ mov [edi], edx jmp negative not_negative: mov edx, ‘ ‘ mov [edi], edx negative: inc edi ;Divide by 10 and put remainder in the low part of the string ; end when ecx = 0 or eax = 0, quit mov ecx, 9 .WHILE ecx > 0 mov edx, 10 mov eax, ebx idiv edx .IF eax == 0 .BREAK .ENDIF sub esi, ecx mov [esi], edx add esi, ecx dec ecx .ENDW ; fill in the rest with zeros. This is dumb and I’ll fix it later mov edx, 0 .WHILE ecx > 0 sub esi, ecx mov [esi], edx add esi, ecx dec ecx .ENDW pop edi pop esi pop edx pop ecx pop ebx pop eax pop ebp I know there are probably a lot of dumb things I did(like very little comments, and manually saving the registers), so if you see something that doesn’t have to do with main question but is bad assembly practice, feel free to tell me. I tried changing all my variable names(that’s why they all have a number one in them) but that didn’t solve the problem. I don’t know if it matters but I tired assembling with this command: I’d really appricate some help. Thanks Logged

Gunner Member Gender: Posts: 687 What the hell, why not. Logged Rob (Gunner) — IE Zone Editor — Gunners File Type Editor http://www.gunnerinc.com New Member Posts: 6 Thanks, that fixed that problem. Unfortunately there seem to be another one. When I try to link it I get this error: «d.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol _D1_dtoa@8». Here’s the code with the changes: .MODEL flat, stdcall option casemap:none include /masm32/include/windows.inc include /masm32/include/kernel32.inc includelib /masm32/lib/kernel32.lib include /masm32/include/masm32.inc includelib /masm32/lib/masm32.lib .DATA number1 DWORD 7845 string1 BYTE 10 DUP(?),0 D1_dtoa PROTO :DWORD, :DWORD start: ;invokes the main process invoke D1_dtoa, number1, addr string1 ;exits invoke ExitProcess, 0 end start D1_dtoa PROC num1:DWORD, dest1:DWORD LOCAL num1 :DWORD LOCAL dest1 :DWORD ;saves all the variables push ebp mov ebp, esp push eax push ebx push ecx push edx push esi push edi ;moves local variables into ebx and edi mov ebx, num mov edi, dest ;checks if it is negative or not, puts a minus sign if it is, a space if it isn’t ;This should save the sign bit and apply it at the end, I’ll fix this later cmp ebx, 0 jge not_negative mov edx, ‘-‘ mov [edi], edx jmp negative not_negative: mov edx, ‘ ‘ mov [edi], edx negative: inc edi ;Divide by 10 and put remainder in the low part of the string ; end when ecx = 0 or eax = 0, quit mov ecx, 9 .WHILE ecx > 0 mov edx, 10 mov eax, ebx idiv edx .IF eax == 0 .BREAK .ENDIF sub esi, ecx mov [esi], edx add esi, ecx dec ecx .ENDW ; fill in the rest with zeros. This is dumb and I’ll fix it later mov edx, 0 .WHILE ecx > 0 sub esi, ecx mov [esi], edx add esi, ecx dec ecx .ENDW ; restore regisiters pop edi pop esi pop edx pop ecx pop ebx pop eax pop ebp I’m thinking it has to do with how I’m invoking procedures, I haven’t done it a whole lot so I could easily be messing it up. Logged

dedndave Member Posts: 12523 it is simpler to use the masm32rt.inc file for your preamble as for the new error, you just need a prototype get rid of all this stuff. .MODEL flat, stdcall option casemap:none include /masm32/include/windows.inc include /masm32/include/kernel32.inc includelib /masm32/lib/kernel32.lib include /masm32/include/masm32.inc includelib /masm32/lib/masm32.lib D1_dtoa PROTO :DWORD,:DWORD Logged