Error expected primary expression before int

If you can't find the specific cause of the error expected primary expression before then this article is for you. Check our experts' solutions to the problem.

How to fix expected primary expression beforeThe expected primary expression before occurs due to syntax errors. It usually has a character or a keyword at the end that clarifies the cause. Here you’ll get access to the most common syntax mistakes that throw the same error.

Continue reading to see where you might be getting wrong and how you can solve the issue.

Contents

  • Why Does the Expected Primary Expression Before Occur?
    • – You Are Specifying the Data Type With Function Argument
    • – The Wrong Type of Arguments
    • – Issue With the Curly Braces Resulting in Expected Primary Expression Before }
    • – The Parenthesis Following the If Statement Don’t Contain an Expression
  • How To Fix the Given Error?
    • – Remove the Data Type That Precedes the Function Argument
    • – Pass the Arguments of the Expected Data Type
    • – Ensure The Equal Number of Opening and Closing Curly Brackets
    • – Add an Expression in the If Statement Parenthesis
  • FAQ
    • – What Does It Mean When the Error Says “Expected Primary Expression Before Int” in C?
    • – What Is a Primary Expression in C Language?
    • – What Are the Types of Expressions?
  • Conclusion

Why Does the Expected Primary Expression Before Occur?

The expected primary expression before error occurs when your code doesn’t follow the correct syntax. The mistakes pointed out below are the ones that often take place when you are new to programming. However, a programmer in hurry might make the same mistakes.

So, here you go:

– You Are Specifying the Data Type With Function Argument

If your function call contains the data type along with the argument, then you’ll get an error.

Here is the problematic function call:

int addFunction(int num1, int num2)
{
int sum;
sum = num1 + num2;
return sum;
}
int main()
{
int result = addFunction(int 20, int 30);
}

– The Wrong Type of Arguments

Passing the wrong types of arguments can result in the same error. You can not pass a string to a function that accepts an argument of int data type.

int main()
{
int result = addFunction(string “cat”, string “kitten”);
}

– Issue With the Curly Braces Resulting in Expected Primary Expression Before }

Missing a curly bracket or adding an extra curly bracket usually results in the mentioned error.

– The Parenthesis Following the If Statement Don’t Contain an Expression

If the parenthesis in front of the if statement doesn’t contain an expression or the result of an expression, then the code won’t run properly. Consequently, you’ll get the stated error.

How To Fix the Given Error?

You can fix the “expected primary-expression before” error by using the solutions given below:

– Remove the Data Type That Precedes the Function Argument

Remove the data type from the parenthesis while calling a function to solve the error. Here is the correct way to call a function:

int main()
{
int result = addFunction(30, 90);
}

– Pass the Arguments of the Expected Data Type

Double-check the function definition and pass the arguments of the type that matches the data type of the parameters. It will ensure that you pass the correct arguments and kick away the error.

– Ensure The Equal Number of Opening and Closing Curly Brackets

Your program must contain an equal number of opening and closing curly brackets. Begin with carefully observing your code to see where you are doing the mistake.

– Add an Expression in the If Statement Parenthesis

The data inside the parenthesis following the if statement should be either an expression or the result of an expression. Even adding either true or false will solve the issue and eliminate the error.

FAQ

You can view latest topics and suggested topics that’ll help you as a new programmer.

– What Does It Mean When the Error Says “Expected Primary Expression Before Int” in C?

The “expected primary expression before int” error means that you are trying to declare a variable of int data type in the wrong location. It mostly happens when you forget to terminate the previous statement and proceed with declaring another variable.

– What Is a Primary Expression in C Language?

A primary expression is the basic element of a complex expression. The identifiers, literals, constants, names, etc are considered primary expressions in the C programming language.

– What Are the Types of Expressions?

The different types of expressions include arithmetic, character, and logical or relational expressions. An arithmetic expression returns an arithmetic value. A character expression gives back a character value. Similarly, a logical value will be the output of a logical or relational expression.

Conclusion

The above error revolves around syntax mistakes and can be solved easily with a little code investigation. The noteworthy points depicting the solutions have been written below to help you out in removing the error:

  • Never mention the data type of parameters while calling a function
  • Ensure that you pass the correct type of arguments to the given function
  • You should not miss a curly bracket or add an extra one
  • The if statement should always be used with the expressions, expression results, true, or false

What is expected primary expression before errorThe more you learn the syntax and practice coding, the more easily you’ll be able to solve the error.

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prutkin41

0 / 0 / 0

Регистрация: 20.07.2012

Сообщений: 4

1

20.07.2012, 07:23. Показов 32218. Ответов 7

Метки нет (Все метки)


код

C++
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#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;
#include <windows.h>
 
int show_big_and_litle(int a, int b, int c)
{
  
  int small=a;
  int big=a;
   if(b>big)
    big=b;
   if(b<small)
    small=b;
   if(c>big)
    big=c;
   if(c<small)
    small=c;
     
  cout<<"Самое  большое значение равно "<<big<<endl;
  cout<<"Самое маленькое значение равно "<<small<<endl;
}
int main(void)
{
    show_big_and_litle(1,2,3);
    show_big_and_litle(500,0,-500);
    show_big_and_litle(1001,1001,1001);
  system("pause");
}

__________________
Помощь в написании контрольных, курсовых и дипломных работ, диссертаций здесь



0



25 / 25 / 5

Регистрация: 21.04.2011

Сообщений: 141

20.07.2012, 08:18

2

Функция how_big_and_litle не возвращает значение, а в заголовке она определена как возвращающая значение. Нужно либо в функцию return 0; поставить либо в определении функции вместо int поставить void



0



prutkin41

0 / 0 / 0

Регистрация: 20.07.2012

Сообщений: 4

20.07.2012, 08:29

 [ТС]

3

так не работает

C++
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int show_big_and_litle(int a, int b, int c)
{
  
  int small=a;
  int big=a;
   if(b>big)
    big=b;
   if(b<small)
    small=b;
   if(c>big)
    big=c;
   if(c<small)
    small=c;
   
  cout<<"Самое  большое значение равно "<<big<<endl;
  cout<<"Самое маленькое значение равно "<<small<<endl;
  return(0);
}
int main(void)
{
    show_big_and_litle(1,2,3);
    show_big_and_litle(500,0,-500);
    show_big_and_litle(1001,1001,1001);
  system("pause");
}



0



xADMIRALx

69 / 63 / 5

Регистрация: 09.06.2012

Сообщений: 291

20.07.2012, 09:10

4

Сначала объявляем прототип функции,а затем реализовываем ее Читайте литературу,слишком наивные вопросы

C++
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#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h> // для system
 
 
using namespace std;
void show_big_and_litle(int a, int b, int c);
 
 
 
int main(void)
{
    show_big_and_litle(1,2,3);
    show_big_and_litle(500,0,-500);
    show_big_and_litle(1001,1001,1001);
  system("pause");
}    
void show_big_and_litle(int a, int b, int c)
{
  
  int small=a;
  int big=a;
   if(b>big)
    big=b;
   if(b<small)
    small=b;
   if(c>big)
    big=c;
   if(c<small)
    small=c;
     
  cout<<"Самое  большое значение равно "<<big<<endl;
  cout<<"Самое маленькое значение равно "<<small<<endl;
}



0



Infinity3000

1066 / 583 / 87

Регистрация: 03.12.2009

Сообщений: 1,255

20.07.2012, 09:52

5

Цитата
Сообщение от xADMIRALx
Посмотреть сообщение

Сначала объявляем прототип функции,а затем реализовываем ее Читайте литературу,слишком наивные вопросы

прототип функции не обязательно обьявлять если функция реализованая до первого ее вызова!

C++
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#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;
#include <windows.h>
 
void show_big_and_litle(int a, int b, int c)
{
  int smal = a;
  int big = a;
   if(b > big)
   {
    big = b;
   }
  if(b < smal)
    smal = b;
   if(c > big)
    big = c;
   if(c < smal)
    smal = c;
     
  cout<<"Самое  большое значение равно "<<big<<endl;
  cout<<"Самое маленькое значение равно "<<smal<<endl;
 
}
int main()
{
    show_big_and_litle(1,2,3);
    show_big_and_litle(500,0,-500);
    show_big_and_litle(1001,1001,1001);
  system("pause");
  return 0;
}



1



0 / 0 / 0

Регистрация: 20.07.2012

Сообщений: 4

20.07.2012, 12:20

 [ТС]

6

почему со «smal» компилируется, а с изначальным «small» -нет?



0



Schizorb

512 / 464 / 81

Регистрация: 07.04.2012

Сообщений: 869

Записей в блоге: 1

20.07.2012, 12:36

7

prutkin41, не подключай <windows.h>, в нем опеределена

C++
1
#define small char

Добавлено через 1 минуту
В этой задаче достаточно подключить:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>



1



0 / 0 / 0

Регистрация: 20.07.2012

Сообщений: 4

20.07.2012, 14:04

 [ТС]

8

почему возникает переполнение? извиняюсь за нубские вопросы — надо разобраться



0



IT_Exp

Эксперт

87844 / 49110 / 22898

Регистрация: 17.06.2006

Сообщений: 92,604

20.07.2012, 14:04

Помогаю со студенческими работами здесь

Ошибка «expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token»
Задача: Задано линейный массив целых чисел. Увеличить на 2 каждый неотъемлемый элемент
массива….

Перегрузка оператора <<: «expected primary-expression»
Здравствуйте, можете пожалуйста подсказать в чём может быть ошибка. уже долго сижу и никак не могу…

Исправить ошибку «expected primary-expression»
Уважаемые форумчане помогите разобраться с простейшей арифметической программой:
#include…

expected primary-expression before «bre» ; expected `;’ before «bre» ; `bre’ undeclared (first use this function)
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
using namespace std;
struct point
{
int x;
int y;
};
int…

expected primary-expression before «else»
я написал эту прог чтобы он считывал слов в приложении.помогите исправит ошибки.если не трудно)…

В зависимости от времени года «весна», «лето», «осень», «зима» определить погоду «тепло», «жарко», «холодно», «очень холодно»
В зависимости от времени года &quot;весна&quot;, &quot;лето&quot;, &quot;осень&quot;, &quot;зима&quot; определить погоду &quot;тепло&quot;,…

Искать еще темы с ответами

Или воспользуйтесь поиском по форуму:

8

I’m writing a code that will (hopefully) allow the user to input a number, and which will output the sum of the prime numbers between 2 and that number (inclusive). I’m getting one problem, however, on the penultimate line of the code. I’ve looked up other solutions to this question, but they don’t seem to be caused by the same error as mine. Here’s the code:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int Q;

int sum_primes(int N) {

    cout << "Enter a number and I will generate the sums of the primes up to (and including) that number: ";
    cin >> Q;

    int i, count, sum = 0;

    for(N = 1; N <= Q; N++) {    
         count = 0;

         for(i = 2; i <= N/2; i++) {
             if (N % i == 0) {
                 count++;
                 break;
             }
         }

         if (count == 0 && N != 1)
             sum = sum + N;

         return N = sum;
    }
}

int main() {
    cout << "The sum of these primes is: " << sum_primes(int N);

   return 0;
}

David G's user avatar

David G

93.3k41 gold badges165 silver badges250 bronze badges

asked Nov 1, 2012 at 17:33

user1791960's user avatar

0

cout << "..." << sum_primes(int N);

Replace int N with a number. You already defined the function, now you need to give it a parameter.

Or maybe you wanted to give N‘s value through user input. Then use this instead:

int N;

cin >> N;

cout << "The sum of these primes is: " << sum_primes(N);

Also, as GigaWatt pointed out, the line on which you did:

return N = sum;

is unnecessary. Simply returning sum will work just as well.

Here’s the complete code:

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

bool isPrime(int x) {

    if (x == 1) return false;
    if (x == 2) return true;

    bool prime = true;
    for (int i = 2; i <= sqrt(x); i++) {
        if (x % i == 0) { prime = false; break; }
    }
    return prime;
}

int sum_primes(unsigned int N) {

    int sum = 0;

    for ( int i = 1; i <= N; i++ ) {

        if (isPrime(i)) sum += i;

    }
    return sum == 0 ? 1 : sum;
}

int main() {

    int Q;

    std::cin >> Q;

    std::cout << "Sum of primes " << sum_primes(Q);

}

answered Nov 1, 2012 at 17:35

David G's user avatar

David GDavid G

93.3k41 gold badges165 silver badges250 bronze badges

11

There are in fact multiple issues with this code. I’ll list a few, but this is by no means exhaustive!

  • You’ve got some slightly crazy structuring of your code there. I guess this will become apparent when you fix the simple syntax error. Just as a point of style, I’d pass in Q as an argument to sum_primes as well as N.
  • You’re outputting «The sum of these primes is» before asking «Enter a number».
  • return N = sum will exit your outer for-loop immediately. This is almost certainly not what you wanted.

I suspect you’ll need to hunt down a better instroduction to C++ than you’re currently working from. I’m afraid I can’t offer you any advice with that.

answered Nov 1, 2012 at 17:47

Rook's user avatar

RookRook

5,6573 gold badges36 silver badges43 bronze badges

Your argument to sum_primes is incorrect.

The function is defined to take an int, but you’re not passing it one.

answered Nov 1, 2012 at 17:35

Greg Jandl's user avatar

Greg JandlGreg Jandl

82211 silver badges12 bronze badges

  • Forum
  • Beginners
  • expected primary-expression before «int»

expected primary-expression before «int»

I am a beginner student learning functions. I had an assignment to complete regarding functions and have an error that appears on line 25 stating «expected primary-expression before «int»». When I try to run my program through g++ the program is not displaying the displayMessages. Any input as to how to fix this error would be greatly appreciated!

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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void displayMessage (string name, int age);
void displayMessage (int num1, int num2);

int main ()
{
  string name;
  int age;
  cout << "Enter your name:" << endl;
  cin >> name;
  cout << "Enter your age:" << endl;
  cin >> age;

  displayMessage (name, age);

  int num1;
  int num2;
  cout << "Enter an integer:" << endl;
  cin >> num1;
  cout << "Enter another integer:" << endl;
  cin >> num2;

  displayMessage (int num1, int num2);

  return 0;
}

void displayMessage (string name, int age)
{
    cout << "Hello," << name << endl;
    cout << "You are" << age << "years old" << endl;
}

void displayMessage (int num1, int num2)
{
  int sum = num1 + num2;
  int difference = num1 - num2;
  cout << "The sum of the integers is" << sum << endl;
  cout << "The difference of the two integers is" << difference << endl;
}

Line 25 should be displayMessage(num1, num2);

The type names should only be present when you declare a variable, not when you make a function call.

Last edited on

My program works perfectly! Thank you so much for your help, I really appreciate it! :)

Topic archived. No new replies allowed.

Содержание

  1. Arduino.ru
  2. Регистрация новых пользователей и создание новых тем теперь только на новом форуме https://forum.arduino.ru
  3. forum.arduino.ru
  4. Прошу помощи
  5. Fix “Expected Primary-Expression Before” in C++ or Arduino
  6. How to fix “Expected Primary-Expression Before” error?
  7. Type 1: Expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token
  8. Type 2: Expected primary expression before ‘)’ token
  9. Type 3: Expected primary-expression before ‘enum’
  10. Type 4: Expected primary expression before ‘.’
  11. Type 5: Expected primary-expression before ‘word’
  12. Type 6: Expected primary-expression before ‘else’
  13. Conclusion

Arduino.ru

Регистрация новых пользователей и создание новых тем теперь только на новом форуме https://forum.arduino.ru

forum.arduino.ru

Прошу помощи

Приветствую. Проблема в следуещем, есть у меня друг который смог с ардуино вывести показания буста на штатный экран бк. Я от этой темы далек, он мне сказал купить платку нано, и дал чем прошить ее. сейчас связи с ним нет, а прошить не получается, выдает ошибку. Помогите с таким траблом мне .

опубликуйте весь код

покажите ошибку которую компилятор выдал

опубликуйте весь код

покажите ошибку которую компилятор выдал

Ошибку просто выделяешь мышкой в Arduino IDE и копируешь/вставляешь сюда текстом.

Ошибку просто выделяешь мышкой в Arduino IDE и копируешь/вставляешь сюда текстом.

rgdaudi, компилятор же Вам все написал.

Вот расскажите, что Вы хотели сказать в строках 67 и 68?

rgdaudi, компилятор же Вам все написал.

Вот расскажите, что Вы хотели сказать в строках 67 и 68?

[/quote]
Я ж и обратился за помощью сюда, если бы я что то понимал вопросов бы не возникло

Вопрос остается: что Вы хотели сказать строками 67 и 68?

Вопрос остается: что Вы хотели сказать строками 67 и 68?

Вопрос остается: что Вы хотели сказать строками 67 и 68?

Ладно, я даже готов согласиться, что не программа считывает значение в переменную, а сама переменная считывает значение сама в себя, но почему она это делает, пренебрегая правилами языка?

Ладно, я даже готов согласиться, что не программа считывает значение в переменную, а сама переменная считывает значение сама в себя, но почему она это делает, пренебрегая правилами языка?

[/quote] Да далек я ото всего этого, кто бы мне помог сейчас не на связи, вот и обратился я к Вам

Ну, у Вас есть два варианта:

1. «Подойти поближе» — т.е. ознакомиться с языком и принципами программирования.

2. Обратиться в раздел «Ищу исполнителя». Там Вам помогут за соответствующее вознаграждение.

Здесь Вам могут помочь осуществить п.1 т.е. освоить программирование, но делать за Вас работу, которая никому кроме Вас не интересна, никто не будет.

Пока могу еще раз посоветовать прочитать и понять выдаваемую компилятором диагностику. На строку 69 не обращайте внимания, это наведенка от предыдущей строки, а вот в строке 70 все достатояно четко сформулировано: Вы пытаетесь использовать нигде не описанную переменную.

Ну, у Вас есть два варианта:

1. «Подойти поближе» — т.е. ознакомиться с языком и принципами программирования.

2. Обратиться в раздел «Ищу исполнителя». Там Вам помогут за соответствующее вознаграждение.

Здесь Вам могут помочь осуществить п.1 т.е. освоить программирование, но делать за Вас работу, которая никому кроме Вас не интересна, никто не будет.

Пока могу еще раз посоветовать прочитать и понять выдаваемую компилятором диагностику. На строку 69 не обращайте внимания, это наведенка от предыдущей строки, а вот в строке 70 все достатояно четко сформулировано: Вы пытаетесь использовать нигде не описанную переменную.

Спасибо огромное идем по пункту 1) я нашел в чем проблема была

Источник

Fix “Expected Primary-Expression Before” in C++ or Arduino

“Expected primary-expression before ‘some‘ token” is one of the most common errors that you can experience in Arduino code. Arduino code is written in C++ with few additions here and there, so it is a C++ syntax error. There are multiple versions of this error, depends on what is it that you messed up. Some are easy to fix, some not so much.

Most of the times (but not always), the error occurs because you have missed something or put it at the wrong place. Be it a semicolon, a bracket or something else. It can be fixed by figuring out what is that you missed/misplaced and placing it at the right position. Let us walk through multiple versions of the error and how to fix them one by one.

We all like building things, don’t we? Arduino gives us the opportunity to do amazing things with electronics with simply a little bit of code. It is an open-source electronics platform. It is based on hardware and software which are easy to learn and use. If I were to explain in simple language what Arduino does – it takes an input from the user in different forms such as touch or light and turns it into an output such as running a motor. Actually, you can even post tweets on Twitter with Arduino.

Table of Contents

How to fix “Expected Primary-Expression Before” error?

I’ll walk you through multiple examples of where the error can occur and how to possibly fix it. The codes that I use as examples in this article are codes that people posted on forums asking for a solution, so all credits of the code go to them. Let’s begin.

Type 1: Expected primary-expression before ‘>’ token

This error occurs when when the opening curly brackets ‘<‘ are not properly followed by the closing curly bracket ‘>’. To fix this, what you have to do is: check if all of your opening and closing curly brackets match properly. Also, check if you are missing any curly brackets. There isn’t much to this, so I’ll move on to the other types.

Type 2: Expected primary expression before ‘)’ token

Example 1: All credits to this thread. Throughout all of my examples, I will highlight the line which is causing the issue with red.

Solution 1:

The error occurs in this code because the rainbow function is supposed to have a variable as its argument, however the argument given here is ‘uint8_t’ which is not a variable.

Here all you have to do is define uint8_t as a variable first and assign it a value. The code will work after that.

Type 3: Expected primary-expression before ‘enum’

Example 1: All credits to this thread.

Solution 1:

The “expected primary-expression before ‘enum’ ” error occurs here because the enum here has been defined inside a method, which is incorrect. The corrected code is:

Note: Another mistake has been fixed in this code i.e. the space in “Range Rover” variable. Variable names cannot contain spaces.

Type 4: Expected primary expression before ‘.’

Example 1: All credits go to this thread.

Solution 1: Here the error occurs because “square” is being used as an object, which it is not. Square is a type, and the corrected code is given below.

Type 5: Expected primary-expression before ‘word’

Example 1: All credits go to this thread.

Solution 1:

Here, they are incorrectly using string inside wordLengthFunction().

Fixing it is simple, simply replace

Type 6: Expected primary-expression before ‘else’

Example 1: All credit goes to this thread.

Solution 1:

This code is not correct because after the if statement is closed with ‘>’ in this code, there are two statements before the else statement starts. There must not be any statements between the closing curly bracket ‘>’ of if statement and the else statement. It can be fixed by simply removing the part that I have marked in red.

Conclusion

And that’s it, I hope you were able to fix the expected primary-expression before error. This article wasn’t easy to write – I’m in no way an expert in C++, but I do know it to a decent level. I couldn’t find any articles related to fixing this error on the internet so I thought I’d write one myself. Answers that I read in forums helped me immensely while researching for this article and I’m thankful to the amazing community of programmers that we have built! If you would like to ask me anything, suggest any changes to this article or simply would like to write for us/collaborate with us, visit our Contact page. Thank you for reading, I hope you have an amazing day.

Also, tell me which one of the 6 types were you experiencing in the comments below.

Источник

“Expected primary-expression before ‘some‘ token” is one of the most common errors that you can experience in Arduino code. Arduino code is written in C++ with few additions here and there, so it is a C++ syntax error. There are multiple versions of this error, depends on what is it that you messed up. Some are easy to fix, some not so much.

Most of the times (but not always), the error occurs because you have missed something or put it at the wrong place. Be it a semicolon, a bracket or something else. It can be fixed by figuring out what is that you missed/misplaced and placing it at the right position. Let us walk through multiple versions of the error and how to fix them one by one.

We all like building things, don’t we? Arduino gives us the opportunity to do amazing things with electronics with simply a little bit of code. It is an open-source electronics platform. It is based on hardware and software which are easy to learn and use. If I were to explain in simple language what Arduino does – it takes an input from the user in different forms such as touch or light and turns it into an output such as running a motor. Actually, you can even post tweets on Twitter with Arduino.

Table of Contents

  • How to fix “Expected Primary-Expression Before” error?
    • Type 1: Expected primary-expression before ‘}’ token
    • Type 2: Expected primary expression before ‘)’ token
    • Type 3: Expected primary-expression before ‘enum’
    • Type 4: Expected primary expression before ‘.’
    • Type 5: Expected primary-expression before ‘word’
    • Type 6: Expected primary-expression before ‘else’
  • Conclusion

I’ll walk you through multiple examples of where the error can occur and how to possibly fix it. The codes that I use as examples in this article are codes that people posted on forums asking for a solution, so all credits of the code go to them. Let’s begin.

Type 1: Expected primary-expression before ‘}’ token

This error occurs when when the opening curly brackets ‘{‘ are not properly followed by the closing curly bracket ‘}’. To fix this, what you have to do is: check if all of your opening and closing curly brackets match properly. Also, check if you are missing any curly brackets. There isn’t much to this, so I’ll move on to the other types.

Type 2: Expected primary expression before ‘)’ token

Example 1: All credits to this thread. Throughout all of my examples, I will highlight the line which is causing the issue with red.

#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#define PIN D1
#define NUMPIXELS 597
int red = 0;
int green = 0;
int blue = 0;
int game = 0;
  Adafruit_NeoPixel pixels = Adafruit_NeoPixel(NUMPIXELS, PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void setup() {
  Blynk.begin("d410a13b55560fbdfb3df5fe2a2ff5", "8", "12345670");
  pixels.begin();
  pixels.show();
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
BLYNK_WRITE(V1) {
  game = 1;
  int R = param[0].asInt();
  int G = param[1].asInt();
  int B = param[2].asInt();
  setSome(R, G, B);
}
BLYNK_WRITE(V2) {
  if (param.asInt()==1) {
    game = 2;
    rainbow(uint8_t); // Rainbow
  }
  else {
  }
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void loop()
{
Blynk.run();
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void rainbow(uint8_t wait) {
  uint16_t i, j;
  for(j=0; j<256; j++) {
    for(i=0; i<NUMPIXELS; i++) {
      pixels.setPixelColor(i, Wheel((i+j) & 255));
    }
    pixels.show();
    delay(wait);
  }
 // delay(1);
}
uint32_t Wheel(byte WheelPos) {
  WheelPos = 255 - WheelPos;
  if(WheelPos < 85) {
    return pixels.Color(255 - WheelPos * 3, 0, WheelPos * 3);
  }
  if(WheelPos < 170) {
    WheelPos -= 85;
    return pixels.Color(0, WheelPos * 3, 255 - WheelPos * 3);
  }
  WheelPos -= 170;
  return pixels.Color(WheelPos * 3, 255 - WheelPos * 3, 0);
}BLYNK_WRITE(V3) {
  if (param.asInt()) {
    game = 3;
    setAll(125, 47, 0); //candle
  }
  else {
  }
}
BLYNK_WRITE(V4) {
  game = 4;
  int Bright = param.asInt();
  pixels.setBrightness(Bright);
  pixels.show();
}
BLYNK_WRITE(V5) {
  if (param.asInt()) {
    game = 5;
    setAll(85, 0, 255);
  }
  else {
  }
}
BLYNK_WRITE(V6) {
  if (param.asInt()) {
    game = 6;
    oFF(red, green, blue);
//    fullOff();
  }
  else {
  }
}
BLYNK_WRITE(V7) {
  if (param.asInt()) {
    game = 7;
    setAll(255, 0, 85);
  }
  else {
  }
}
BLYNK_WRITE(V8) {
  if (param.asInt()) {
    game = 8;
    setAll(90, 90, 90);
  }
  else {
  }
}
BLYNK_WRITE(V9) {
  if (param.asInt()) {
    game = 9;
    setAll(255, 130, 130);
  }
  else {
  }
}


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void oFF(byte r, byte g, byte b) {
  if (game == 1) {
    offsome(r, g, b);
  }
  else if (game == 2) {
    offall(r, g, b);
  }
  else if (game == 3) {
    offall(r, g, b);
  }
  else if (game == 4) {
    offall(r, g, b);
  }
  else if (game == 5) {
    offall(r, g, b);
  }
  else if (game == 6) {
    offall(r, g, b);
  }
  else if (game == 7) {
    offall(r, g, b);
  }
  else if (game == 8) {
    offall(r, g, b);
  }
  else if (game == 9) {
    offall(r, g, b);
  }
}

void offall(byte r, byte g, byte b) {
  uint32_t x = r, y = g, z = b;
  for (x; x > 0; x--) {
    if( y > 0 )
      y--;
    if( z > 0 )
      z--;
    for(int i = 0; i < NUMPIXELS; i++ ) {
      pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(x, y, z));
    }
    pixels.show();
    delay(0);
  }
  //delay(0);
}

void offsome(byte r, byte g, byte b) {
  uint32_t x = r, y = g, z = b;
  for (x; x > 0; x--) {
    if( y > 0 )
      y--;
    if( z > 0 )
      z--;
    for(int i = 87; i < 214; i++ ) {
      pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(x, y, z));
    }
    for(int i = 385; i < 510; i++ ) {
      pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(x, y, z));
    }
    pixels.show();
    delay(0);
  }
}
void setAll(byte r, byte g, byte b) {
  uint16_t x = 0, y = 0, z = 0;
  for (x; x < r; x++) {
    if( y < g )
      y++;
    if( z < b )
      z++;
    for(int i = 0; i < NUMPIXELS; i++ ) {
      pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(x, y, z));
    }
    pixels.show();
    red = r;
    green = g;
    blue = b;
    delay(0);
  }
  //delay(0);
}

void setSome(byte r, byte g, byte b) {
  uint16_t x = 0, y = 0, z = 0;
  for (x; x < r; x++) {
    if( y < g )
      y++;
    if( z < b )
      z++;
    for(int i = 86; i < 212; i++ ) {
      pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(x, y, z));
    }
    for(int i = 385; i < 512; i++ ) {
      pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(x, y, z));
    }
    pixels.show();
    red = r;
    green = g;
    blue = b;
    delay(0);
  }
  //delay(0);
}

void fullOff() {
  for(int i = 0; i < NUMPIXELS; i++ ) {
    pixels.setPixelColor(i, pixels.Color(0, 0, 0));
  }
    pixels.show();
}

Solution 1:

The error occurs in this code because the rainbow function is supposed to have a variable as its argument, however the argument given here is ‘uint8_t’ which is not a variable.

BLYNK_WRITE(V2) {
  if (param.asInt()==1) {
    game = 2;
    rainbow(uint8_t); // Rainbow
  }
  else {
  }
}

Here all you have to do is define uint8_t as a variable first and assign it a value. The code will work after that.

Type 3: Expected primary-expression before ‘enum’

Example 1: All credits to this thread.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
     enum userchoice
    {
        Toyota = 1,
        Lamborghini,
        Ferrari,
        Holden,
        Range Rover
    };
    
    enum quizlevels
    {
        Hardquestions = 1,
        Mediumquestions, 
        Easyquestions
    };  

    return 0;
}

Solution 1:

The “expected primary-expression before ‘enum’ ” error occurs here because the enum here has been defined inside a method, which is incorrect. The corrected code is:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


enum userchoice
    {
    Toyota = 1,
    Lamborghini,
    Ferrari,
    Holden,
    RangeRover
    };

enum quizlevels
    {
    HardQuestions = 1,
    MediumQuestions,
    EasyQuestions
    };

int main()
    {
    return 0;
    }

Note: Another mistake has been fixed in this code i.e. the space in “Range Rover” variable. Variable names cannot contain spaces.

Type 4: Expected primary expression before ‘.’

Example 1: All credits go to this thread.

#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class square {

public:
    double length, width;
    
    square(double length, double width);
    square();
    
    ~square();
    
    double perimeter();
};

double square::perimeter() {
return 2*square.length + 2*square.width;
}

int main() {

square sq(4.0, 4.0);

cout << sq.perimeter() << endl;

return 0;
}

Solution 1: Here the error occurs because “square” is being used as an object, which it is not. Square is a type, and the corrected code is given below.



#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class square {

public:
    double length, width;
    
    square(double length, double width);
    square();
    
    ~square();
    
    double perimeter();
};

double square::perimeter() {
return 2*length + 2*width;
}

int main() {

square sq(4.0, 4.0);

cout << sq.perimeter() << endl;

return 0;
}

Type 5: Expected primary-expression before ‘word’

Example 1: All credits go to this thread.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

string userInput();
int wordLengthFunction(string word);
int permutation(int wordLength);

int main()
{
    string word = userInput();
    int wordLength = wordLengthFunction(string word);

    cout << word << " has " << permutation(wordLength) << " permutations." << endl;
    
    return 0;
}

string userInput()
{
    string word;

    cout << "Please enter a word: ";
    cin >> word;

    return word;
}
int wordLengthFunction(string word)
{
    int wordLength;

    wordLength = word.length();

    return wordLength;
}

int permutation(int wordLength)
{    
    if (wordLength == 1)
    {
        return wordLength;
    }
    else
    {
        return wordLength * permutation(wordLength - 1);
    }    
}

Solution 1:

Here, they are incorrectly using string inside wordLengthFunction().

Fixing it is simple, simply replace

int wordLength = wordLengthFunction(string word);

by

int wordLength = wordLengthFunction(word);

Type 6: Expected primary-expression before ‘else’

Example 1: All credit goes to this thread.

// Items for sale:
// Gizmos - Product number 0-999
// Widgets - Product number 1000-1999
// doohickeys - Product number 2000-2999
// thingamajigs - Product number 3000-3999
// Product number >3999 = Invalid Item

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

float ProdNumb; // Product Number

double PrG; // Product Number for Gizmo
double NG; // Number of items
double PG; // Price of Item

double PrW; // Product Number for Widgets
double NW; // Number of items
double PW; // Price of Item


double PrD; // Product Number for Doohickeys
double ND ; // Number of items
double PD ; // Price of Item


double PrT; // Product Number for Thingamajigs
double NT; // Number of items
double PT; // Price of Item


double PrI; //Product Number for Invalid (> 3999)
double NI; // Number of items
double PI; // Price of Item

double total = 0;

int main ()

{

cout << "Enter the product number of the item sold: ";
cin >> ProdNumb;

while (ProdNumb != -1)
{
if (ProdNumb >= 0 && ProdNumb <= 999)
{
	ProdNumb == PrG;
cout << "Enter the number of items sold: ";
cin >> NG;
cout << "Enter the price of one of the items sold: ";
cin >> PG;
}
cout << "Enter the product number of the item sold: ";
cin >> ProdNumb;

else (ProdNumb >= 1000 && ProdNumb <= 1999)
{
	ProdNumb == PrW;
cout << "Enter the number of items sold: ";
cin >> NW;
cout << "Enter the price of one of the items sold: ";
cin >> PW;	   


cout << "Enter the product number of the item sold: ";
cin >> ProdNumb;
}

else (ProdNumb >= 2000 && ProdNumb <= 2999)
{
	ProdNumb == PrD;
cout << "Enter the number of items sold: ";
cin >> ND;
cout << "Enter the price of one of the items sold: ";
cin >> PD;	   

cout << "Enter the product number of the item sold: ";
cin >> ProdNumb;
}

else (ProdNumb >= 3000 && ProdNumb <= 3999)
{
	ProdNumb == PrT;
cout << "Enter the number of items sold: ";
cin >> NT;
cout << "Enter the price of one of the items sold: ";
cin >> PT;


cout << "Enter the product number of the item sold: ";
cin >> ProdNumb;
}

else (ProdNumb <= -2 && ProdNumb == 0 && ProdNumb >= 4000)
{
	ProdNumb == PrI;
cout << "Enter the number of items sold: ";
cin >> NI;
cout << "Enter the price of one of the items sold: ";
cin >> PI;
				


cout << "Enter the product number of the item sold: ";
cin >> ProdNumb;
}
}

cout << "***** Product Sales Summary *****";
cout << "n";
cout << "n";

cout << "Gizmo Count: ";
total += NG;
cout << NG;
cout << "n";
cout << "Gizmo Sales Total: ";
cout << (NG)*(PG);
cout << "n";
cout << "n";

cout << "Widget Count: ";
total += NW;
cout << NW;
cout << "n";
cout << "Widget Sales Total: ";
cout << (NW)*(PW);
cout << "n";
cout << "n";

cout << "Dookickey Count: ";
total += ND;
cout << ND;
cout << "n";
cout << "Doohickey Sales Total: ";
cout << (ND)*(PD);
cout << "n";
cout << "n";

cout << "Thingamajig Count: ";
total += NT;
cout << NT;
cout << "n";
cout << "Thingamajig Sales Total: ";
cout << (NT)*(PT);
cout << "n";
cout << "n";

cout << "Invalid Sales: ";
total += NI;
cout << NI;

return 0;
}

Solution 1:

This code is not correct because after the if statement is closed with ‘}’ in this code, there are two statements before the else statement starts. There must not be any statements between the closing curly bracket ‘}’ of if statement and the else statement. It can be fixed by simply removing the part that I have marked in red.

Conclusion

And that’s it, I hope you were able to fix the expected primary-expression before error. This article wasn’t easy to write – I’m in no way an expert in C++, but I do know it to a decent level. I couldn’t find any articles related to fixing this error on the internet so I thought I’d write one myself. Answers that I read in forums helped me immensely while researching for this article and I’m thankful to the amazing community of programmers that we have built! If you would like to ask me anything, suggest any changes to this article or simply would like to write for us/collaborate with us, visit our Contact page. Thank you for reading, I hope you have an amazing day.

Also, tell me which one of the 6 types were you experiencing in the comments below.

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