- Remove From My Forums
-
Question
-
Hi,
recently i have configured Azure AD authentication in my MVC web project, using the VS2015 wizard.
Everything seems to work fine but, after some hours or a day, i receive an error that set the web unusable.Here the error details:
Exception message: Error occurred during a cryptographic operation. at System.Web.Security.Cryptography.HomogenizingCryptoServiceWrapper.HomogenizeErrors(Func`2 func, Byte[] input) at System.Web.Security.Cryptography.HomogenizingCryptoServiceWrapper.Unprotect(Byte[]
protectedData) at System.Web.Security.MachineKey.Unprotect(ICryptoServiceProvider cryptoServiceProvider, Byte[] protectedData, String[] purposes) at System.Web.Security.MachineKey.Unprotect(Byte[] protectedData, String[] purposes) at StWeb002.Models.ADALTokenCache..ctor(String
signedInUserId) at StWeb002.Startup.b__7_0(AuthorizationCodeReceivedNotification context) at Microsoft.Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectAuthenticationHandler.d__1a.MoveNext() — End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown
— at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw() at Microsoft.Owin.Security.OpenIdConnect.OpenIdConnectAuthenticationHandler.d__1a.MoveNext() — End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown — at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task
task) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationHandler.d__0.MoveNext() — End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown
— at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.d__0.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown — at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContextStage.d__5.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown — at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) at Microsoft.Owin.Security.Infrastructure.AuthenticationMiddleware`1.d__0.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown — at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContextStage.d__5.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown — at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.ThrowForNonSuccess(Task task) at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task) at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContext.d__2.MoveNext()
— End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown — at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.StageAsyncResult.End(IAsyncResult ar) at Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb.IntegratedPipeline.IntegratedPipelineContext.EndFinalWork(IAsyncResult
ar) at System.Web.HttpApplication.AsyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)The application becomes usable only after deleting records into the SQL table
UserTokenCaches.Other informations:
I have 3 «registered apps» in Azure used by 3 different web.config settings (Debug, Staging and Release) where i specify: ClientId, AADInstance, ClientSecret, Domain, TenantId, PostLogoutRedirectUriPlease, can you help me to solve this error?
Thank you
-
Edited by
Monday, December 12, 2016 10:26 AM
-
Edited by
Answers
-
-
Proposed as answer by
rasmusw
Wednesday, December 14, 2016 2:54 PM -
Marked as answer by
Matteo Pg
Thursday, December 29, 2016 10:31 AM
-
Proposed as answer by
Getting «CryptographicException: Error occurred during a cryptographic operation.» on macOS Mojave.
The project runs successfully under docker but not locally on mac.
.NET Core SDK (reflecting any global.json):
Version: 2.1.500
Commit: b68b931422
Runtime Environment:
OS Name: Mac OS X
OS Version: 10.14
OS Platform: Darwin
RID: osx.10.14-x64
Base Path: /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/2.1.500/
Host (useful for support):
Version: 2.1.6
Commit: 3f4f8eebd8
.NET Core SDKs installed:
1.0.0-preview1-002702 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk]
2.0.2 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk]
2.1.300-rc1-008673 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk]
2.1.300 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk]
2.1.302 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk]
2.1.500 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk]
.NET Core runtimes installed:
Microsoft.AspNetCore.All 2.1.0-rc1-final [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.All]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.All 2.1.0 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.All]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.All 2.1.2 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.All]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.All 2.1.6 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.All]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 2.1.0-rc1-final [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 2.1.0 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 2.1.2 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 2.1.6 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 1.0.0-rc2-3002702 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 2.0.0 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 2.1.0-rc1 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 2.1.0 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 2.1.2 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.NETCore.App 2.1.6 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]
To install additional .NET Core runtimes or SDKs:
https://aka.ms/dotnet-download
This is a real-edge case of working on the Windows platform. Beware.
Are you getting this stack trace?
“System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Error occurred during a cryptographic operation.”
[CryptographicException: Error occurred during a cryptographic operation.]
System.Web.Security.Cryptography.HomogenizingCryptoServiceWrapper.HomogenizeErrors(Func`2 func, Byte[] input) +115
System.Web.Security.Cryptography.HomogenizingCryptoServiceWrapper.Unprotect(Byte[] protectedData) +59
System.Web.Security.MachineKey.Unprotect(ICryptoServiceProvider cryptoServiceProvider, Byte[] protectedData, String[] purposes) +62
System.Web.Security.MachineKey.Unprotect(Byte[] protectedData, String[] purposes) +122
System.IdentityModel.Services.MachineKeyTransform.Decode(Byte[] encoded) +51
System.IdentityModel.Tokens.SessionSecurityTokenHandler.ApplyTransforms(Byte[] cookie, Boolean outbound) +123
System.IdentityModel.Tokens.SessionSecurityTokenHandler.ReadToken(XmlReader reader, SecurityTokenResolver tokenResolver) +575
System.IdentityModel.Tokens.SessionSecurityTokenHandler.ReadToken(Byte[] token, SecurityTokenResolver tokenResolver) +76
System.IdentityModel.Services.SessionAuthenticationModule.ReadSessionTokenFromCookie(Byte[] sessionCookie) +410
System.IdentityModel.Services.SessionAuthenticationModule.TryReadSessionTokenFromCookie(SessionSecurityToken& sessionToken) +187
System.IdentityModel.Services.SessionAuthenticationModule.OnAuthenticateRequest(Object sender, EventArgs eventArgs) +126
System.Web.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +136
System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +69
Is it working in Internet Explorer but not in any other browser? Then this post is for you.
This assumes you have a certificate that you have installed yourself. All in PowerShell now, you should be able to find it:
$ ls cert:localmachinemy
It gives me
Thumbprint Subject 89866139B5D499DFD04FE413E89351A9A2B8A922 CN=INDUCTION
in my case.
But going to https://induction in FireFox crashes. Now try:
$ netsh http show sslcert SSL Certificate bindings: ------------------------- IP:port : 0.0.0.0:443 ... Certificate Store Name : (null) ...
What you need to do in this case, is to re-register the certificate:
$ netsh http delete sslcert "ipport=0.0.0.0:443" $ netsh http add sslcert "ipport=0.0.0.0:443" "appid={$appId}" "certhash=$tp" "certstorename=MY"
$appId is a guid, $tp is the thumbprint (found by doing ‘ls cert:localmachinemy’). The important part here is “certstorename=MY”, because without it, you might get an error in HomogenizingCryptoServiceWrapper.Unprotect
– an interesting choice of name for that class for sure.
Now running:
$ netsh http show sslcert SSL Certificate bindings: ------------------------- IP:port : 0.0.0.0:443 ... Certificate Store Name : MY
Shows the problem to be solved.
Stephen
asked on 01 Sep 2017, 02:59 PM
Hi,
We’ve downloaded the latest version of the Telerik libraries — 2017.2.711.45 — and when we drop them into our web application we get the error
Error occurred during a cryptographic operation
with the stack trace pasted at the end of this message in our log files.
The error itself is pretty generic and suggested fixes include clearing the browser cache or tokens from the UserTokenCaches table. However, none of these solutions is working for us, so we’ve had to do a bit more digging.
What we’ve discovered is that this error is occuring on any page that uses the RadAsyncUpload control (we’re not sure that it’s only this control but other Telerik controls seem to be fine). It only happens with the 2017.2.711.45 libraries — if we copy back in the 2017.2.503.45 libraries our web application works again as normal.
We’ve tried recreating the problem in a simple web application but we can’t and our real web application is far too complex to whittle down to demonstrable size.
Any help would be appreciated.
Stephen.
2017-09-01 15:49:08,552 [33] [Admin] [pftilg0judh5r3uukzo3cyew] [(null)] ERROR UI.Web.Global — Application_Error : Unhandled exception.
System.Web.HttpUnhandledException (0x80004005): Exception of type ‘System.Web.HttpUnhandledException’ was thrown. —> System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException: Error occurred during a cryptographic operation.
at System.Web.Security.Cryptography.HomogenizingCryptoServiceWrapper.HomogenizeErrors(Func`2 func, Byte[] input)
at System.Web.Security.Cryptography.HomogenizingCryptoServiceWrapper.Protect(Byte[] clearData)
at System.Web.Security.MachineKey.Protect(ICryptoServiceProvider cryptoServiceProvider, Byte[] userData, String[] purposes)
at System.Web.Security.MachineKey.Protect(Byte[] userData, String[] purposes)
at Telerik.Web.UI.CryptoService.EncryptWithMachineKey(String clearText)
at Telerik.Web.UI.CryptoService.Encrypt(String plainString)
at Telerik.Web.UI.RadAsyncUpload.DescribeComponent(IScriptDescriptor descriptor)
at Telerik.Web.UI.RadWebControl.Telerik.Web.IControl.DescribeComponent(IScriptDescriptor descriptor)
at Telerik.Web.UI.ScriptRegistrar.GetScriptDescriptors(Control control)
at Telerik.Web.UI.RadWebControl.GetScriptDescriptors()
at Telerik.Web.UI.RadWebControl.System.Web.UI.IScriptControl.GetScriptDescriptors()
at System.Web.UI.ScriptControlManager.RegisterScriptDescriptors(IScriptControl scriptControl)
at Telerik.Web.UI.RadWebControl.RegisterScriptDescriptors()
at Telerik.Web.UI.RadWebControl.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)
at System.Web.UI.UpdatePanel.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.UpdatePanel.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.PageRequestManager.RenderFormCallback(HtmlTextWriter writer, Control containerControl)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)
at System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlForm.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlContainerControl.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlForm.Render(HtmlTextWriter output)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlForm.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.HtmlFormWrapper.System.Web.UI.IHtmlForm.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.PageRequestManager.RenderPageCallback(HtmlTextWriter writer, Control pageControl)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Page.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Adapters.ControlAdapter.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at Telerik.Web.UI.RadAjaxControl.RenderPageInAjaxMode(HtmlTextWriter writer, Control page)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildrenInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ICollection children)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderChildren(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Page.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Adapters.ControlAdapter.Render(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControlInternal(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer, ControlAdapter adapter)
at System.Web.UI.Control.RenderControl(HtmlTextWriter writer)
at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)
at System.Web.UI.Page.HandleError(Exception e)
at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)
at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint)
at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest()
at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestWithNoAssert(HttpContext context)
at System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
at ASP.members_framework_frameworklisting_aspx.ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) in c:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv4.0.30319Temporary ASP.NET Filesvs82ed21aae4b970d2App_Web_mg1k0qrw.1.cs:line 0
at System.Web.HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute()
at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)
two_oceans |
|
Статус: Эксперт Группы: Участники Сказал(а) «Спасибо»: 110 раз |
Автор: emejibka Спасибо, дешифрование ответа прошло без ошибок. Добрый день. Штатными методами и с ключом, это «расшифрование», а не «дешифрование». https://www.securitylab….sonal/Morning/351274.php Отредактировано пользователем 15 февраля 2022 г. 10:06:30(UTC) |
|
|
Владимир Сид |
|
Статус: Новичок Группы: Участники
|
Добрый день. Возникает конфликт System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll между NuGET пакетом и из сборки CoreFX через Reference. Когда подключаешь СМЭВ wcf то ставится пакет System.ServiceModel.Security, который включает в себя System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll и начинаются проблемы. Отредактировано пользователем 3 марта 2022 г. 16:29:41(UTC) |
|
|
Mekkeliard |
|
Статус: Новичок Группы: Участники
|
Добрый день. Цитата: var cmsSigner = new CmsSigner(_cert); Выпадает ошибка: Unable to load shared library ‘crypt32.dll’ or one of its dependencies. In order to help diagnose loading problems, consider setting the LD_DEBUG environment variable: libcrypt32.dll: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Конечно, crypt32 — библиотека из Windows, и ей не от куда взяться в Unix, но всё же может быть есть решение? |
|
|
Артём Макаров |
|
Статус: Сотрудник Группы: Участники Сказал(а) «Спасибо»: 4 раз |
Автор: Mekkeliard Добрый день. Цитата: var cmsSigner = new CmsSigner(_cert); Выпадает ошибка: Unable to load shared library ‘crypt32.dll’ or one of its dependencies. In order to help diagnose loading problems, consider setting the LD_DEBUG environment variable: libcrypt32.dll: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Конечно, crypt32 — библиотека из Windows, и ей не от куда взяться в Unix, но всё же может быть есть решение? Добрый день. Убедитесь, что используете корректный nuget пакет с рантаймом для unix (различные пакеты по win и unix). Подробнее — в инструкции к тестовому проекту (пункты 4 и 5). |
Техническую поддержку оказываем тут |
|
|
|
Andrey Poturaev |
|
Статус: Новичок Группы: Участники
|
Добрый день |
|
|
Владимир Сид |
|
Статус: Новичок Группы: Участники
|
Добрый день. В примерах по подключению к net core описан способ подключения Cryptography.Xml.dll, но если в проекте уже есть пакеты nuget, содержащие System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll, то подключить таким способом не получается: Как тогда подключить System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll от крипто про? |
|
|
Артём Макаров |
|
Статус: Сотрудник Группы: Участники Сказал(а) «Спасибо»: 4 раз |
Автор: Владимир Сид Добрый день. В примерах по подключению к net core описан способ подключения Cryptography.Xml.dll, но если в проекте уже есть пакеты nuget, содержащие System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll, то подключить таким способом не получается: Как тогда подключить System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll от крипто про? Добрый день. Не смогу подсказать в сожалению. Если зависимость, которая использует System.Security.Cryptography.Xml, с открытым кодом — возможно стоит попробовать пересобрать её с использованием System.Security.Cryptography.Xml из форка. |
Техническую поддержку оказываем тут |
|
|
|
Владимир Сид |
|
Статус: Новичок Группы: Участники
|
Автор: Артём Макаров Автор: Владимир Сид Добрый день. В примерах по подключению к net core описан способ подключения Cryptography.Xml.dll, но если в проекте уже есть пакеты nuget, содержащие System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll, то подключить таким способом не получается: Как тогда подключить System.Security.Cryptography.Xml.dll от крипто про? Добрый день. Не смогу подсказать в сожалению. Если зависимость, которая использует System.Security.Cryptography.Xml, с открытым кодом — возможно стоит попробовать пересобрать её с использованием System.Security.Cryptography.Xml из форка. Вот например NuGet пакет — System.ServiceModel.Http (4.9.0) Если даже просто его добавить в проект примера DotnetSampleProject, то ссылка на System.Security.Cryptography.Xml автоматически переключается на /user/.nuget/.. |
|
|
ZiCold |
|
Статус: Участник Группы: Участники
|
Автор: Артём Макаров Автор: ZiCold Добрый день! Возникла ошибка при попытке запустить приложение WebApi с CoreFx на сервере. Код:
Сам проект WebApi собирал согласно инструкции CoreFX инструкции. Всё на локальное машине работает. Добрый день. Каким образом и на какой операционной системе происходит попытка запуска приложения на сервере? upd: что то похожее было тут в начале https://github.com/CryptoPro/corefx/issues/29. Каким образом и на какой операционной системе происходит попытка запуска приложения на сервере? IIS + Windows увы пока не поддерживаем, ибо рантайм для IIS не в курсе нашего изменённого рантайма. |
|
|
Владимир Сид |
|
Статус: Новичок Группы: Участники
|
В текущей ситуации в мире стоит надеяться на выход под .Net6 ? |
|
|
Пользователи, просматривающие эту тему |
Guest |
Быстрый переход
Вы не можете создавать новые темы в этом форуме.
Вы не можете отвечать в этом форуме.
Вы не можете удалять Ваши сообщения в этом форуме.
Вы не можете редактировать Ваши сообщения в этом форуме.
Вы не можете создавать опросы в этом форуме.
Вы не можете голосовать в этом форуме.