Error values lists must all be the same length

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PostgreSQL VALUES Command Explained

In PostgreSQL, the VALUES command returns a set of one or more rows as a table. It’s a table value constructor that can be used as part of a larger command, or as a standalone SQL statement.

Syntax

The official syntax goes like this:

Example

Here’s a simple example to demonstrate how it works:

The resulting columns are implicitly named column1 , column2 , column3 and so on (although, this can be changed – see the SELECT statement option later in this article).

Each row is defined by one or more values enclosed within parentheses. When more than one row is specified, all the rows must have the same number of elements

Here’s another example:

The ORDER BY Clause

The syntax allows for the use of the ORDER BY clause in order to order the results.

The LIMIT Clause

We can use the LIMIT clause to limit the number of rows that are output:

The OFFSET Clause

Here’s an example of using the OFFSET clause with the VALUES command:

The FETCH Clause

Here’s an example of using the FETCH clause:

Within a SELECT Statement

We can also use the VALUES statement within a SELECT statement, as if the VALUES table constructor were an actual table:

Each Row Constructor Must Contain the Same Number of Values

Each row constructor in the same VALUES statement must have the same number of values in its value list.

Therefore, we can’t do this:

Using VALUES to Insert Data

We can use the VALUES statement in conjunction with the INSERT statement to insert data into a table.

That created a table called Idiots and inserted three rows into it.

We can now use a SELECT statement to see the new values in the table:

Источник

ValueError: All arrays must be of the same length — Pandas

In this tutorial, we’ll see how to solve Pandas error:

First, we’ll create an example of how to produce it. Next, we’ll explain the reason and finally, we’ll see how to fix it.

Example

Let’s try to create the following DataFrame:

this would cause:

Reason

The problem is that we try to create DataFrame from arrays with different length:

So we will get this error when we try to create a DataFrame with columns of different lengths.

So we need to use equal sized input arrays.

API errors

We can get this error often when we work with different API-s and try to create DataFrames from the results.

Investigate the input data and correct it if needed.

Solution

In order to solve the error we can change the array length.

A generic solution would be something like:

which will result into DataFrame like:

How does it work

First we create DataFrame from the existing data as index:

this result into:

Then we just transpose the results.

By using from_dict(orient=’index’) we can have different sized arrays as DataFrame input.

Since error: «ValueError: All arrays must be of the same length» suggest data inconsistency be sure that input data is correct.

Check if data is aligned correctly and can be used.

Conclusion

In this article, we saw how to investigate and solve error: «ValueError: All arrays must be of the same length».

Источник

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Common PHP 8.0 Compilation Error Messages

Common PHP 8.0 Compilation Error Messages

With PHP 8.0 closing on us, it is high time to check our code bases to see if they compile, at least. Here is a list of common PHP 8.0 compilation messages, and what do to with them.

The errors have been found on a corpus of 1756 PHP projects. Any emitted error was compared to the result of the PHP 7.4 compilation. This means that those errors are fatal in PHP 8, while they were absent, or a warning in PHP 7.4. In both cases, in PHP 7.4, it used to be possible to brush them under the carpet, but not in PHP 8.0 anymore.

Common PHP 8.0 compilation errors

• Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is no longer supported
• Unparenthesized a ? b : c ? d : e is not supported. Use either (a ? b : c) ? d : e or a ? b : (c ? d : e)
• __autoload() is no longer supported, use spl_autoload_register() instead
• Cannot use ‘parent’ when current class scope has no parent
• syntax error, unexpected ‘match’
• The (real) cast has been removed, use (float) instead
• The (unset) cast is no longer supported
• Declaration of A2::B($c, $d = 0) must be compatible with A1::B(&$c, $d = 0)
• Unterminated comment starting line

Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is no longer supported

Array and string offset access syntax with curly braces is no longer supported means that only the square bracket syntax is now valid.

Unparenthesized a ? b : c ? d : e is not supported. Use either (a ? b : c) ? d : e or a ? b : (c ? d : e)

Introduced in PHP 7.4, it is not possible to nest ternary operators. This is related to ternary being right associative, while most of the operators are left associative. PHP RFC: Deprecate left-associative ternary operators.

The error message is quite verbose : take advantage of it! Add some parenthesis, or even , split the nested operation into independent expressions. Exakat spots those with the rule Nested Ternary Without Parenthesis.

__autoload() is no longer supported, use splautoloadregister() instead

This error message might appear here thanks to very old applications. Or if they try to support very old PHP versions. In any case, the message is self-explanatory.

Cannot use ‘parent’ when current class scope has no parent

Using the parent keyword in a class without parent, a.k.a. without extends keyword, used to be a Deprecation Notice. In fact, the class would blow up during execution with a ‘Cannot access parent:: when current class scope has no parent’ Fatal error.

It is now a Fatal error at linting time. This will shorten significantly the time between the bug creation and its discovery.

As for the fix, there are lots of options, depending on how this parent keyword ended up there in the first place. Exakat spots those with the rule Class Without Parent.

syntax error, unexpected ‘match’

This is a consequence of the introduction of the match instruction in PHP. It is not possible to use that name in instantiation (new), use expressions, instanceof, typehints, functions, classes, interfaces, traits or constants. It is still OK inside a namespace, or for a variable name.

When match is used as a function name, it may lead to an error about commas : the main argument of the new match keyword only accept one argument, so no comma.

The only solution is to rename the classes, interfaces, traits, functions or constants with another name and update the use expressions accordingly.

The (real) cast has been removed, use (float) instead

All is said here. (real) is gone, long live (float) .

Just replace (real) by (float) . While you’re at it, you can replace is_real() by is_float() : is_real() didn’t make it into PHP 8.0. Exakat spots those with the rule Avoid Real.

The (unset) cast is no longer supported

The big brother of the unset function is a type cast (unset) . It used to be actually the typecast (null) (not in name, but in usage). Very little new about this, and it is a good thing : it is gone for good.

Exakat spots those with the rule Cast unset usage.

Declaration of A2::B($c, $d = 0) must be compatible with A1::B(&$c, $d = 0)

Checking for method compatibility used to be a warning in PHP 7, and it is now a Fatal error at linting time. The method signature in a parent and its child class must be compatible. It means a lot of different things, depending on visibility, reference, typehint, default values. It is worth a whole article by itself.

The important part is three folds : first, PHP 8.0 emits a Fatal error at compile time for that. So, your PHP 7.0 may hurt on 8.0. If you can fix it now.

The second important part is that it only works when PHP lints both classes (parent and child), in the same file, and in the right order : parent first, child second. Otherwise, PHP will only check the compatibility at execution time, and deliver a Fatal error at the worst moment.

The third important part is that compatibility between method signature doesn’t cover argument names. The following code is valid, and a major sleeping bug. Just notice that the variables have been swapped.

Exakat spots those with the following rules Incompatible Signature Methods, and Swapped arguments.

Unterminated comment starting line used to be a warning. It is now a parse error.

Just close the comment, and the code will be good again.

Compile with PHP 8.0 now!

PHP 8.0 moved a significant number of messages from Notice to Fatal errors, and, more importantly, from the execution phase to linting phase. This means that checking your current code with PHP 8.0 is sufficient to bring light on quirky pieces of code that will raise error when you want to upgrade to PHP 8.0. Simply fixing them will also improve your PHP 7.x code!

In the meantime, linting is as fast as it is superficial : it processes files individually, and postpone until execution some of the checks. Static analysis tools cover those situations, and report very early potential bugs and inconsistencies.

Install exakat and run the Migration audit on your code to get even better prepared for the Great Apparition of PHP 8.0. See you next month!

Источник

R ggplot2 Error: Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data

In this tutorial you’ll learn how to fix the error message “Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data” in the R programming language.

Table of contents:

Let’s start right away…

Example Data, Add-On Packages & Default Graph

As a first step, we’ll need to create some data that we can use in the examples later on:

data Example 1: Reproducing the Error: Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data

In Example 1, I’ll show how to replicate the error message “Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data” in R.

Have a look at the following R code:

ggplot(data, aes(x, y, fill = c(«red», «blue»))) + # Try to draw ggplot2 plot geom_bar(stat = «identity») # Error: Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data (5): fill

As you can see, the RStudio console returns the error “”Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data”.

The reason for this is that we have specified the fill argument within the aes function to be equal a vector of length 2 (i.e. c(“red”, “blue”)).

However, our example data has five categories and therefore doesn’t know which filling color should be used for which category.

Let’s solve this problem!

Example 2: Fixing the Error: Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data

This example shows how to deal with the ggplot2 error “Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data”.

As discussed before, we have to specify a filling color for each group in our data. The easiest way to do this is that we set fill to be equal to our grouping variable (i.e. x):

ggplot(data, aes(x, y, fill = x)) + # Properly drawing ggplot2 plot geom_bar(stat = «identity»)

As illustrated in Figure 1, the previous syntax created a ggplot2 barplot in R. Looks good!

Video & Further Resources

I have recently released a video on my YouTube channel, which shows the R programming syntax of this tutorial. Please find the video below:

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Furthermore, I can recommend to have a look at the other articles of my homepage.

Summary: You learned in this article how to handle the error “Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data” in R programming. In case you have any further questions, let me know in the comments.

Hi,
I was trying to do the following code, and it hasn’t worked out.
Could you please help me know, where I went wrong:
I have picked the inbuilt set mpg and also run the suitable packages.
I get the error: Error: Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data (234): x, y and fill

set.seed(10)
names Joachim

Your code works for me when I do the following changes:

• Replace mpg by data1
• Delete stat=”identity”

My final code looks like this:

And the resulting plot looks like this:

You should store all the relevant information for the plot within a single data frame, not in separate data objects.

You may create a data frame containing prev_CHD and age and run the code again based on this data frame.

Hello,
I am just trying to generate a GSEA plot via plotEnrichment(). I did the following:

plotEnrichment(examplePathways[[“5991130_Programmed_Cell_Death”]],
exampleRanks) + labs(title=”Programmed Cell Death”)

And I received this message:

Error in `check_aesthetics()`:
! Aesthetics must be either length 1 or the same as the data (1): x and xend
Run `rlang::last_error()` to see where the error occurred.

I am not sure how to resolve this. Please help. Thanks

I’m sorry for the delayed response, I’ve been on vacation for the last couple of days. Do you still need help with this error message?

Hi, I am trying to produce a forest plot for my regression analysis using the following code:

plot1 = ggplot(output6_0b[[8]] %>%
mutate(ci.lb = ifelse(ci.lb cutoff_upper,
cutoff_upper, ci.ub)) ) +
geom_point(aes(y = name, x = estimate),
shape = 18, size = 5) +
geom_errorbarh(aes(xmin = ci.lb, xmax = ci.ub,
y = name), height = 0.25) +
geom_vline(xintercept = 1, color = “red”,
linetype = “dashed”, cex = 1, alpha = 0.5) +
# scale_x_continuous(limit = c(1.01*cutoff_lower, 1.01*cutoff_upper) ) +
xlab(“Lnrr”) +
ylab(“”) +
theme_bw() +
theme(panel.border = element_blank(),
panel.background = element_blank(),
panel.grid.major = element_blank(),
panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
axis.line = element_line(colour = “black”),
axis.text.y = element_text(size = 12, colour = “black”),
axis.text.x.bottom = element_text(size = 12, colour = “black”),
axis.title.x = element_text(size = 12, colour = “black”))

This is difficult to tell without seeing your data. I assume output6_0b[[8]] is a data.frame object? Could you please share the output when you run the following code?

> head(output6_0b[[8]])
# A tibble: 4 × 7
name estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub

1 intrcpt 2.98 2.10 1.42 0.156 -1.13 7.09
2 duration_exp -0.0387 0.0226 -1.71 0.0868 -0.0830 0.00559
3 application_rate -0.00554 0.0140 -0.395 0.693 -0.0330 0.0220
4 fertilizer_app_rate 0.000688 0.000911 0.755 0.450 -0.00110 0.00247

> str(output6_0b[[8]])
tibble [4 × 7] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
$ name : chr [1:4] “intrcpt” “duration_exp” “application_rate” “fertilizer_app_rate”
$ estimate: num [1:4] 2.980461 -0.038696 -0.005538 0.000688
$ se : num [1:4] 2.098382 0.022598 0.014032 0.000911
$ zval : num [1:4] 1.42 -1.712 -0.395 0.755
$ pval : num [1:4] 0.1555 0.0868 0.6931 0.4502
$ ci.lb : num [1:4] -1.1323 -0.083 -0.033 -0.0011
$ ci.ub : num [1:4] 7.09321 0.00559 0.02196 0.00247

Thank you for the additional info.

I have tried to reproduce your data as shown below:

library(«dplyr») set.seed(367854) output6_0b # 1 b -0.298 1.40 0.748 1.54 0.854 -0.552 # 2 b -0.877 1.84 0.549 -1.15 0.712 -0.246 # 3 b -1.88 1.50 -1.07 0.0486 0.863 -1.68 # 4 d -0.593 -0.786 -0.523 -0.289 1.97 -1.45 # 5 b -0.162 0.234 1.68 -0.184 0.171 0.693 # 6 b -1.05 1.35 -0.229 0.134 -1.03 -1.23

However, when I now run the first lines of your code, I get an error due to the data object cutoff_upper. Where is this data object coming from?

Furthermore, it seems like there is something wrong with the specification of the ifelse function: ifelse(ci.lb cutoff_upper, cutoff_upper, ci.ub) Why is there a space between ci.lb & cutoff_upper?

Please try to make your question reproducible.

Источник

In PostgreSQL, the VALUES command returns a set of one or more rows as a table. It’s a table value constructor that can be used as part of a larger command, or as a standalone SQL statement.

Syntax

The official syntax goes like this:

VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
    [ ORDER BY sort_expression [ ASC | DESC | USING operator ] [, ...] ]
    [ LIMIT { count | ALL } ]
    [ OFFSET start [ ROW | ROWS ] ]
    [ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]

Example

Here’s a simple example to demonstrate how it works:

VALUES (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6);

Result:

+---------+---------+---------+
| column1 | column2 | column3 |
+---------+---------+---------+
|       1 |       2 |       3 |
|       4 |       5 |       6 |
+---------+---------+---------+

The resulting columns are implicitly named column1, column2, column3 and so on (although, this can be changed – see the SELECT statement option later in this article).

Each row is defined by one or more values enclosed within parentheses. When more than one row is specified, all the rows must have the same number of elements

Here’s another example:

VALUES ('Peter', 'Griffin'), ('Bart', 'Simpson');

Result:

+---------+---------+
| column1 | column2 |
+---------+---------+
| Peter   | Griffin |
| Bart    | Simpson |
+---------+---------+

The ORDER BY Clause

The syntax allows for the use of the ORDER BY clause in order to order the results.

Example:

VALUES (1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9) ORDER BY column1 DESC;

Result:

+---------+---------+---------+
| column1 | column2 | column3 |
+---------+---------+---------+
|       7 |       8 |       9 |
|       4 |       5 |       6 |
|       1 |       2 |       3 |
+---------+---------+---------+

The LIMIT Clause

We can use the LIMIT clause to limit the number of rows that are output:

VALUES 
    ('Peter', 'Griffin'), 
    ('Homer', 'Simpson'), 
    ('Ned', 'Flanders')
LIMIT 2;

Result:

+---------+---------+
| column1 | column2 |
+---------+---------+
| Peter   | Griffin |
| Homer   | Simpson |
+---------+---------+

The OFFSET Clause

Here’s an example of using the OFFSET clause with the VALUES command:

VALUES 
    (1, 'Peter', 'Griffin'), 
    (2, 'Homer', 'Simpson'), 
    (3, 'Ned', 'Flanders'), 
    (4, 'Barney', 'Rubble'), 
    (5, 'George', 'Costanza')
OFFSET 3;

Result:

+---------+---------+----------+
| column1 | column2 | column3  |
+---------+---------+----------+
|       4 | Barney  | Rubble   |
|       5 | George  | Costanza |
+---------+---------+----------+

The FETCH Clause

Here’s an example of using the FETCH clause:

VALUES 
    (1, 'Peter', 'Griffin'), 
    (2, 'Homer', 'Simpson'), 
    (3, 'Ned', 'Flanders'), 
    (4, 'Barney', 'Rubble'), 
    (5, 'George', 'Costanza')
FETCH FIRST 3 ROWS ONLY; 

Result:

+---------+---------+----------+
| column1 | column2 | column3  |
+---------+---------+----------+
|       1 | Peter   | Griffin  |
|       2 | Homer   | Simpson  |
|       3 | Ned     | Flanders |
+---------+---------+----------+

Within a SELECT Statement

We can also use the VALUES statement within a SELECT statement, as if the VALUES table constructor were an actual table:

SELECT
   FirstName,
   LastName
FROM
   (VALUES 
        (1, 'Peter', 'Griffin'), 
        (2, 'Homer', 'Simpson'), 
        (3, 'Ned', 'Flanders')
   ) AS Idiots(IdiotId, FirstName, LastName)
WHERE IdiotId = 2;

Result:

+-----------+----------+
| firstname | lastname |
+-----------+----------+
| Homer     | Simpson  |
+-----------+----------+

Each Row Constructor Must Contain the Same Number of Values

Each row constructor in the same VALUES statement must have the same number of values in its value list.

Therefore, we can’t do this:

VALUES (1, 2), (3);

Result:

ERROR:  VALUES lists must all be the same length
LINE 1: VALUES (1, 2), (3);
                        ^

Using VALUES to Insert Data

We can use the VALUES statement in conjunction with the INSERT statement to insert data into a table.

Example:

CREATE TABLE Idiots (
    IdiotId int,
    FirstName varchar(50),
    LastName varchar(50)
    );

INSERT INTO Idiots VALUES 
    (1, 'Peter', 'Griffin'), 
    (2, 'Homer', 'Simpson'), 
    (3, 'Ned', 'Flanders');

That created a table called Idiots and inserted three rows into it.

We can now use a SELECT statement to see the new values in the table:

SELECT * FROM Idiots;

Result:

+---------+-----------+----------+
| idiotid | firstname | lastname |
+---------+-----------+----------+
|       1 | Peter     | Griffin  |
|       2 | Homer     | Simpson  |
|       3 | Ned       | Flanders |
+---------+-----------+----------+