From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) response status codes. Status codes are issued by a server in response to a client’s request made to the server. It includes codes from IETF Request for Comments (RFCs), other specifications, and some additional codes used in some common applications of the HTTP. The first digit of the status code specifies one of five standard classes of responses. The optional message phrases shown are typical, but any human-readable alternative may be provided, or none at all.
Unless otherwise stated, the status code is part of the HTTP standard (RFC 9110).
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains the official registry of HTTP status codes.[1]
All HTTP response status codes are separated into five classes or categories. The first digit of the status code defines the class of response, while the last two digits do not have any classifying or categorization role. There are five classes defined by the standard:
- 1xx informational response – the request was received, continuing process
- 2xx successful – the request was successfully received, understood, and accepted
- 3xx redirection – further action needs to be taken in order to complete the request
- 4xx client error – the request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled
- 5xx server error – the server failed to fulfil an apparently valid request
1xx informational response
An informational response indicates that the request was received and understood. It is issued on a provisional basis while request processing continues. It alerts the client to wait for a final response. The message consists only of the status line and optional header fields, and is terminated by an empty line. As the HTTP/1.0 standard did not define any 1xx status codes, servers must not[note 1] send a 1xx response to an HTTP/1.0 compliant client except under experimental conditions.
- 100 Continue
- The server has received the request headers and the client should proceed to send the request body (in the case of a request for which a body needs to be sent; for example, a POST request). Sending a large request body to a server after a request has been rejected for inappropriate headers would be inefficient. To have a server check the request’s headers, a client must send
Expect: 100-continue
as a header in its initial request and receive a100 Continue
status code in response before sending the body. If the client receives an error code such as 403 (Forbidden) or 405 (Method Not Allowed) then it should not send the request’s body. The response417 Expectation Failed
indicates that the request should be repeated without theExpect
header as it indicates that the server does not support expectations (this is the case, for example, of HTTP/1.0 servers).[2] - 101 Switching Protocols
- The requester has asked the server to switch protocols and the server has agreed to do so.
- 102 Processing (WebDAV; RFC 2518)
- A WebDAV request may contain many sub-requests involving file operations, requiring a long time to complete the request. This code indicates that the server has received and is processing the request, but no response is available yet.[3] This prevents the client from timing out and assuming the request was lost.
- 103 Early Hints (RFC 8297)
- Used to return some response headers before final HTTP message.[4]
2xx success
This class of status codes indicates the action requested by the client was received, understood, and accepted.[1]
- 200 OK
- Standard response for successful HTTP requests. The actual response will depend on the request method used. In a GET request, the response will contain an entity corresponding to the requested resource. In a POST request, the response will contain an entity describing or containing the result of the action.
- 201 Created
- The request has been fulfilled, resulting in the creation of a new resource.[5]
- 202 Accepted
- The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The request might or might not be eventually acted upon, and may be disallowed when processing occurs.
- 203 Non-Authoritative Information (since HTTP/1.1)
- The server is a transforming proxy (e.g. a Web accelerator) that received a 200 OK from its origin, but is returning a modified version of the origin’s response.[6][7]
- 204 No Content
- The server successfully processed the request, and is not returning any content.
- 205 Reset Content
- The server successfully processed the request, asks that the requester reset its document view, and is not returning any content.
- 206 Partial Content
- The server is delivering only part of the resource (byte serving) due to a range header sent by the client. The range header is used by HTTP clients to enable resuming of interrupted downloads, or split a download into multiple simultaneous streams.
- 207 Multi-Status (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
- The message body that follows is by default an XML message and can contain a number of separate response codes, depending on how many sub-requests were made.[8]
- 208 Already Reported (WebDAV; RFC 5842)
- The members of a DAV binding have already been enumerated in a preceding part of the (multistatus) response, and are not being included again.
- 226 IM Used (RFC 3229)
- The server has fulfilled a request for the resource, and the response is a representation of the result of one or more instance-manipulations applied to the current instance.[9]
3xx redirection
This class of status code indicates the client must take additional action to complete the request. Many of these status codes are used in URL redirection.[1]
A user agent may carry out the additional action with no user interaction only if the method used in the second request is GET or HEAD. A user agent may automatically redirect a request. A user agent should detect and intervene to prevent cyclical redirects.[10]
- 300 Multiple Choices
- Indicates multiple options for the resource from which the client may choose (via agent-driven content negotiation). For example, this code could be used to present multiple video format options, to list files with different filename extensions, or to suggest word-sense disambiguation.
- 301 Moved Permanently
- This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI.
- 302 Found (Previously «Moved temporarily»)
- Tells the client to look at (browse to) another URL. The HTTP/1.0 specification (RFC 1945) required the client to perform a temporary redirect with the same method (the original describing phrase was «Moved Temporarily»),[11] but popular browsers implemented 302 redirects by changing the method to GET. Therefore, HTTP/1.1 added status codes 303 and 307 to distinguish between the two behaviours.[10]
- 303 See Other (since HTTP/1.1)
- The response to the request can be found under another URI using the GET method. When received in response to a POST (or PUT/DELETE), the client should presume that the server has received the data and should issue a new GET request to the given URI.
- 304 Not Modified
- Indicates that the resource has not been modified since the version specified by the request headers If-Modified-Since or If-None-Match. In such case, there is no need to retransmit the resource since the client still has a previously-downloaded copy.
- 305 Use Proxy (since HTTP/1.1)
- The requested resource is available only through a proxy, the address for which is provided in the response. For security reasons, many HTTP clients (such as Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer) do not obey this status code.
- 306 Switch Proxy
- No longer used. Originally meant «Subsequent requests should use the specified proxy.»
- 307 Temporary Redirect (since HTTP/1.1)
- In this case, the request should be repeated with another URI; however, future requests should still use the original URI. In contrast to how 302 was historically implemented, the request method is not allowed to be changed when reissuing the original request. For example, a POST request should be repeated using another POST request.
- 308 Permanent Redirect
- This and all future requests should be directed to the given URI. 308 parallel the behaviour of 301, but does not allow the HTTP method to change. So, for example, submitting a form to a permanently redirected resource may continue smoothly.
4xx client errors
This class of status code is intended for situations in which the error seems to have been caused by the client. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server should include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any request method. User agents should display any included entity to the user.
- 400 Bad Request
- The server cannot or will not process the request due to an apparent client error (e.g., malformed request syntax, size too large, invalid request message framing, or deceptive request routing).
- 401 Unauthorized
- Similar to 403 Forbidden, but specifically for use when authentication is required and has failed or has not yet been provided. The response must include a WWW-Authenticate header field containing a challenge applicable to the requested resource. See Basic access authentication and Digest access authentication. 401 semantically means «unauthorised», the user does not have valid authentication credentials for the target resource.
- Some sites incorrectly issue HTTP 401 when an IP address is banned from the website (usually the website domain) and that specific address is refused permission to access a website.[citation needed]
- 402 Payment Required
- Reserved for future use. The original intention was that this code might be used as part of some form of digital cash or micropayment scheme, as proposed, for example, by GNU Taler,[13] but that has not yet happened, and this code is not widely used. Google Developers API uses this status if a particular developer has exceeded the daily limit on requests.[14] Sipgate uses this code if an account does not have sufficient funds to start a call.[15] Shopify uses this code when the store has not paid their fees and is temporarily disabled.[16] Stripe uses this code for failed payments where parameters were correct, for example blocked fraudulent payments.[17]
- 403 Forbidden
- The request contained valid data and was understood by the server, but the server is refusing action. This may be due to the user not having the necessary permissions for a resource or needing an account of some sort, or attempting a prohibited action (e.g. creating a duplicate record where only one is allowed). This code is also typically used if the request provided authentication by answering the WWW-Authenticate header field challenge, but the server did not accept that authentication. The request should not be repeated.
- 404 Not Found
- The requested resource could not be found but may be available in the future. Subsequent requests by the client are permissible.
- 405 Method Not Allowed
- A request method is not supported for the requested resource; for example, a GET request on a form that requires data to be presented via POST, or a PUT request on a read-only resource.
- 406 Not Acceptable
- The requested resource is capable of generating only content not acceptable according to the Accept headers sent in the request. See Content negotiation.
- 407 Proxy Authentication Required
- The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy.
- 408 Request Timeout
- The server timed out waiting for the request. According to HTTP specifications: «The client did not produce a request within the time that the server was prepared to wait. The client MAY repeat the request without modifications at any later time.»
- 409 Conflict
- Indicates that the request could not be processed because of conflict in the current state of the resource, such as an edit conflict between multiple simultaneous updates.
- 410 Gone
- Indicates that the resource requested was previously in use but is no longer available and will not be available again. This should be used when a resource has been intentionally removed and the resource should be purged. Upon receiving a 410 status code, the client should not request the resource in the future. Clients such as search engines should remove the resource from their indices. Most use cases do not require clients and search engines to purge the resource, and a «404 Not Found» may be used instead.
- 411 Length Required
- The request did not specify the length of its content, which is required by the requested resource.
- 412 Precondition Failed
- The server does not meet one of the preconditions that the requester put on the request header fields.
- 413 Payload Too Large
- The request is larger than the server is willing or able to process. Previously called «Request Entity Too Large» in RFC 2616.[18]
- 414 URI Too Long
- The URI provided was too long for the server to process. Often the result of too much data being encoded as a query-string of a GET request, in which case it should be converted to a POST request. Called «Request-URI Too Long» previously in RFC 2616.[19]
- 415 Unsupported Media Type
- The request entity has a media type which the server or resource does not support. For example, the client uploads an image as image/svg+xml, but the server requires that images use a different format.
- 416 Range Not Satisfiable
- The client has asked for a portion of the file (byte serving), but the server cannot supply that portion. For example, if the client asked for a part of the file that lies beyond the end of the file. Called «Requested Range Not Satisfiable» previously RFC 2616.[20]
- 417 Expectation Failed
- The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field.[21]
- 418 I’m a teapot (RFC 2324, RFC 7168)
- This code was defined in 1998 as one of the traditional IETF April Fools’ jokes, in RFC 2324, Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol, and is not expected to be implemented by actual HTTP servers. The RFC specifies this code should be returned by teapots requested to brew coffee.[22] This HTTP status is used as an Easter egg in some websites, such as Google.com’s «I’m a teapot» easter egg.[23][24][25] Sometimes, this status code is also used as a response to a blocked request, instead of the more appropriate 403 Forbidden.[26][27]
- 421 Misdirected Request
- The request was directed at a server that is not able to produce a response (for example because of connection reuse).
- 422 Unprocessable Entity
- The request was well-formed but was unable to be followed due to semantic errors.[8]
- 423 Locked (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
- The resource that is being accessed is locked.[8]
- 424 Failed Dependency (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
- The request failed because it depended on another request and that request failed (e.g., a PROPPATCH).[8]
- 425 Too Early (RFC 8470)
- Indicates that the server is unwilling to risk processing a request that might be replayed.
- 426 Upgrade Required
- The client should switch to a different protocol such as TLS/1.3, given in the Upgrade header field.
- 428 Precondition Required (RFC 6585)
- The origin server requires the request to be conditional. Intended to prevent the ‘lost update’ problem, where a client GETs a resource’s state, modifies it, and PUTs it back to the server, when meanwhile a third party has modified the state on the server, leading to a conflict.[28]
- 429 Too Many Requests (RFC 6585)
- The user has sent too many requests in a given amount of time. Intended for use with rate-limiting schemes.[28]
- 431 Request Header Fields Too Large (RFC 6585)
- The server is unwilling to process the request because either an individual header field, or all the header fields collectively, are too large.[28]
- 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons (RFC 7725)
- A server operator has received a legal demand to deny access to a resource or to a set of resources that includes the requested resource.[29] The code 451 was chosen as a reference to the novel Fahrenheit 451 (see the Acknowledgements in the RFC).
5xx server errors
The server failed to fulfil a request.
Response status codes beginning with the digit «5» indicate cases in which the server is aware that it has encountered an error or is otherwise incapable of performing the request. Except when responding to a HEAD request, the server should include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and indicate whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. Likewise, user agents should display any included entity to the user. These response codes are applicable to any request method.
- 500 Internal Server Error
- A generic error message, given when an unexpected condition was encountered and no more specific message is suitable.
- 501 Not Implemented
- The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfil the request. Usually this implies future availability (e.g., a new feature of a web-service API).
- 502 Bad Gateway
- The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server.
- 503 Service Unavailable
- The server cannot handle the request (because it is overloaded or down for maintenance). Generally, this is a temporary state.[30]
- 504 Gateway Timeout
- The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server.
- 505 HTTP Version Not Supported
- The server does not support the HTTP version used in the request.
- 506 Variant Also Negotiates (RFC 2295)
- Transparent content negotiation for the request results in a circular reference.[31]
- 507 Insufficient Storage (WebDAV; RFC 4918)
- The server is unable to store the representation needed to complete the request.[8]
- 508 Loop Detected (WebDAV; RFC 5842)
- The server detected an infinite loop while processing the request (sent instead of 208 Already Reported).
- 510 Not Extended (RFC 2774)
- Further extensions to the request are required for the server to fulfill it.[32]
- 511 Network Authentication Required (RFC 6585)
- The client needs to authenticate to gain network access. Intended for use by intercepting proxies used to control access to the network (e.g., «captive portals» used to require agreement to Terms of Service before granting full Internet access via a Wi-Fi hotspot).[28]
Unofficial codes
The following codes are not specified by any standard.
- 419 Page Expired (Laravel Framework)
- Used by the Laravel Framework when a CSRF Token is missing or expired.
- 420 Method Failure (Spring Framework)
- A deprecated response used by the Spring Framework when a method has failed.[33]
- 420 Enhance Your Calm (Twitter)
- Returned by version 1 of the Twitter Search and Trends API when the client is being rate limited; versions 1.1 and later use the 429 Too Many Requests response code instead.[34] The phrase «Enhance your calm» comes from the 1993 movie Demolition Man, and its association with this number is likely a reference to cannabis.[citation needed]
- 430 Request Header Fields Too Large (Shopify)
- Used by Shopify, instead of the 429 Too Many Requests response code, when too many URLs are requested within a certain time frame.[35]
- 450 Blocked by Windows Parental Controls (Microsoft)
- The Microsoft extension code indicated when Windows Parental Controls are turned on and are blocking access to the requested webpage.[36]
- 498 Invalid Token (Esri)
- Returned by ArcGIS for Server. Code 498 indicates an expired or otherwise invalid token.[37]
- 499 Token Required (Esri)
- Returned by ArcGIS for Server. Code 499 indicates that a token is required but was not submitted.[37]
- 509 Bandwidth Limit Exceeded (Apache Web Server/cPanel)
- The server has exceeded the bandwidth specified by the server administrator; this is often used by shared hosting providers to limit the bandwidth of customers.[38]
- 529 Site is overloaded
- Used by Qualys in the SSLLabs server testing API to signal that the site can’t process the request.[39]
- 530 Site is frozen
- Used by the Pantheon Systems web platform to indicate a site that has been frozen due to inactivity.[40]
- 598 (Informal convention) Network read timeout error
- Used by some HTTP proxies to signal a network read timeout behind the proxy to a client in front of the proxy.[41]
- 599 Network Connect Timeout Error
- An error used by some HTTP proxies to signal a network connect timeout behind the proxy to a client in front of the proxy.
Internet Information Services
Microsoft’s Internet Information Services (IIS) web server expands the 4xx error space to signal errors with the client’s request.
- 440 Login Time-out
- The client’s session has expired and must log in again.[42]
- 449 Retry With
- The server cannot honour the request because the user has not provided the required information.[43]
- 451 Redirect
- Used in Exchange ActiveSync when either a more efficient server is available or the server cannot access the users’ mailbox.[44] The client is expected to re-run the HTTP AutoDiscover operation to find a more appropriate server.[45]
IIS sometimes uses additional decimal sub-codes for more specific information,[46] however these sub-codes only appear in the response payload and in documentation, not in the place of an actual HTTP status code.
nginx
The nginx web server software expands the 4xx error space to signal issues with the client’s request.[47][48]
- 444 No Response
- Used internally[49] to instruct the server to return no information to the client and close the connection immediately.
- 494 Request header too large
- Client sent too large request or too long header line.
- 495 SSL Certificate Error
- An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has provided an invalid client certificate.
- 496 SSL Certificate Required
- An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when a client certificate is required but not provided.
- 497 HTTP Request Sent to HTTPS Port
- An expansion of the 400 Bad Request response code, used when the client has made a HTTP request to a port listening for HTTPS requests.
- 499 Client Closed Request
- Used when the client has closed the request before the server could send a response.
Cloudflare
Cloudflare’s reverse proxy service expands the 5xx series of errors space to signal issues with the origin server.[50]
- 520 Web Server Returned an Unknown Error
- The origin server returned an empty, unknown, or unexpected response to Cloudflare.[51]
- 521 Web Server Is Down
- The origin server refused connections from Cloudflare. Security solutions at the origin may be blocking legitimate connections from certain Cloudflare IP addresses.
- 522 Connection Timed Out
- Cloudflare timed out contacting the origin server.
- 523 Origin Is Unreachable
- Cloudflare could not reach the origin server; for example, if the DNS records for the origin server are incorrect or missing.
- 524 A Timeout Occurred
- Cloudflare was able to complete a TCP connection to the origin server, but did not receive a timely HTTP response.
- 525 SSL Handshake Failed
- Cloudflare could not negotiate a SSL/TLS handshake with the origin server.
- 526 Invalid SSL Certificate
- Cloudflare could not validate the SSL certificate on the origin web server. Also used by Cloud Foundry’s gorouter.
- 527 Railgun Error
- Error 527 indicates an interrupted connection between Cloudflare and the origin server’s Railgun server.[52]
- 530
- Error 530 is returned along with a 1xxx error.[53]
AWS Elastic Load Balancer
Amazon’s Elastic Load Balancing adds a few custom return codes
- 460
- Client closed the connection with the load balancer before the idle timeout period elapsed. Typically when client timeout is sooner than the Elastic Load Balancer’s timeout.[54]
- 463
- The load balancer received an X-Forwarded-For request header with more than 30 IP addresses.[54]
- 561 Unauthorized
- An error around authentication returned by a server registered with a load balancer. You configured a listener rule to authenticate users, but the identity provider (IdP) returned an error code when authenticating the user.[55]
Caching warning codes (obsoleted)
The following caching related warning codes were specified under RFC 7234. Unlike the other status codes above, these were not sent as the response status in the HTTP protocol, but as part of the «Warning» HTTP header.[56][57]
Since this «Warning» header is often neither sent by servers nor acknowledged by clients, this header and its codes were obsoleted by the HTTP Working Group in 2022 with RFC 9111.[58]
- 110 Response is Stale
- The response provided by a cache is stale (the content’s age exceeds a maximum age set by a Cache-Control header or heuristically chosen lifetime).
- 111 Revalidation Failed
- The cache was unable to validate the response, due to an inability to reach the origin server.
- 112 Disconnected Operation
- The cache is intentionally disconnected from the rest of the network.
- 113 Heuristic Expiration
- The cache heuristically chose a freshness lifetime greater than 24 hours and the response’s age is greater than 24 hours.
- 199 Miscellaneous Warning
- Arbitrary, non-specific warning. The warning text may be logged or presented to the user.
- 214 Transformation Applied
- Added by a proxy if it applies any transformation to the representation, such as changing the content encoding, media type or the like.
- 299 Miscellaneous Persistent Warning
- Same as 199, but indicating a persistent warning.
See also
- Custom error pages
- List of FTP server return codes
- List of HTTP header fields
- List of SMTP server return codes
- Common Log Format
Explanatory notes
- ^ Emphasised words and phrases such as must and should represent interpretation guidelines as given by RFC 2119
References
- ^ a b c «Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Status Code Registry». Iana.org. Archived from the original on December 11, 2011. Retrieved January 8, 2015.
- ^ «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 10.1.1 «Expect»«.
- ^ Goland, Yaronn; Whitehead, Jim; Faizi, Asad; Carter, Steve R.; Jensen, Del (February 1999). HTTP Extensions for Distributed Authoring – WEBDAV. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2518. RFC 2518. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
- ^ Oku, Kazuho (December 2017). An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC8297. RFC 8297. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
- ^ Stewart, Mark; djna. «Create request with POST, which response codes 200 or 201 and content». Stack Overflow. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ^ «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15.3.4».
- ^ «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 7.7».
- ^ a b c d e Dusseault, Lisa, ed. (June 2007). HTTP Extensions for Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC4918. RFC 4918. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
- ^ Delta encoding in HTTP. IETF. January 2002. doi:10.17487/RFC3229. RFC 3229. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
- ^ a b «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15.4 «Redirection 3xx»«.
- ^ Berners-Lee, Tim; Fielding, Roy T.; Nielsen, Henrik Frystyk (May 1996). Hypertext Transfer Protocol – HTTP/1.0. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC1945. RFC 1945. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
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- ^ «Stripe API Reference – Errors». stripe.com. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
- ^ «RFC2616 on status 413». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ «RFC2616 on status 414». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ «RFC2616 on status 416». Tools.ietf.org. Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
- ^ TheDeadLike. «HTTP/1.1 Status Codes 400 and 417, cannot choose which». serverFault. Archived from the original on October 10, 2015. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
- ^ Larry Masinter (April 1, 1998). Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol (HTCPCP/1.0). doi:10.17487/RFC2324. RFC 2324.
Any attempt to brew coffee with a teapot should result in the error code «418 I’m a teapot». The resulting entity body MAY be short and stout.
- ^ I’m a teapot
- ^ Barry Schwartz (August 26, 2014). «New Google Easter Egg For SEO Geeks: Server Status 418, I’m A Teapot». Search Engine Land. Archived from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.
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- ^ «I Went to a Russian Website and All I Got Was This Lousy Teapot». PCMag. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
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- ^ Nielsen, Henrik Frystyk; Leach, Paul; Lawrence, Scott (February 2000). An HTTP Extension Framework. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC2774. RFC 2774. Retrieved October 24, 2009.
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- ^ «SSL Labs API v3 Documentation». github.com.
- ^ «Platform Considerations | Pantheon Docs». pantheon.io. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
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- ^
«Error message when you try to log on to Exchange 2007 by using Outlook Web Access: «440 Login Time-out»«. Microsoft. 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2013. - ^ «2.2.6 449 Retry With Status Code». Microsoft. 2009. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved October 26, 2009.
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- ^ «The HTTP status codes in IIS 7.0». Microsoft. July 14, 2009. Archived from the original on April 9, 2009. Retrieved April 1, 2009.
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- ^ «Error 520: web server returns an unknown error». Cloudflare. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ^ «527 Error: Railgun Listener to origin error». Cloudflare. Archived from the original on October 13, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
- ^ «Error 530». Cloudflare. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- ^ a b «Troubleshoot Your Application Load Balancers – Elastic Load Balancing». docs.aws.amazon.com. Retrieved August 27, 2019.
- ^ «Troubleshoot your Application Load Balancers — Elastic Load Balancing». docs.aws.amazon.com. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
- ^ «Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Caching». datatracker.ietf.org. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
- ^ «Warning — HTTP | MDN». developer.mozilla.org. Retrieved August 15, 2021.
Some text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.5) license.
- ^ «RFC 9111: HTTP Caching, Section 5.5 «Warning»«. June 2022.
External links
- «RFC 9110: HTTP Semantics and Content, Section 15 «Status Codes»«.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Status Code Registry
Posted in Performance by WP Engine
Last updated on November 16th, 2022
These days, encountering errors on the web isn’t as common as it used to be. However, you’ll still run into problems on your site occasionally. Unless you understand what each HTTP error code means, you may end up losing traffic because of it.
The good news is that each HTTP 400 code is specific to a certain type of error. If you know what the underlying problem is, you should be able to circumvent or fix it (if possible). This ensures that both you and visitors to your site will have a smooth and trouble-free experience.
In this guide, we’re going to walk you through many of the HTTP error codes within the 400 family. We’ll talk about what each code means, why it occurs, and how you can fix it. Let’s get to work!
Types of HTTP 400 Errors
At the moment, there are over 20 types of 400 HTTP error codes. Don’t let that scare you, though – most of them are fairly rare. However, it can be handy to know what they each mean, or to simply have a cheat sheet (like this guide) available when needed.
Before we go any further, let’s talk about what 400 errors actually are. The 400 family of codes are issues that originate on the client’s end of a connection. That means your server isn’t at fault when you run into any of these codes.
Now, let’s look at each 400 error code in turn, and discuss what it means – and what to do about it if a solution exists.
400 Bad Request Error
This is one of the most common types of 400 errors, because it has a lot of potential causes. Essentially, the 400 Bad Request error will pop up when your web server can’t process a request body due to some mistake on the client’s end. This can happen because of an invalid URL, malformed syntax, and other reasons.
Since there are so many potential causes for a bad request error, there are also a lot of fixes for it. For example, you can check for misspellings in the URL you typed, clear your cookies, or empty your cache. If none of those methods work, the error will often clear up on its own if you simply try loading the website at a later time.
401 Unauthorized
In contrast to the previous issue, the 401 error code is highly specific. It will only appear when your client isn’t authorized to access the URL you’re attempting to visit.
In practice, this can happen for several reasons. Your IP address might be banned from that website, which some sites do automatically to protect themselves against attacks. You may also need to clear your cookies to resolve the authentication error, and then log out and in to the website again.
Should that fail, emptying your cache might also do the trick. However, if the error persists, you might have to contact your web host to see if your IP has been banned from accessing the site for some reason.
402 Payment Request
The 402 Payment Request code is one of the most interesting in the 400 family. You should almost never run into this error in the wild, because it’s reserved for use with micropayment schemes, which aren’t widely available yet.
In practice, some services use this error code for different reasons. For example, the Google Developer API uses it to limit the number of daily requests you can make from its API. Still, this isn’t an error that you should ever need to address personally.
403 Forbidden
The HTTP 403 code is an error you’re likely to run into at some point, because it has many possible causes. 403 Forbidden tells you that the server is refusing your requested resource for one reason or another, and the underlying cause is on your end.
For example, if you need authentication to access a specific page, the server might respond with a 403 Forbidden error code. The same thing might also happen if someone tries to access your website’s directory, and you’ve blocked listing for it.
In any case, there’s usually a good reason you can’t access the resource you want. So this is a type of error you might not be able to circumvent.
404 Not Found
HTTP status code 404 is by far the most common of all the errors in this guide. When you run into this error, it means that the user agent was able to establish a connection to the site’s server, but couldn’t find what it was looking for.
In other words, error 404 is what occurs when you try to visit a page that doesn’t exist. That usually happens because the URL was mistyped, the page changed its address, or the website you’re trying to visit isn’t there anymore.
405 Method Not Allowed
From this point onwards, we’re moving into the realm of more obscure 400 error codes. Error 405, for example, occurs when your client connects to a server, but the request can’t be completed because you’re using the incorrect HTTP method.
Although this error is fairly uncommon, you may run into it if you’re using a Content Management System (CMS) and you make changes to its PHP code. In our experience, it can also be the result of installing new plugins, modules, or extensions. If this error persists, we recommend restoring your site to a recent backup, since tracing its source can be very complex.
406 Not Acceptable
In practice, this error is fairly similar to HTTP status 405. Error 406 will occur when your client requests a response using an Accept header, and the server on the other end can’t fulfill it.
To put this in layman terms, when your client makes an Accept request, it specifies what type of character set, language, or file type it needs. If the server can’t provide a response body that ‘matches’ that request, you’re likely to see the 406 Not Acceptable error.
Just as with error 405, troubleshooting the cause of this response code can be highly complex. With that in mind, your best bet is reverting to a recent backup of your website.
407 Proxy Authentication Required
As far as 400 error codes go, this one is fairly straightforward. It shows up when you try to connect to a server, but your client can’t complete the process because it lacks authentication from a proxy that’s acting as a middleman.
In our experience, the most common cause of this error is when you’re trying to access an incorrect URL that requires specific authorization. If you do have access to a proxy server that you use for your website, however, you may simply need to log into it separately before trying to access the URL once more.
408 Request Timeout
When you try to access a website, your client connects with its server and requests that it send the information needed to display that site. However, sometimes your client won’t make the necessary requests within a reasonable timeframe. That often results in the 408 Request Timeout error.
Since this is a client-side error, your best strategy is simply to reload the page you were trying to access in the first place. The 408 Request Timeout will usually go away on its own, unless your internet connection is experiencing problems.
409 Conflict
This is one of the most interesting codes within the 400 error family. It usually occurs when you try to create or modify a folder, but the instructions your client sends to the server conflict with existing rules.
For example, if the server thinks you’re trying to update a file that already exists, but the version you’re putting up is older, that will often result in a 409 error. This may also happen when you’re trying to rename a file, create a directory, and in similar situations. In most cases, you can sidestep the problem by modifying the type of HTTP request that your client makes to the server.
410 Gone
410 error codes are mostly intended for Search Engine Optimization (SEO) purposes. What this code tells you is that the resource you’re trying to access is gone, and it’s probably not coming back.
From the perspective of an end user, the 404 and 410 error codes might as well be the same thing. They both tell you that the resource you’re looking for isn’t there. However, code 410 also lets search engines know that they shouldn’t continue to crawl and list that page.
411 Length Required
This is another example of a highly-specific 400 error code. The 411 Length Required error appears when a client makes a request without indicating the length of its content.
Usually, you won’t run into this error while browsing the web. Instead, the 411 Length Required error tends to pop up when you’re making a request header through an API. To solve it, you may need to modify the request method itself.
412 Precondition Failed
In some cases, when your client makes a request to a server, that request can come with some conditions attached. For example, the request might include an If-Unmodified-Since header, and if the server can’t fulfill the criteria, you’ll see the 412 Precondition Failed message.
This is another example of a client error that most people don’t encounter while simply browsing the web. If you’re working with an API or something similar, you might need to modify your request so the server can meet its preconditions.
413 Payload Too Large
When your client makes a request to a server, it receives data in return. However, there’s a limit to the amount of data that any given server can process at one time.
If you see this error, it means the server can’t or won’t process your request, because it involves too much information. The request itself will need to be simplified if it’s going to work properly.
414 Request-URI Too Long
First, it’s important to understand that a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) isn’t the same as a URL. To put it another way, all URLs are URIs, but not all URIs are URLs.
Semantics aside, the 414 Request-URI Too Long error usually occurs when an URL is too long for a simple GET request. In these cases, you’ll need to submit a POST request instead.
415 Unsupported Media Type
As far as 400 error codes go, this one is fairly straightforward. Not all servers support every file type. This means that, in some cases, you might try to upload a file only for the end server to reject it. This will trigger the 415 Unsupported Media Type error.
To sidestep this problem, you can try to upload the file in a type the server does support. If that’s not possible, you’ll need to change your server’s configuration so that it supports the file types you require.
416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable
In some cases, a client will make a request for a specific portion of a file, which is referred to as a ‘range’. If that range exists, the server should return it promptly. However, if there’s an error in the request (for example, if it’s asking for part of a file that doesn’t exist) the server will return the 416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable error instead.
This is another example of an internal server error you might run into while working with an API or making highly specific requests to a server. To solve it, all you have to do is modify the range of your request, so the server can fulfill it.
417 Expectation Failed
With HTTP, you can check to see if a server can accept your request before you send it. To do that, you’ll use something called an Expect header. If the origin server can’t accept your request, it will respond with a 417 Expectation Failed error message.
In practice, there are several reasons a server might refuse a request. For example, it might be an issue with proxies or with your client’s permissions. In any case, we recommend clearing your cache and cookies, before trying to connect to the server again.
429 TOO MANY REQUESTS
This error will be returned if our system detects that an excessive number of requests have been made from your IP address.
If you encounter this error, trying the site again after a few seconds should allow you to gain access normally. For any persisting errors of this type, please contact our Support team so they can work with you to ensure that requests from your network can be served properly.
Provide the Optimal Site Experience with WP Engine
One of the easiest ways to avoid running into HTTP error codes is to use a reliable web host. With a solid hosting infrastructure in place, you should be able to avoid server-side HTTP errors and similar problems.
With the right provider, you can also get access to a world-class support team (like ours!), which can help you troubleshoot any HTTP error codes quickly. Check out our plans if you’re interested in providing a better digital experience!
Ошибка 400 Bad Request – это код ответа HTTP, который означает, что сервер не смог обработать запрос, отправленный клиентом из-за неверного синтаксиса. Подобные коды ответа HTTP отражают сложные взаимоотношения между клиентом, веб-приложением, сервером, а также зачастую сразу несколькими сторонними веб-сервисами. Из-за этого поиск причины появления ошибки может быть затруднён даже внутри контролируемой среды разработки.
В этой статье мы разберём, что значит ошибка 400 Bad Request (переводится как «Неверный запрос»), и как ее исправить
- На стороне сервера или на стороне клиента?
- Начните с тщательного резервного копирования приложения
- Диагностика ошибки 400 Bad Request
- Исправление проблем на стороне клиента
- Проверьте запрошенный URL
- Очистите соответствующие куки
- Загрузка файла меньшего размера
- Выйдите и войдите
- Отладка на распространённых платформах
- Откатите последние изменения
- Удалите новые расширения, модули или плагины
- Проверьте непреднамеренные изменения в базе данных
- Поиск проблем на стороне сервера
- Проверка на неверные заголовки HTTP
- Просмотрите логи
- Отладьте код приложения или скриптов
Все коды ответа HTTP из категории 4xx считаются ошибками на стороне клиента. Несмотря на это, появление ошибки 4xx не обязательно означает, что проблема как-то связана с клиентом, под которым понимается веб-браузер или устройство, используемое для доступа к приложению. Зачастую, если вы пытаетесь диагностировать проблему со своим приложением, можно сразу игнорировать большую часть клиентского кода и компонентов, таких как HTML, каскадные таблицы стилей (CSS), клиентский код JavaScript и т.п. Это также применимо не только к сайтам. Многие приложения для смартфонов, которые имеют современный пользовательский интерфейс, представляют собой веб-приложения.
С другой стороны, ошибка 400 Bad Request означает, что запрос, присланный клиентом, был неверным по той или иной причине. Пользовательский клиент может попытаться загрузить слишком большой файл, запрос может быть неверно сформирован, заголовки HTTP запроса могут быть неверными и так далее.
Мы рассмотрим некоторые из этих сценариев (и потенциальные решения) ниже. Но имейте в виду: мы не можем однозначно исключить ни клиент, ни сервер в качестве источника проблемы. В этих случаях сервер является сетевым объектом, генерирующим ошибку 400 Bad Request и возвращающим её как код ответа HTTP клиенту, но возможно именно клиент ответственен за возникновение проблемы.
Важно сделать полный бэкап вашего приложения, базы данных и т.п. прежде, чем вносить какие-либо правки или изменения в систему. Ещё лучше, если есть возможность создать полную копию приложения на дополнительном промежуточном сервере, который недоступен публично.
Подобный подход обеспечит чистую тестовую площадку, на которой можно отрабатывать все возможные сценарии и потенциальные изменения, чтобы исправить или иную проблему без угрозы безопасности или целостности вашего «живого» приложения.
Ошибка 400 Bad Request означает, что сервер (удалённый компьютер) не может обработать запрос, отправленный клиентом (браузером), вследствие проблемы, которая трактуется сервером как проблема на стороне клиента.
Существует множество сценариев, в которых ошибка 400 Bad Request может появляться в приложении. Ниже представлены некоторые наиболее вероятные случаи:
- Клиент случайно (или намеренно) отправляет информацию, перехватываемую маршрутизатором ложных запросов. Некоторые веб-приложения ищут особые заголовки HTTP, чтобы обрабатывать запросы и удостовериться в том, что клиент не предпринимает ничего зловредного. Если ожидаемый заголовок HTTP не найден или неверен, то ошибка 400 Bad Request – возможный результат.
- Клиент может загружать слишком большой файл. Большинство серверов или приложений имеют лимит на размер загружаемого файла, Это предотвращает засорение канала и других ресурсов сервера. Во многих случаях сервер выдаст ошибку 400 Bad Request, когда файл слишком большой и поэтому запрос не может быть выполнен.
- Клиент запрашивает неверный URL. Если клиент посылает запрос к неверному URL (неверно составленному), это может привести к возникновению ошибки 400 Bad Request.
- Клиент использует недействительные или устаревшие куки. Это возможно, так как локальные куки в браузере являются идентификатором сессии. Если токен конкретной сессии совпадает с токеном запроса от другого клиента, то сервер/приложение может интерпретировать это как злонамеренный акт и выдать код ошибки 400 Bad Request.
Устранение ошибки 400 Bad Request (попробуйте позже) лучше начать с исправления на стороне клиента. Вот несколько советов, что следует попробовать в браузере или на устройстве, которые выдают ошибку.
Наиболее частой причиной ошибки 400 Bad Request является банальный ввод некорректного URL. Доменные имена (например, internet-technologies.ru) нечувствительны к регистру, поэтому ссылка, написанная в смешанном регистре, такая как interNET-technologies.RU работает так же, как и нормальная версия в нижнем регистре internet-technologies.ru. Но части URL, которые расположены после доменного имени, чувствительными к регистру. Кроме случаев, когда приложение/сервер специально осуществляет предварительную обработку всех URL и переводит их в нижний регистр перед исполнением запроса.
Важно проверять URL на неподходящие специальные символы, которых в нем не должно быть. Если сервер получает некорректный URL, он выдаст ответ в виде ошибки 400 Bad Request.
Одной из потенциальных причин возникновения ошибки 400 Bad Request являются некорректные или дублирующие локальные куки. Файлы куки в HTTP – это небольшие фрагменты данных, хранящиеся на локальном устройстве, которые используются сайтами и веб-приложениями для «запоминания» конкретного браузера или устройства. Большинство современных веб-приложений использует куки для хранения данных, специфичных для браузера или пользователя, идентифицируя клиента и позволяя делать следующие визиты быстрее и проще.
Но куки, хранящие информацию сессии о вашем аккаунте или устройстве, могут конфликтовать с другим токеном сессии от другого пользователя, выдавая кому-то из вас (или вам обоим) ошибку 400 Bad Request.
В большинстве случаев достаточно рассматривать только ваше приложение в отношении файлов куки, которые относятся к сайту или веб-приложению, выдающему ошибку 400 Bad Request.
Куки хранятся по принципу доменного имени веб-приложения, поэтому можно удалить только те куки, которые соответствуют домену сайта, сохранив остальные куки не тронутыми. Но если вы не знакомы с ручным удалением определённых файлов куки, гораздо проще и безопаснее очистить сразу все файлы куки.
Это можно сделать разными способами в зависимости от браузера, который вы используете:
- Google Chrome;
- Internet Explorer;
- Microsoft Edge;
- Mozilla Firefox;
- Safari.
Если вы получаете ошибку 400 Bad Request при загрузке какого-либо файла, попробуйте корректность работы на меньшем по размеру файле, Это включает в себя и «загрузки» файлов, которые не загружаются с вашего локального компьютера. Даже файлы, отправленные с других компьютеров, считаются «загрузками» с точки зрения веб-сервера, на котором работает ваше приложение.
Попробуйте выйти из системы и войти обратно. Если вы недавно очистили файлы куки в браузере, это приводит к автоматическому выходу из системы при следующей загрузке страницы. Попробуйте просто войти обратно, чтобы посмотреть, заработала ли система корректно.
Также приложение может столкнуться с проблемой, связанной с вашей предыдущей сессией, являющейся лишь строкой, которую сервер посылает клиенту, чтобы идентифицировать клиента при будущих запросах. Как и в случае с другими данными, токен сессии (или строка сессии) хранится локально на вашем устройстве в файлах куки и передаётся клиентом на сервер при каждом запросе. Если сервер решает, что токен сессии некорректен или скомпрометирован, вы можете получить ошибку 400 Bad Request.
В большинстве веб-приложений выход повторный вход приводит к перегенерации локального токена сессии.
Если вы используете на сервере распространённые пакеты программ, которые выдают ошибку 400 Bad Request, изучите стабильность и функциональность этих платформ. Наиболее распространённые системы управления контентом, такие как WordPress, Joomla! и Drupal, хорошо протестированы в своих базовых версиях. Но как только вы начинаете изменять используемые ими расширения PHP, очень легко спровоцировать непредвиденные проблемы, которые выльются в ошибку 400 Bad Request.
Если вы обновили систему управления контентом непосредственно перед появлением ошибки 400 Bad Request, рассмотрите возможность отката к предыдущей версии, которая была установлена, как самый быстрый и простой способ убрать ошибку 400 bad request.
Аналогично, любые расширения или модули, которые были обновлены, могут вызывать ошибки на стороне сервера, поэтому откат к предыдущим версиям этих расширений также может помочь.
Но в некоторых случаях CMS не предоставляют возможности отката к предыдущим версиям. Так обычно происходит с популярными платформами, поэтому не бойтесь, если вы не можете найти простой способ вернуться к использованию старой версии той или иной программной платформы.
В зависимости от конкретной CMS, которую использует приложение, имена этих компонентов будут различаться. Но во всех системах они служат одной и той же цели: улучшение возможностей платформы относительно её стандартной функциональности.
При этом имейте в виду, что расширения могут так или иначе получать полный контроль над системой, вносить изменения в код PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript или базу данных. Поэтому мудрым решением может быть удаление любых новых расширений, которые были недавно добавлены.
Даже если удалили расширение через панель управления CMS, это не гарантирует, что внесенные им изменения были полностью отменены. Это касается многих расширений WordPress, которым предоставляется полный доступ к базе данных.
Расширение может изменить записи в базе данных, которые «не принадлежат» ему, а созданы и управляются другими расширениями (или даже самой CMS). В подобных случаях модуль может не знать, как откатить назад изменения, внесенные в записи базы данных.
Я лично сталкивался с такими случаями несколько раз. Поэтому лучшим путём будет открыть базу данных и вручную просмотреть таблицы и записи, которые могли быть изменены расширением.
Если вы уверены, что ошибка 400 Bad Request не связана с CMS, вот некоторые дополнительные советы, которые могут помочь найти проблему на стороне сервера.
Ошибка, которую вы получаете от приложения, является результатом недостающих или некорректных специальных заголовков HTTP, которые ожидает получить приложение или сервер. В подобных случаях нужно проанализировать заголовки HTTP, которые отправляются на сторону сервера.
Почти любое веб-приложение будет вести логи на стороне сервера. Они представляют собой историю того, что делало приложение. Например, какие страницы были запрошены, к каким серверам оно обращалось, какие результаты предоставлялись из базы данных и т.п.
Логи сервера относятся к оборудованию, на котором выполняется приложение, и зачастую представляют собой детали о статусе подключённых сервисов или даже о самом сервере. Поищите в интернете “логи [ИМЯ_ПЛАТФОРМЫ]”, если вы используете CMS, или “логи [ЯЗЫК_ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ]” и “логи [ОПЕРАЦИОННАЯ_СИСТЕМА]”, если у вас собственное приложение, чтобы получить подробную информацию по поиску логов.
Если это не помогло, проблема может быть в исходном коде, который выполняется внутри приложения. Попытайтесь диагностировать, откуда может исходить проблема, отлаживая приложение вручную и параллельно просматривая логи приложения и сервера.
Создайте копию всего приложения на локальном устройстве для разработки и пошагово повторите тот сценарий, который приводил к возникновению ошибки 400 Bad Request. А затем просмотрите код приложения в тот момент, когда что-то пойдёт не так.
Независимо от причины возникновения ошибки, даже если вам удалось исправить её в этот раз, появление в вашем приложении такой проблемы — это сигнал для того, чтобы внедрить инструмент обработки ошибок, который поможет автоматически обнаруживать их и оповещать в момент возникновения.