Include python h error - Исправление ошибок и поиск оптимальных решений проблем

Looks like you haven’t properly installed the header files and static libraries for python dev. Use your package manager to install them system-wide.

For apt (Ubuntu, Debian…):

sudo apt-get install python-dev   # for python2.x installs
sudo apt-get install python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

For yum (CentOS, RHEL…):

sudo yum install python-devel    # for python2.x installs
sudo yum install python3-devel   # for python3.x installs

For dnf (Fedora…):

sudo dnf install python2-devel  # for python2.x installs
sudo dnf install python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

For zypper (openSUSE…):

sudo zypper in python-devel   # for python2.x installs
sudo zypper in python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

For apk (Alpine…):

# This is a departure from the normal Alpine naming
# scheme, which uses py2- and py3- prefixes
sudo apk add python2-dev  # for python2.x installs
sudo apk add python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

For apt-cyg (Cygwin…):

apt-cyg install python-devel   # for python2.x installs
apt-cyg install python3-devel  # for python3.x installs

Note: python3-dev does not automatically cover all minor versions of python3, if you are using e.g. python 3.8 you may need to install python3.8-dev.

answered Feb 3, 2014 at 15:10

wimwim

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On Ubuntu, I was running Python 3 and I had to install

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

If you want to use a version of Python that is not linked to python3, install the associated python3.x-dev package. For example:

sudo apt-get install python3.5-dev

answered Feb 27, 2014 at 18:54

FreshPowFreshPow

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For Python 3.7 and Ubuntu in particular, I needed

`sudo apt install libpython3.7-dev`

.
I think at some point names were changed from pythonm.n-dev to this.

for Python 3.6, 3.8 through 3.10 (and counting…) similarly:

`sudo apt install libpython3.6-dev`

`sudo apt install libpython3.8-dev`

`sudo apt install libpython3.9-dev`

`sudo apt install libpython3.10-dev`

answered Aug 28, 2019 at 18:50

ijosephijoseph

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Two things you have to do.

Install development package for Python, in case of Debian/Ubuntu/Mint it’s done with command:

sudo apt-get install python-dev

Second thing is that include files are not by default in the include path, nor is Python library linked with executable by default. You need to add these flags (replace Python’s version accordingly):

-I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7

In other words your compile command ought to be:

gcc -Wall -I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7  utilsmodule.c -o Utilc

answered Feb 3, 2014 at 15:13

vartecvartec

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on Fedora run this for Python 2:

sudo dnf install python2-devel

and for Python 3:

sudo dnf install python3-devel

answered Jun 5, 2015 at 21:48

ravi.zombieravi.zombie

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If you are using tox to run tests on multiple versions of Python, you may need to install the Python dev libraries for each version of Python you are testing on.

sudo apt-get install python2.6-dev 
sudo apt-get install python2.7-dev 
etc.

answered Apr 23, 2015 at 17:38

Christian LongChristian Long

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Make sure that the Python dev files come with your OS.

You should not hard code the library and include paths. Instead, use pkg-config, which will output the correct options for your specific system:

$ pkg-config --cflags --libs python2
-I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7

You may add it to your gcc line:

gcc -Wall utilsmodule.c -o Utilc $(pkg-config --cflags --libs python2)

answered Feb 3, 2014 at 15:26

sleblancsleblanc

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For me, changing it to this worked:

#include <python2.7/Python.h>

I found the file /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h, and since /usr/include is already in the include path, then python2.7/Python.h should be sufficient.

You could also add the include path from command line instead — gcc -I/usr/lib/python2.7 (thanks @erm3nda).

answered Nov 14, 2015 at 17:14

sashoalmsashoalm

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Solution for Cygwin

You need to install the package python2-devel or python3-devel, depending on the Python version you’re using.

You can quickly install it using the 32-bit or 64-bit setup.exe (depending on your installation) from Cygwin.com.

Example (modify setup.exe‘s filename and Python’s major version if you need):

$ setup.exe -q --packages=python3-devel

You can also check my other answer for a few more options to install Cygwin’s packages from the command-line.

answered Mar 23, 2017 at 17:50

In AWS API (centOS) its

yum install python27-devel

answered Jul 9, 2015 at 6:20

yespbsyespbs

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AWS EC2 install running python34:

sudo yum install python34-devel

answered Dec 12, 2016 at 22:57

parsethisparsethis

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If you use a virtualenv with a 3.6 python (edge right now), be sure to install the matching python 3.6 dev sudo apt-get install python3.6-dev, otherwise executing sudo python3-dev will install the python dev 3.3.3-1, which won’t solve the issue.

answered May 9, 2017 at 11:46

In my case, what fixed it in Ubuntu was to install the packages libpython-all-dev (or libpython3-all-dev if you use Python 3).

answered Feb 1, 2016 at 1:27

Oriol NietoOriol Nieto

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It’s not the same situation, but it also works for me and now I can use SWIG with Python3.5:

I was trying to compile:

gcc -fPIC -c existe.c existe_wrap.c -I /usr/include/python3.5m/

With Python 2.7 works fine, not with my version 3.5:

existe_wrap.c:147:21: fatal error: Python.h: No existe el archivo o el
directorio compilation terminated.

After run in my Ubuntu 16.04 installation:

sudo apt-get install python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

Now I can compile without problems Python3.5:

gcc -fPIC -c existe.c existe_wrap.c -I /usr/include/python3.5m/

answered Jun 10, 2017 at 15:39

Hugo L.MHugo L.M

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I managed to solve this issue and generate the .so file in one command

gcc -shared -o UtilcS.so
-fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7  utilsmodule.c

Solomon Ucko

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answered Feb 4, 2014 at 9:32

Mohanad Y.Mohanad Y.

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I also encountered this error when I was installing coolprop in ubuntu.

For ubuntu 16.04 with python 3.6

sudo apt-get install python3.6-dev

If ever this doesn’t work try installing/updating gcc lib.

sudo apt-get install gcc

answered May 14, 2018 at 1:58

WreeecksWreeecks

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try apt-file. It is difficult to remember the package name where the missing file resides. It is generic and useful for any package files.

For example:

root@ubuntu234:~/auto# apt-file search --regexp '/Python.h$'
pypy-dev: /usr/lib/pypy/include/Python.h
python2.7-dbg: /usr/include/python2.7_d/Python.h
python2.7-dev: /usr/include/python2.7/Python.h
python3.2-dbg: /usr/include/python3.2dmu/Python.h
python3.2-dev: /usr/include/python3.2mu/Python.h
root@ubuntu234:~/auto#

Now you can make an expert guess as to which one to choose from.

Aleksandr M

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answered Nov 3, 2015 at 12:25

This problem can also arrive when you have different Python versions installed and you use a pip that’s not the system’s one. In that case, the non-system pip won’t find the right version of Python headers.

It happened to me when trying to pip install a package for a Python bundled with an application. As it was not system’s python, apt install pythonXX-dev didn’t work.

In this case, the solution is to find the right python header:

find / -iname 'Python.h'

In the output, you will see system python headers, and hopefully the one you are looking for, for example:

/usr/include/python3.7m/Python.h
/usr/include/python3.6m/Python.h
/home/ubuntu/workspace/blender-git/lib/linux_centos7_x86_64/python/include/python3.7m/Python.h
/home/ubuntu/miniconda3/pkgs/python-3.8.5-h7579374_1/include/python3.8/Python.h
/home/ubuntu/miniconda3/pkgs/python-3.7.0-h6e4f718_3/include/python3.7m/Python.h
/home/ubuntu/miniconda3/include/python3.8/Python.h
/home/ubuntu/miniconda3/envs/sim/include/python3.7m/Python.h
/home/ubuntu/src/blender-deps/Python-3.7.7/Include/Python.h
/opt/lib/python-3.7.7/include/python3.7m/Python.h

Then, you can set a compiler flag that will get used by gcc when called by pip.
Mine was /home/ubuntu/workspace/blender-git/lib/linux_centos7_x86_64/python/include/python3.7m/Python.h, so I did:

export CPPFLAGS=-I/home/ubuntu/src/blender-deps/Python-3.7.7/Include
pip install <package>

answered Apr 8, 2021 at 8:23

MiloMilo

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For the OpenSuse comrades out there:

sudo zypper install python3-devel

answered Mar 29, 2015 at 5:47

kmonsoorkmonsoor

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Here is yet another solution, because none of these solutions worked for me. For reference, I was trying to pip install something on an Amazon Linux AMI base Docker image for Python 3.6.

Non-docker solution:

# Install python3-devel like everyone says
yum -y install python36-devel.x86_64

# Find the install directory of `Python.h`
rpm -ql python36-devel.x86_64 | grep -i "Python.h"

# Forcefully add it to your include path
C_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/python3.6m'
export C_INCLUDE_PATH

Docker solution:

# Install python3-devel like everyone says
RUN yum -y install python36-devel.x86_64

# Find the install directory of `Python.h`, for me it was /usr/include/python3.6m
RUN rpm -ql python36-devel.x86_64 | grep -i "Python.h" && fake_command_so_docker_fails_and_shows_us_the_output

# Since the previous command contains a purposeful error, remove it before the next run

# Forcefully add it to your include path
ARG C_INCLUDE_PATH='/usr/include/python3.6m'

NOTE: If you’re getting the error when compiling C++, use CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH.

Alternatively, you may prefer to use another Docker image. For example, I was trying to install asyncpg~=0.24.0 on python:3.9.4-slim, which generated the same error as you saw. However, when I updated the image to python:3, it worked fine.

William

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answered Jan 26, 2021 at 4:43

serg06serg06

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If you’re using Python 3.6 on Amazon Linux (based on RHEL, but the RHEL answers given here didn’t work):

sudo yum install python36-devel

answered Feb 13, 2018 at 13:56

EgalEgal

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You must install the Python development files on your operating system if the Python provided with your operating system does not come with them. The many answers on this question show the myriad ways this can be achieved on different systems.
When you have done so, the problem is telling the compiler where they’re located and how to compile against them. Python comes with a program called python-config. For compilation, you need the --includes output and for linking a program against the Python library (embedding Python into your program) the --ldflags output. Example:
```
gcc -c mypythonprogram.c $(python3-config --includes)
gcc -o program mypythonprogram.o $(python3-config --ldflags)
```

The python-config program can be named after the Python versions — on Debian, Ubuntu for example these can be named python3-config or python3.6-config.

answered Jun 8, 2019 at 16:25

Sure python-dev or libpython-all-dev are the first thing to (apt )install, but if that doesn’t help as was my case, I advice you to install the foreign Function Interface packages by sudo apt-get install libffi-dev and sudo pip install cffi.

This should help out especially if you see the error as/from c/_cffi_backend.c:2:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory.

answered Dec 7, 2016 at 13:45

HugeHuge

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try locate your Python.h:

gemfield@ThinkPad-X1C:~$ locate Python.h
/home/gemfield/anaconda3/include/python3.7m/Python.h
/home/gemfield/anaconda3/pkgs/python-3.7.6-h0371630_2/include/python3.7m/Python.h
/usr/include/python3.8/Python.h

if not found, then install python-dev or python3-dev; else include the correct header path for compiler:

g++ -I/usr/include/python3.8 ...

answered Aug 21, 2020 at 10:06

gemfieldgemfield

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I am on Ubuntu. I have installed all packages as was recommended in some answers.

sudo apt-get install python-dev   # for python2.x installs
sudo apt-get install python3-dev  # for python3.x installs

I still had this problem, the line:

#include "Python.h"

And some others, I can edit them manually, it is a bad practice.
I know the secret now, it comes from the cython source code. I have the file. It compiles without errors. That is the file.
Change PYTHON to python version you have, python/python3. Change FILE to your c-filename. The name of the makefile file should be Makefile. Run the the file with the command:

make all

Makefile for creating our standalone Cython program

    FILE := file.c
    PYTHON := python3
    PYVERSION := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import sys;                     
    print(sys.version[:3])")
    PYPREFIX := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import sys; print(sys.prefix)")

    INCDIR := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "from distutils import sysconfig; 
    print(sysconfig.get_python_inc())")
    PLATINCDIR := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "from distutils import 
    sysconfig; print(sysconfig.get_python_inc(plat_specific=True))")
    LIBDIR1 := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "from distutils import sysconfig; 
    print(sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBDIR'))")
    LIBDIR2 := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "from distutils import sysconfig; 
    print(sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBPL'))")
    PYLIB := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "from distutils import sysconfig; 
    print(sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBRARY')[3:-2])")

    CC := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import distutils.sysconfig; 
    print(distutils.sysconfig.get_config_var('CC'))")
    LINKCC := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import distutils.sysconfig; 
    print(distutils.sysconfig.get_config_var('LINKCC'))")
    LINKFORSHARED := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import distutils.sysconfig; 
    print(distutils.sysconfig.get_config_var('LINKFORSHARED'))")
    LIBS := $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import distutils.sysconfig; 
    print(distutils.sysconfig.get_config_var('LIBS'))")
    SYSLIBS :=  $(shell $(PYTHON) -c "import distutils.sysconfig; 
    print(distutils.sysconfig.get_config_var('SYSLIBS'))")

    .PHONY: paths all clean test

    paths:
        @echo "PYTHON=$(PYTHON)"
        @echo "PYVERSION=$(PYVERSION)"
        @echo "PYPREFIX=$(PYPREFIX)"
        @echo "INCDIR=$(INCDIR)"
        @echo "PLATINCDIR=$(PLATINCDIR)"
        @echo "LIBDIR1=$(LIBDIR1)"
        @echo "LIBDIR2=$(LIBDIR2)"
        @echo "PYLIB=$(PYLIB)"
        @echo "CC=$(CC)"
        @echo "LINKCC=$(LINKCC)"
        @echo "LINKFORSHARED=$(LINKFORSHARED)"
        @echo "LIBS=$(LIBS)"
        @echo "SYSLIBS=$(SYSLIBS)"

    $(FILE:.c=): $(FILE:.c=.o)
        $(LINKCC) -o $@ $^ -L$(LIBDIR1) -L$(LIBDIR2) -l$(PYLIB)         
    $(LIBS) $(SYSLIBS) $(LINKFORSHARED)

    $(FILE:.c=.o): $(FILE)
        $(CC) -c $^ -I$(INCDIR) -I$(PLATINCDIR)

    all: $(FILE:.c=)

answered Dec 22, 2021 at 17:05

This error occurred when I attempted to install ctds on CentOS 7 with Python3.6. I did all the tricks mentioned here including yum install python34-devel. The problem was Python.h was found in /usr/include/python3.4m but not in /usr/include/python3.6m. I tried to use --global-option to point to include dir (pip3.6 install --global-option=build_ext --global-option="--include-dirs=/usr/include/python3.4m" ctds). This resulted in a lpython3.6m not found when linking ctds.

Finally what worked was fixing the development environment for Python3.6 needs to correct with the include and libs.

yum -y install https://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/CentOS/7/x86_64/python36u-libs-3.6.3-1.ius.centos7.x86_64.rpm

Python.h needs to be in your include path for gcc. Whichever version of python is used, for example if it’s 3.6, then it should be in /usr/include/python3.6m/Python.h typically.

answered Nov 3, 2017 at 17:14

Sometimes even after installing python-dev the error persists,
Check for the error if it is ‘gcc’ missing.

First download as stated in https://stackoverflow.com/a/21530768/8687063, then install gcc

For apt (Ubuntu, Debian…):

sudo apt-get install gcc

For yum (CentOS, RHEL…):

sudo yum install gcc

For dnf (Fedora…):

sudo dnf install gcc

For zypper (openSUSE…):

sudo zypper in gcc

For apk (Alpine…):

sudo apk gcc

answered Jun 28, 2018 at 0:41

It often appear when you trying to remove python3.5 and install python3.6.

So when using python3 (which python3 -V => python3.6) to install some packages required python3.5 header will appear this error.

Resolve by install python3.6-dev module.

answered Apr 14, 2018 at 7:38

dphansdphans

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This means that Python.h isn’t in your compiler’s default include paths. Have you installed it system-wide or locally? What’s your OS?

You could use the -I<path> flag to specify an additional directory where your compiler should look for headers. You will probably have to follow up with -L<path> so that gcc can find the library you’ll be linking with using -l<name>.

answered Feb 3, 2014 at 15:12

KosKos

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Источник

Causes of 'Python.h': No such file or directory Error in C++
Python Installation That Allows Embedding Its Code in C++
Steps to Add Python Path to IDE’s Include and Linker
Add Python Path to Include and Linker
Write Python Codes in C++ and Compile Them
Conclusion

Solved - Python.h: No Such File or Directory in C++

This article will explain how to solve the error 'Python.h': No such file or directory. This usually happens when we try to embed Python code in C++, but the compiler cannot find a reference to Python inside the system.

Causes of `'Python.h': No such file or directory` Error in C++

Below is a C++ program that uses Python codes.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <Python.h>

int main()
{
	PyObject* pInt;

	Py_Initialize();

	PyRun_SimpleString("print('Hello World from Embedded Python!!!')");

	Py_Finalize();

	printf("nPress any key to exit...n");
	if (!_getch()) _getch();
	return 0;
}

When this program is compiled, it gives the error 'Python.h': No such file or directory.

Build started...
1>------ Build started: Project: Python into Cpp, Configuration: Debug x64 ------
1>1.cpp
1>C:UsersWin 10sourcereposPython into Cpp1.cpp(3,10): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'Python.h': No such file or directory
1>Done building project "Python into Cpp.vcxproj" -- FAILED.
========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========

Various reasons cause the 'Python.h': No such file or directory issue.

Python is not installed inside the system.

Python is third-party enterprise software that does not come with standard Windows and C++ compilers installation. It must be installed with correct settings and linked to the C++ compiler.
C++ compiler cannot find Python.

If the compiler is run through an IDE or mingw4, it can only detect that standard C++ includes packages that come with a standard installation.

Third-party libraries are needed to be added to the IDE include and linker files.

Three steps need to be executed to solve the above issues.
1. Custom installing Python that allows it to be embedded in IDEs.
2. Adding Python path to IDE include and linker paths.
3. Writing Python codes inside C++ codes and compiling them.

Python Installation That Allows Embedding Its Code in C++

If there is no Python inside the system, or if it is installed and linked but still the error 'Python.h': No such file or directory occurs, it’s because the Python installation did not download the debug binaries with it.

It is recommended that Python be uninstalled and then reinstalled correctly to solve the error 'Python.h': No such file or directory.

Head to the Python website and download the latest Python version. If a certain version is required, head to the All Releases download section.

This article demonstrates the steps in Windows OS, so the suitable option is to go with the Windows installer(64bit or 32bit). It is recommended to use the 64-bit version if a modern PC is used.

After the download is complete, run the installer, and choose Customize Installation. The Install now option will install Python with default settings but leave the debug binaries out that allows embedding it into IDEs.

Tick the box that asks to Add Python X.X(version) to PATH and then click on Customize Installation.

On the next page, mark all the boxes and then click next.

In the third menu, tick the box Download debug binaries and click on Install. Python will be installed inside the selected directory.

Steps to Add Python Path to IDE’s `Include` and Linker

Any third-party library that does not come with C++ in its standard installation must be referenced to the IDE. IDEs cannot automatically search and detect third-party libraries inside the system.

This is the reason that causes the error 'Python.h': No such file or directory.

Though IDE can search for files when the package library is stored in the same directory where the C++ script is located, its path should be mentioned inside the program’s #include<> header.

But storing dependencies this way is a bad practice.

What needs to be done is that the path of the library should be linked to the IDE so that it can be included the way standard header files are included, removing the need to provide a file path with the source code.

Any third-party library that does not come with C++ in its standard installation must be referenced to the IDE. IDEs cannot automatically search and detect third-party libraries inside the system.

This is the reason that causes the error 'Python.h': No such file or directory.

At first, an IDE is needed. It is recommended to go with Visual Studio (2017 or later), and this article will cover the same.

Any other IDE can also be used, the steps are identical in most of them, but Visual Studio makes it simple.

Install Visual Studio in the System

The installer of Visual Studio can be downloaded from here. After downloading the 64-bit Community version, install the software, including the C++ development option.

After installation is completed, create a new project.

The window can look intimidating for readers who have never used Visual Studio before, but there’s no need to worry. Most of the features that will be needed are in front, and this article will guide the rest.

Create a project, and give it a name like ‘Python in cpp’. After the project is created, the main window would look something like this:

If there is just a black screen, press Ctrl+Alt+l, and the solution explorer will open. The solution explorer shows all the files and dependencies available for the project.

Add Python Path to `Include` and Linker

In this step, the Python path will be included and linked to Visual Studio so that the IDE knows where to look when #include <python.h> is written.

A prerequisite for this step is to know the directory where Python is installed and keep it open in another window. Now head down to Debug > Project Name > Properties (Instead of Project name, it will display the project’s name).

Inside the project properties window, go to C/C++ > General > Additional Include Directories, click on the tiny drop button on the extreme right, and then click on <Edit...>.

The Additional Include Directories dialog box will open. Here, double-click on the first blank space and paste the path of the include folder from the directory where Python is installed inside the system, then click OK.

After the path of include directory is added, head down to Linker > General > Additional Library Directories. Like the previous step, click on <Edit...>.

Now, the libs folder should be added to the linker. This folder is also found inside the Python directory, where the include folder is located.

After it is added, click on OK and then click on Apply.

Write Python Codes in C++ and Compile Them

Once the include and linker paths are added, a sample program must be compiled to check whether the above steps have been executed correctly, and the 'Python.h': No such file or directory error is not encountered again.

Go to the solution explorer and right-click on source files. Click on add > new item, give the file a name and click add.

This new file will contain the code that will be compiled.

Below is the C++ program used at the start of the article that threw errors.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <Python.h>

int main()
{
	PyObject* pInt;

	Py_Initialize();

	PyRun_SimpleString("print('Hello World from Embedded Python!!!')");

	Py_Finalize();

	printf("nPress any key to exit...n");
	if (!_getch()) _getch();
	return 0;
}

Now, when the file is compiled by clicking on the green play button on the top, we get the output:

Hello World from Embedded Python!!!

Press any key to exit...

Conclusion

This article explains the steps to solve the error 'Python.h': No such file or directory. After reading this article, the reader can install Python and Visual Studio and link them to the Python library.

Источник

While looking for a solution for the Hungarian problem, I found this GitHub link.

I went through the readme.md file and I performed everything described there. After copying hungarian.so into my working directory, when I tried to compile hungarian.cpp using make hungarian, I got this output:

anupam@JAZZ:~/Python/hungarian-master$ make hungarian
g++     hungarian.cpp   -o hungarian
hungarian.cpp:7:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
 #include "Python.h"
                    ^
compilation terminated.
make: *** [hungarian] Error 1

I found this related question on Stack Overflow, but the answer didn’t work for me.

I am very new to GitHub I don’t know how to add modules on g++. Can someone help me with that, and what to do next?

Zanna♦

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asked Sep 21, 2014 at 14:17

For Python 3:

sudo apt-get install python-dev python3-dev

You can also install it for specific versions of Python (if available for your version of Ubuntu, or from a PPA):

sudo apt-get install python3.4-dev
sudo apt-get install python3.5-dev

The python3-dev package depends on a python3.x-dev package, (where 3.x is the system version of Python) and on the libpython3-dev package, which in turn depends on a corresponding libpython3.x-dev package.

muru

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answered Nov 14, 2015 at 23:15

Martin ThomaMartin Thoma

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This is python code extending with C. No need to use make. Python itself will take care of the cpp code compilation with proper flags.

First you need to have header files and a static library. Install those as,

sudo apt-get install python-dev

Now follow these commands to execute example.py in your code.

python setup.py build
cp  build/lib.linux-i686-2.7/hungarian.so .
python example.py

Note: I am using python2.7, you should take care of your version of python when execute the above commands. It is worth mentioning that you need to install python-numpy if you not have it as python script need it.

answered Sep 21, 2014 at 14:47

sourav c.sourav c.

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Источник

[toc]

Problem Statement: How to fix “fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory“?

What is a “fatal” error?

A fatal error causes a program to end with practically no warning without even saving its state. It usually occurs when an application attempts to access a piece of invalid information or data. The program closes down as it shows illegal action, and it returns the user to the operating system. When the fatal error occurs, the user can lose any unsaved changes made in the program.

fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

When does the error occur?

Generally, you face this error when you try to generate the output file while building a shared library using a C extension file. In other words, you encounter this error while trying to build a shared library using the file extension of another language( e.g. C ).

Example: Suppose you use the command below.

gcc -Wall utilsmodule.c -o Utilc

When you execute the above command, you will get the following error message:

utilsmodule.c:1: 20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated.

Now that you know the reasons behind the occurrence of the error let’s look at the ways to fix it.

#Fix 1: Using Package Managers According to Your Operating System

Most probably, when you face this error, it’s because you have not installed the static libraries and the header files properly. Hence to solve the error, you need to use the package manager to install them on the PC.

Use the following commands according to the OS installed on your system.

For Ubuntu:
sudo apt-get install python-dev
sudo apt-get install python3- dev

For Fedora:
sudo dnf install python-devel
sudo dnf install python3- devel

For CentOS:
sudo yum install python-devel
sudo yum install python3 – devel

For Cygwin:
apt-cyg install python-devel
apt-cyg install python3- devel

For openSUSE:
sudo zypper in python- devel
sudo zypper in python3 -devel

For Alpine:
sudo apk add python-dev
sudo apk add python3 -dev

Caution: The above command only works if you are using either Python 2 or Python 3 version.

The commands for Python 3.6, 3.8, and 3.9 versions are as follows:

sudo apt install libpython3.6 -devsudo apt install libpython3.8 -devsudo apt install libpython3.9- dev

#Fix 2: Ensure that the Python Dev Files Come with Your OS

You can solve this error by checking that the Python dev files come with your operating system. To avoid the fatal error, you should not hard code the library and include paths. However, you can use the pkg-config that will output the correct options for the specific system:

$ pkg-config -- cflags --libs python2-I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7

Also, add the following to the gcc line:

gcc $(pkg-config --cflags --libs python2) -Wall utilsmodule.c -o Utilc

#Fix 3: By Changing the Header’s Directory

Sometimes you can solve the “fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory” by simply making changes to the header files. These files are typically installed with Python.

Locating the header files

On Unix os the header files are located in the directories prefix/include/pythonversion/ and exec_prefix/ include/pythonversion/. Here the prefixes are defined using the parameters to the configure script in Python, and the version is '%d.%d' % sys.version_info[:2]. On Windows, the files are installed in prefix/include, where prefix is the installation directory that is specified to the installer.

To find the header file itself, you can use Python 3 configuration:

$ python3-config --include-I/Users/<username>/.pyenv/versions/3.8.2/include/python3.8

Generally, the Python development headers are located in the directory shown.

To avoid the error, you must include the headers by placing both the directories on your compiler’s search path for includes. So instead of using the following header directory, which results in a fatal error:

#include "Python.h"

Just change the header directory. You can even change it with the following:

#include <python2.7/ Python.h>

Using venv

If you are using a virtual environment tool such as venv, then most probably, the Python development headers will already be included in compilation and the linking by default. If it’s not, then you will get an error message:

fatal error: 'Python.h ' file not found
#include <Python.h>

If this happens, you must ask the setup.py to search for the header files by setting the CFLAGS. You can now locate the header files and use them with Python setup.py bdist_wheel.

$ CFLAGS = "$(python 3- config -- include)" python setup.py bdist_wheel
$ CFLAGS = '-I/path/to/include' python setup.py bdist_wheel

Conclusion

In this article, we learned how to solve the fatal error:Python.h: No such file or directory. I hope this discussion helped you to solve your problem. Please stay tuned and subscribe for more interesting solutions and discussions in the future. Happy learning!

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Источник

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This post would explain a fix as regards to How To Fix – fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory.

Issue:

While building shared library using other language file extension ( e.g. C ) , we sometimes get the below error –

utilsmodule.c:1:20: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated.

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Reason:

This error occurs when we miss to install all the Python Developement files (header files and static libraries)

Also sometimes include files might not be default in the include path. Or Python library linked with executable by default. We might have to add these flags (using Correct Python’s version)

Step 1: Install Dev Packages

The obvious solution is to to install the missing files and libraries as explained below. We will see what to install the files for different operating systems –

1. Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install python-dev # for python2.x
sudo apt-get install python3-dev # for python3.x

2. Linux Fedora

sudo dnf install python2-devel # for python2.x
sudo dnf install python3-devel # for python3.x

3. Red Hat Linux

sudo yum install python-devel # for python2.x
sudo yum install python3-devel # for python3.x

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4. SUSE Linux

sudo zypper in python-devel # for python2.x
sudo zypper in python3-devel # for python3.x

5. CentOs

sudo yum install python-devel # for python2.x
sudo yum install python3-devel # for python3.x

6. Debian

sudo apt-get install python-dev # for python2.x
sudo apt-get install python3-dev # for python3.x

7. If using Cygwin console

apt-cyg install python-devel # for python2.x
apt-cyg install python3-devel # for python3.x

8. Rasberry Pi

sudo apt-get install python-dev

Step 2: Link

Use include files in the default include path and Python Library to be linked with executable , if not already

-I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7 

-I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython3.2

Step 3 : Compile

gcc -Wall -I/usr/include/python3.7 -lpython3.7 utilsmodule.c -o Utilc 

gcc -Wall -I/usr/include/python2.7 -lpython2.7 utilsmodule.c -o Utilc

Hope this helps to fix the fatal error in Python.

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I’m trying to build omniORB 4.1.6 under Arch Linux. When I type make, here is the message:

../../../../../src/tool/omniidl/cxx/idlpython.cc:188:26: fatal error:  python3.3/Python.h: No such file or directory
#  include PYTHON_INCLUDE

I’m sure both python3 and python2 were installed, and I can remember last time I was tring to do the same thing under Linux Mint I met the same problem. That time, I used this command to solve the problem:

sudo apt-get install python-dev

However, it seems Arch doesn’t separate python-dev with python. I checked my /usr and found Python.h under /usr/include/python3.3m, so what should I do now?

Jeff Schaller♦

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asked Jun 2, 2013 at 9:53

Normally running

./configure

before running make should set up things correctly, but in this fall that seems not to be the case.

Python 3.3.X puts its header files in .../include/Python3.3m, whereas 2.7.x uses .../include/python2.7 (without any suffix), maybe omniORB is not aware (yet) of that suffix m.

You can make a link from python3.3m to python3.3 using:

cd /usr/include
ln -s python3.3m python3.3

and retry the build process ( this assumes python3.3 was configured using --prefix=/usr, adapt the cd as necessary).

answered Jul 28, 2013 at 11:16

AnthonAnthon

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For those who have installed the python-dev package and are still getting errors;

I thought the PYTHON parameter on the configure command line was the directory of the Python.h file … nope, use the path to the interpreter.

I created and used a «build» directory in omniORB;

cd "omniORB install loc"; mkdir build; cd build; ...

You can give the location of Python as part of the configure command line.

../configure ... PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3

In my case, with OmniORB installed in /opt and going to be using /opt as its home:

../configure --prefix=/opt/omniORB.build.4.3.0 --with-omniORB-config=/opt/omniORB.build.4.3.0/omniORB.cfg --with-omniNames-logdir=$HOME/logs PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3

Greenonline

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answered Jan 27, 2022 at 15:04

Источник

sudo apt install libpython3.7-dev

sudo apt install libpython3.6-dev

sudo apt install libpython3.8-dev

sudo apt install libpython3.9-dev

sudo apt install libpython3.10-dev

Solution for Cygwin

Makefile for creating our standalone Cython program

Causes of 'Python.h': No such file or directory Error in C++

Python Installation That Allows Embedding Its Code in C++

Steps to Add Python Path to IDE’s Include and Linker

Install Visual Studio in the System

Add Python Path to Include and Linker

Write Python Codes in C++ and Compile Them

Conclusion

What is a “fatal” error?

fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory

#Fix 1: Using Package Managers According to Your Operating System

#Fix 2: Ensure that the Python Dev Files Come with Your OS

#Fix 3: By Changing the Header’s Directory

Locating the header files

Using venv

Conclusion

Issue:

Reason:

Step 1: Install Dev Packages

1. Ubuntu

2. Linux Fedora

3. Red Hat Linux

4. SUSE Linux

5. CentOs

6. Debian

7. If using Cygwin console

8. Rasberry Pi

Step 2: Link

Step 3 : Compile

`sudo apt install libpython3.7-dev`

`sudo apt install libpython3.6-dev`

`sudo apt install libpython3.8-dev`

`sudo apt install libpython3.9-dev`

`sudo apt install libpython3.10-dev`

Causes of `'Python.h': No such file or directory` Error in C++

Steps to Add Python Path to IDE’s `Include` and Linker

Add Python Path to `Include` and Linker