Jurists help those people who have committed an error already

Задание II . Выберите правильный ответ на вопрос.

MODULE I

Тема: Современная студенческая жизнь. Моя семья, биография. Резюме, трудоустройство.

Задание I . Прочитайте и переведите текст.

FAMILY LIFE, EDUCATION AND FUTURE CAREER

In most families, it’s a small family group who live in the same house, mother, father and the children before they get married. But if one of the grandparents dies, the other usually sells their home and goes to live with their children. So it’s quite common to have one grandparent living with you. Most children leave home when they get married. But there are some people who want to lead independent lives and they find a flat as soon as they start their first job, even before they get married. Of course, the main problem is that flats are so expensive to rent here, and we simply have to live with our parents.

After the 9th form pupils have to sit for examinations. Also they have a choice between entering the 10th grade of a general secondary school and enrolling in a specialized secondary or vocational school.

Finishing school is the beginning of the independent life for millions of school leavers. Many roads are open before them: technical schools, institutes and universities. But it is not easy thing to choose a profession out of more than 2000 existing in the world. Some pupils follow the advice of their parents, others can’t decide even after leaving school. Studying to be a lawyer represents the fulfillment of one of my longest held dreams. Whatever I could do as a lawyer to help people who are victimized by unscrupulous businessmen, as well as their own ignorance of the law, would give me a great satisfaction. The duty of the lawyer is not only to punish people for various crimes: from espionage to serial murder and terrorism, but they must do their best to prevent crimes, to fight against evil in our society. They should help those people, who committed an error (broke the law) to find the right road in their life. The lawyers protect the rights and legal interests of citizens, institutions and organizations. I want to help people, businesses to solve their problems, I want to help everybody to know the rules that we all have to get along. I think that the profession of a lawyer is one of the most important in the law-governed state, which we are creating now.

Persons who finish the general secondary school, receive a secondary education certificate, giving them the right to enter any higher educational establishment. Entrance examinations are held in July and August. Institutions are headed by rectors; the faculties are headed by the deans. One has to study in the institute for 5 years. Higher educational institutions train students in one or several specializations.

Then you look for a job. That is why you have to know how to write a resume. No matter what method of job hunting you use, inevitably somebody will ask you for a resume. Most companies require a resume before seriously considering a job candidate from the outside. Resumes are sometimes also required in order to receive a job transfer within a company. The purpose of a resume is to help you obtain a job interview, not a job. Very few people are hired without a personal interview. Effective resumes are straightforward, factual presentations of a person’s experience and accomplishments. They are neither over detailed nor too sketchy. A general rule is that two or three pages in length are best.

Notes:

to lead independent lives — жить отдельно

to get married — жениться (выходить замуж)

to enroll — записаться

to follow the advice — следовать совету

ignorance of the law — незнание закона

fulfillment of dreams — исполнение мечты

higher educational establishment — высшее образовательное учреждение

to be headed by — возглавляться

to commit an error — совершить ошибку

a resume — резюме

in order to receive — для того, чтобы получить

experience and accomplishment — опыт и достижение

neither . nor — ни. ни

Задание II . Выберите правильный ответ на вопрос.

1. Why do young families want to live apart from their parents?

a) They want to lead independent lives.

b) They don’t like to live with parents.

c) They need freedom.

2. When do they start living independent?

a) . when they get older.

b) . when they get married.

c) …when they enter educational institutions.

3. Why is it not easy to choose your future profession?

a) . because they don’t know what to do.

b) . because their parents insist on their own choice.

c) . because there are more than 2000 existing in the world.

4. Why do people choose the career of a lawyer?

a) The lawyers protect the rights and legal interests of citizens, institutions and organizations.

b) The lawyers get great salaries.

c) The lawyers have a good way of living.

5. What do persons who finish general secondary school do after school?

a) They look for any job.

b) They get married.

c) They enter any higher educational establishment.

6. What do you do after getting higher education?

a) You look for a job.

b) You continue studying.

c) You have a rest.

7. Why do you need to know how to write a resume?

a) Most establishments require a resume before entering institutions.

b) Most people require a resume before inviting you to the party.

c) Most companies require a resume before seriously considering a job candidate from the outside.

8. What is the main aim of a resume?

a) . to help you get a highly paid job.

b) …to help you obtain a job interview, not a job.

c) . to help you be sure in your professionalism.

9. What makes a good resume?

a) They are straightforward, neither over detailed nor too sketchy.

b) They are short, but detailed.

c) They are very long and detailed.

10. How many pages are enough for a good resume?

a) three or four pages in length

b) four or five pages in length

c) two or three pages in length.

Задание I II . Определите, соответствуют ли данные предложения тексту ( True / False / Not mentioned in the text ):

1. The purpose of a resume is to help you obtain a job. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

2. Persons who finish the general secondary school receive a higher education. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

3. It is not an easy thing to choose a profession. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

4. It is not important to know how to write a resume. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

5. Most companies require a resume. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

6. After the 9th form pupils have to take examinations. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

7. The lawyers protect the rights and legal interests of citizens only. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

8. Most children leave home because they want independence. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

9. Institutions are headed by deans. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

10. Few pupils follow the advice of their parents. a) true; b) false; c) not mentioned in the text

Задание IV . Выберите правильный вариант. Обратите внимание на формирование глаголов to be , to have (таблица № 1)

1. Most children_____students if they enter higher institutions.

a) are; b) will be; c) were.

2. Finishing school____ the beginning of the independent life.

a) am; b) are; c) is.

3. There_____some people who want to lead independent lives.

a) is; b) are; c) am.

4. I_____a family.

a) has; b) have; c) is having.

5. Last century there_____a lot of schools for boys and girls only.

a) are; b) have; c) were.

6. Did you_____a good family life?

a) had; b) have; c) has.

7. The profession of a lawyer____one of the most important in the law-governed state.

a) is; b) are; c) am.

8. Entrance examinations usually______ in July and August.

a) was; b) is; c) are.

9. If my friend______a good resume he will find a good job.

a) have; b) has; c) will has.

10. The purpose of a resume______to help you obtain a job interview, not a job.

a) are; b) were; c) is.

MODULE II

Тема: Учеба. Университет. Система образования в России и Великобритании.

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Источник

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Методические указания по выполнению контрольных работ по английскому языку для студентов-заочников 1 курса юридического факультета

Основной целью обучения студентов английскому языку в неязыковом вузе является практическое владение этим языком, что предполагает при заочном обучении формирование умения самостоятельно читать литературу по специальности с целью извлечения информации из иноязычных источников, развитие навыков устной речи (говорение и аудирование) в рамках определенной Программой тематики. Для контроля понимания прочитанного, в качестве способа передачи полученной при чтении информации, а также как средство обучения, используется перевод.

Особенностью заочного обучения является то, что объем самостоятельной работы студента по выработке речевых навыков и умений значительно превышает объем практических аудиторных занятий с преподавателем, поэтому для того, чтобы добиться успеха, необходимы систематические самостоятельные занятия.

Самостоятельная работа студента по изучению иностранного языка включает в себя заучивание лексических единиц, овладение правилами словообразования и грамматики, чтение текстов вслух в соответствии с правилами чтения, построение вопросов и ответов к текстам, перевод на русский язык (устный и письменный).

Работая над учебным материалом, подлежащим обязательному изучению в течение семестра, студент должен вести словарь, выписывая слова с транскрипцией и в словарной форме. Словарь и тетрадь с выполненными упражнениями должны быть представлены преподавателю.

Прежде чем приступить к выполнению контрольной работы, следует изучить и закрепить с помощью упражнений грамматический материал семестра. При выполнении контрольной работы следует оставлять в тетради широкие поля для замечаний рецензента. Материал контрольной работы следует располагать в тетради по следующему образцу:

Задания должны быть выполнены полностью и в той последовательности, в которой они предложены; условия их необходимо переписывать. Контрольная работа должна быть выполнена в отдельной тетради, на обложке которой следует указать номер контрольного задания, номер варианта, факультет и фамилию студента. (Преподавателю на проверку должен быть представлен только один вариант контрольного задания; остальные варианты используются в качестве дополнительного материала).

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

I’m a student of the Samara State University. I study at the Law Faculty. I’ll graduate from the University and become a professional lawyer. To become a good lawyer one must know much. So at the University we are taught various general and special subjects: Roman Law, Labour Law, Family Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Civil Law, Criminal Law.

The profession of a lawyer is quite diversified. The graduates of our faculty can work as investigators, judges, defence counsels, legal consultants. I’d like to be a judge and to work at a People’s Court. My friends work at the Procurator’s Office, Police.

I think that now profession of a lawyer is one of the most important in the lstate. Lawyers have to solve many problems that still exist in our society. The duty of lawyers is not only to punish people for various crimes: hooliganism, murder, traffic violation and so on but they must do their best to prevent crimes, to fight against evil in our society. They should help those people who committed an error to find the right road to their life.

The lawyers protect the rights and legal interests of citizens, institutions and organizations. All the citizens are equal before the law. Judges are elected for a term of 5 years.

In our country justice is exercised on the principles of equality of citizens before the law and the court, regardless of social position, property or official standing, nationality or race.

I. Переведите с английского языка на русский:

Family Law; defence counsels; Procurator’s Office; lаw-governed state; traffic violation; to fight against smth; to commit an error; legal interests; representative; equal authority; to be exercised on smth; regardless; property.

II. Переведите с русского языка на английский:

Трудовое право; гражданское право; разносторонний; следователь; судья; юрисконсульт; существовать; наказывать; преступления; ошибка; избирать.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, определяя видовременную форму глаголов.

1. I study at the Law Faculty.

2. You will work as lawyers in future.

3. Legislation to protect the public against terrorism gave the authorities certain exceptional powers.

4. Proceedings of all courts are open.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, определяя, чем является окончание — s: a) показателем множественного числа существительного; б) показателем притяжательного падежа; с) окончанием глагола в 3 л. ед. ч. в Present Simple.

1. All citizens are equal before the law.

2. All people before the court are presumed innocent, until the court finds them guilty.

3. My friends work at the Procurator’s Office.

V. Замените, где возможно, существительные с предлогом of формой притяжательного падежа:

The opinion of the lawyer, the signature of the judge, the conclusions of the expert, the office of legal consultants, the notebook of investigator, the absence of law, the courts of magistrates, a set of rules.

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.

1. More serious cases are heard in the Crown Courts.

2. The Justice Department is reasonable for faithful execution of the laws under the president’s authority.

3. As well as government departments there are government agencies formed to operate public services.

4. The Court reporter, who sits close to the witnesses and the judge, puts down every word that is spoken during the trial and also may record the proceedings on tape.

VII. Задайте вопросы к предложениям и поставьте их в отрицательную форму:

1. The profession of a lawyer is quite diversified.

2. The lawyers protect the rights of citizens.

3. England abolished judicial corporal punishment in 1948.

4. The profession of a lawyer will be the most respectful in the law-governed state.

5. The Government takes a number of measures to strengthen the criminal justice system.

VIII. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What disciplines are students taught at the Law Faculty?

2. What is the duty of lawyers?

3. Are all the citizens equal before the law?

4. How many years are judges elected for?

5. What is justice exercised on in our country?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Прочитайте и переведите текст.

TYPES OF LEGAL PROFESSION

SOLICITORS. There are about 50,000 solicitors, a number which is rapidly increasing, and they make up far the largest branch of the legal profession in England and Wales. They are found in every town, where they deal with all the day-today work of preparing legal documents for buying and selling houses, making wills, etc. Solicitors also work on court cases for their clients, prepare cases for barristers to present in the higher courts, and may represent their client in a Magistrates» court.

BARRISTERS. There are about 5,000 barristers who defend or prosecute in the higher courts. Although solicitors and barristers work together on cases, barristers specialize in representing clients in court and the training and career structures for the two types of lawyer are quite separate. In court, barristers wear wigs and gowns in keeping with the extreme formality of the proceedings. The highest level of barristers have the title QC (Queen’s Council).

JUDGES. There are a few hundred judges, trained as barristers, who preside in more serious cases. There is no separate training for judges.

JURY. A jury consists of twelve people («juriors»), who are ordinary people chosen at random from the Electoral Register (the list of people who can vote in elections). The jury listens to the evidence given in court in certain criminal cases and decide whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the person is found guilty, the punishment is passed by the presiding judge. Juries are rarely used in civil cases.

MAGISTRATES. There are about 30,000 magistrates (Justices of the Peace or JPs), who judge cases in the lower courts. There are usually unpaid and have no formal legal qualifications, but they are respectable people who are given some training.

CORONERS. Coroners have medical or legal training (or both), and inquire into violent or unnatural deaths.

CLERKS OF THE COURT. Clerks look after administrative and legal matters in the courtroom.

I. Переведите с английского языка на русский:

Rapidly increasing; to deal with. ; higher courts; to defend; to wear wigs and gowns; to preside in serious cases; to consist of. ; to vote; the defendant; to inquire into; to look after legal matters.

II. Переведите с русского языка на английский:

Судебное дело; преследовать в судебном порядке; наугад; выборы; невиновный; наказание; председательствующий судья; не иметь юридической квалификации; представительные люди; насильственная смерть.

III. Выберите правильное определение для каждой профессии, упомянутой в тексте:

a) an officer acting as a judge in the lower courts.

b) a public official with authority to hear and decide cases in a law court.

c) a group of people who swear to give a true decision on issues of in a law court.

d) an official who investigates the cause of any death thought to be violent or unnatural causes.

e) a lawyer who has the right to speak and argue in higher law courts.

f) a lawyer who prepares legal documents, advises, clients on legal and speaks for them in lower law courts,

IV. Верны или неверны следующие утверждения:

1. There are about 50,000 solicitors, a number of which is not increasing.

2. Solicitors prepare cases for barristers to present in the higher courts.

3. Sometimes solicitors and barristers work together on cases.

4. There is a separate training for judges.

5. There are about 30,000 magistrates, who judge cases in the higher courts.

V. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is the difference between solicitors and barristers ?

2. What is the highest level of barristers?

3. Who is «a juror»?

4. What do coroners do?

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определяя видовременную форму глаголов.

1. This man has not spoken in his defence.

2. When asked to explain the difference between an ordinary citizen and a lawyer, a well-known barrister explained.

3. Crime statistics had reflected different kinds of offences.

4. The police will have investigated the latest robbery by the beginning of the next week.

VII. Определите, является ли глагол «to have» смысловым или вспомогательным. Предложения переведите на русский язык.

1. Each country of the world has its own system of law.

2. The members of the jury listened to the speeches made by the persons who had brought the case before them.

3. French public law has never been codified.

4. In Greece each city had its own law.

VIII. Поставьте глагол в нужную форму и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In the seventh century B.C. the Greeks . (to begin) to put their laws into writing.

2. Many English laws. (to derive) from judicial precedents.

3. I think he . (to achieve) great success in his studies.

4. We . (to discuss) new aspects of privatization at the next seminar.

Источник

Методические
указания по выполнению контрольных
работ по английскому языку для
студентов-заочников 1 курса юридического
факультета

Основной целью
обучения студентов английскому языку
в неязыковом вузе является практическое
владение этим языком, что предполагает
при заочном обучении формирование
умения самостоятельно читать литературу
по специальности с целью извлечения
информации из иноязычных источников,
развитие навыков устной речи (говорение
и аудирование) в рамках определенной
Программой тематики. Для контроля
понимания прочитанного, в качестве
способа передачи полученной при чтении
информации, а также как средство обучения,
используется перевод.

Особенностью
заочного обучения является то, что объем
самостоятельной работы студента по
выработке речевых навыков и умений
значительно превышает объем практических
аудиторных занятий с преподавателем,
поэтому для того, чтобы добиться успеха,
необходимы систематические самостоятельные
занятия.

Самостоятельная
работа студента по изучению иностранного
языка включает в себя заучивание
лексических единиц, овладение правилами
словообразования и грамматики, чтение
текстов вслух в соответствии с правилами
чтения, построение вопросов и ответов
к текстам, перевод на русский язык
(устный и письменный).

Работая над учебным
материалом, подлежащим обязательному
изучению в течение семестра, студент
должен вести словарь, выписывая слова
с транскрипцией и в словарной форме.
Словарь и тетрадь с выполненными
упражнениями должны быть представлены
преподавателю.

Прежде чем приступить
к выполнению контрольной работы, следует
изучить и закрепить с помощью упражнений
грамматический материал семестра. При
выполнении контрольной работы следует
оставлять в тетради широкие поля для
замечаний рецензента. Материал контрольной
работы следует располагать в тетради
по следующему образцу:

Задания должны
быть выполнены полностью и в той
последовательности, в которой они
предложены; условия их необходимо
переписывать. Контрольная работа должна
быть выполнена в отдельной тетради, на
обложке которой следует указать номер
контрольного задания, номер варианта,
факультет и фамилию студента. (Преподавателю
на проверку должен быть представлен
только один вариант контрольного
задания; остальные варианты используются
в качестве дополнительного материала).

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
№ 1

1 вариант

1. Прочитайте и
переведите текст.

LAWYER

I’m a
student of the Samara State University. I study at the Law Faculty.
I’ll graduate from the University and become a professional lawyer.
To become a good lawyer one must know much. So at the University we
are taught various general and special subjects: Roman Law, Labour
Law, Family Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, Civil Law,
Criminal Law.

The profession of a lawyer is
quite diversified. The graduates of our faculty can work as
investigators, judges, defence counsels, legal consultants. I’d like
to be a judge and to work at a People’s Court. My friends work at the
Procurator’s Office, Police.

I think that now profession of
a lawyer is one of the most important in the lstate. Lawyers have to
solve many problems that still exist in our society. The duty of
lawyers is not only to punish people for various crimes: hooliganism,
murder, traffic violation and so on but they must do their best to
prevent crimes, to fight against evil in our society. They should
help those people who committed an error to find the right road to
their life.

The lawyers protect the rights
and legal interests of citizens, institutions and organizations. All
the citizens are equal before the law. Judges are elected for a term
of 5 years.

In our country justice is
exercised on the principles of equality of citizens before the law
and the court, regardless of social position, property or official
standing, nationality or race.

I. Переведите с
английского языка на русский:

Family Law;
defence counsels; Procurator’s Office; lаw-governed
state; traffic violation; to fight against smth; to commit an error;
legal interests; representative; equal authority; to be exercised on
smth; regardless; property.

II. Переведите с
русского языка на английский:

Трудовое право;
гражданское право; разносторонний;
следователь; судья; юрисконсульт;
существовать; наказывать; преступления;
ошибка; избирать.

III. Перепишите и
переведите предложения на русский язык,
определяя видовременную форму глаголов.

1. I study at the Law Faculty.

2. You will work as lawyers in
future.

3. Legislation to protect the
public against terrorism gave the authorities certain exceptional
powers.

4.
Proceedings of all courts are open.

IV. Перепишите и
переведите предложения на русский язык,
определяя, чем является окончание — s:
a) показателем множественного числа
существительного; б) показателем
притяжательного падежа; с) окончанием
глагола в 3 л. ед. ч. в Present Simple.

1. All citizens are equal
before the law.

2. All people before the court
are presumed innocent, until the court finds them guilty.

3. My friends work at the
Procurator’s Office.

V. Замените, где
возможно, существительные с предлогом
of формой притяжательного падежа:

The opinion of the lawyer, the
signature of the judge, the conclusions of the expert, the office of
legal consultants, the notebook of investigator, the absence of law,
the courts of magistrates, a set of rules.

VI. Перепишите
следующие предложения и переведите их,
обращая внимание на особенности перевода
на русский язык определений, выраженных
именем существительным.

1. More serious cases are
heard in the Crown Courts.

2. The
Justice Department is reasonable for faithful execution of the laws
under the president’s authority.

3. As well as government
departments there are government agencies formed to operate public
services.

4. The Court reporter, who
sits close to the witnesses and the judge, puts down every word that
is spoken during the trial and also may record the proceedings on
tape.

VII. Задайте вопросы
к предложениям и поставьте их в
отрицательную форму:

1. The profession of a lawyer
is quite diversified.

2. The lawyers protect the
rights of citizens.

3. England abolished judicial
corporal punishment in 1948.

4. The
profession of a lawyer will be the most respectful in the
law-governed state.

5. The Government takes a
number of measures to strengthen the criminal justice system.

VIII.
Ответьте
на
вопросы.

1. What disciplines are
students taught at the Law Faculty?

2. What is
the duty of lawyers?

3. Are all the citizens equal
before the law?

4. How many years are judges
elected for?

5. What is justice exercised
on in our country?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
№ 1

2 вариант

1. Прочитайте и
   переведите текст.

TYPES OF LEGAL PROFESSION

SOLICITORS. There are about
50,000 solicitors, a number which is rapidly increasing, and they
make up far the largest branch of the legal profession in England and
Wales. They are found in every town, where they deal with all the
day-today work of preparing legal documents for buying and selling
houses, making wills, etc. Solicitors also work on court cases for
their clients, prepare cases for barristers to present in the higher
courts, and may represent their client in a Magistrates» court.

BARRISTERS. There are about
5,000 barristers who defend or prosecute in the higher courts.
Although solicitors and barristers work together on cases, barristers
specialize in representing clients in court and the training and
career structures for the two types of lawyer are quite separate. In
court, barristers wear wigs and gowns in keeping with the extreme
formality of the proceedings. The highest level of barristers have
the title QC (Queen’s Council).

JUDGES. There are a few
hundred judges, trained as barristers, who preside in more serious
cases. There is no separate training for judges.

JURY. A jury consists of
twelve people («juriors»), who are ordinary people chosen
at random from the Electoral Register (the list of people who can
vote in elections). The jury listens to the evidence given in court
in certain criminal cases and decide whether the defendant is guilty
or innocent. If the person is found guilty, the punishment is passed
by the presiding judge. Juries are rarely used in civil cases.

MAGISTRATES. There are about
30,000 magistrates (Justices of the Peace or JPs), who judge cases in
the lower courts. There are usually unpaid and have no formal legal
qualifications, but they are respectable people who are given some
training.

CORONERS. Coroners have
medical or legal training (or both), and inquire into violent or
unnatural deaths.

CLERKS OF THE COURT. Clerks
look after administrative and legal matters in the courtroom.

I. Переведите с
английского языка на русский:

Rapidly increasing; to deal
with…; higher courts; to defend; to wear wigs and gowns; to preside
in serious cases; to consist of…; to vote; the defendant; to
inquire into; to look after legal matters.

II. Переведите с
русского языка на английский:

Судебное дело;
преследовать в судебном порядке; наугад;
выборы; невиновный; наказание;
председательствующий судья; не иметь
юридической квалификации; представительные
люди; насильственная смерть.

III. Выберите
правильное определение для каждой
профессии, упомянутой в тексте:

a) an officer acting as a
judge in the lower courts.

b) a public official with
authority to hear and decide cases in a law court.

c) a group of people who swear
to give a true decision on issues of in a law court.

d) an official who
investigates the cause of any death thought to be violent or
unnatural causes.

e) a lawyer who has the right
to speak and argue in higher law courts.

f) a lawyer who prepares legal
documents, advises, clients on legal and speaks for them in lower law
courts,

IV. Верны или неверны
следующие утверждения:

1. There are about 50,000
solicitors, a number of which is not increasing.

2. Solicitors prepare cases
for barristers to present in the higher courts.

3. Sometimes solicitors and
barristers work together on cases.

4. There is a separate
training for judges.

5. There are about 30,000
magistrates, who judge cases in the higher courts.

V. Ответьте
на
вопросы.

1. What is the difference
between solicitors and barristers ?

2. What is the highest level
of barristers?

3. Who is «a juror»?

4. What do coroners do?

VI. Перепишите и
переведите предложения, определяя
видовременную форму глаголов.

1. This man has not spoken in
his defence.

2. When asked to explain the
difference between an ordinary citizen and a lawyer, a well-known
barrister explained.

3. Crime statistics had
reflected different kinds of offences.

4. The police will have
investigated the latest robbery by the beginning of the next week.

VII. Определите,
является ли глагол «to have» смысловым
или вспомогательным. Предложения
переведите
на
русский
язык.

1. Each country of the world
has its own system of law.

2. The members of the jury
listened to the speeches made by the persons who had brought the case
before them.

3. French public law has never
been codified.

4. In Greece each city had its
own law.

VIII. Поставьте
глагол в нужную форму и переведите
предложения на русский язык.

1. In the seventh century B.C.
the Greeks … (to begin) to put their laws into writing.

2. Many English laws… (to
derive) from judicial precedents.

3. I think he … (to achieve)
great success in his studies.

4. We … (to discuss) new
aspects of privatization at the next seminar.

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