Как изменить цвет pagination swiper

Swiper is the most modern free mobile touch slider with hardware accelerated transitions and amazing native behavior.

Swiper Full HTML Layout

<!-- Slider main container -->
<div class="swiper">
  <!-- Additional required wrapper -->
  <div class="swiper-wrapper">
    <!-- Slides -->
    <div class="swiper-slide">Slide 1</div>
    <div class="swiper-slide">Slide 2</div>
    <div class="swiper-slide">Slide 3</div>
    ...
  </div>
  <!-- If we need pagination -->
  <div class="swiper-pagination"></div>

  <!-- If we need navigation buttons -->
  <div class="swiper-button-prev"></div>
  <div class="swiper-button-next"></div>

  <!-- If we need scrollbar -->
  <div class="swiper-scrollbar"></div>
</div>

Styles

Swiper package contains different sets of CSS, Less and SCSS styles:

CSS Styles

CSS styles for bundle version:

  • swiper-bundle.css — all Swiper styles including all modules styles (like Navigation, Pagination, etc.)
  • swiper-bundle.min.css — same as previous but minified

CSS styles for bundle version (package imports):

  • swiper/css — all Swiper styles including all modules styles (like Navigation, Pagination, etc.)
  • swiper/css/bundle — same as previous but minified

CSS styles for core version and modules (package imports):

  • swiper/css — only core Swiper styles
  • swiper/css/a11y — styles required for A11y module
  • swiper/css/autoplay — styles required for Autoplay module
  • swiper/css/controller — styles required for Controller module
  • swiper/css/effect-cards — styles required for Cards Effect module
  • swiper/css/effect-coverflow — styles required for Coverflow Effect module
  • swiper/css/effect-creative — styles required for Creative Effect module
  • swiper/css/effect-cube — styles required for Cube Effect module
  • swiper/css/effect-fade — styles required for Fade Effect module
  • swiper/css/effect-flip — styles required for Flip Effect module
  • swiper/css/free-mode — styles required for Free Mode module
  • swiper/css/grid — styles required for Grid module
  • swiper/css/hash-navigation — styles required for Hash Navigation module
  • swiper/css/history — styles required for History module
  • swiper/css/keyboard — styles required for Keyboard module
  • swiper/css/manipulation — styles required for Manipulation module
  • swiper/css/mousewheel — styles required for Mousewheel module
  • swiper/css/navigation — styles required for Navigation module
  • swiper/css/pagination — styles required for Pagination module
  • swiper/css/parallax — styles required for Parallax module
  • swiper/css/scrollbar — styles required for Scrollbar module
  • swiper/css/thumbs — styles required for Thumbs module
  • swiper/css/virtual — styles required for Virtual module
  • swiper/css/zoom — styles required for Zoom module

Less Styles

Less styles are separate styles for core version and modules (package imports):

  • swiper/less — only core Swiper styles
  • swiper/less/bundle — all Swiper styles including all modules styles (like Navigation, Pagination, etc.)
  • swiper/less/a11y — styles required for A11y module
  • swiper/less/autoplay — styles required for Autoplay module
  • swiper/less/controller — styles required for Controller module
  • swiper/less/effect-cards — styles required for Cards Effect module
  • swiper/less/effect-coverflow — styles required for Coverflow Effect module
  • swiper/less/effect-creative — styles required for Creative Effect module
  • swiper/less/effect-cube — styles required for Cube Effect module
  • swiper/less/effect-fade — styles required for Fade Effect module
  • swiper/less/effect-flip — styles required for Flip Effect module
  • swiper/less/free-mode — styles required for Free Mode module
  • swiper/less/grid — styles required for Grid module
  • swiper/less/hash-navigation — styles required for Hash Navigation module
  • swiper/less/history — styles required for History module
  • swiper/less/keyboard — styles required for Keyboard module
  • swiper/less/manipulation — styles required for Manipulation module
  • swiper/less/mousewheel — styles required for Mousewheel module
  • swiper/less/navigation — styles required for Navigation module
  • swiper/less/pagination — styles required for Pagination module
  • swiper/less/parallax — styles required for Parallax module
  • swiper/less/scrollbar — styles required for Scrollbar module
  • swiper/less/thumbs — styles required for Thumbs module
  • swiper/less/virtual — styles required for Virtual module
  • swiper/less/zoom — styles required for Zoom module

SCSS Styles

SCSS styles are also separate styles for core version and modules (package imports):

  • swiper/scss — only core Swiper styles
  • swiper/scss/bundle — all Swiper styles including all modules styles (like Navigation, Pagination, etc.)
  • swiper/scss/a11y — styles required for A11y module
  • swiper/scss/autoplay — styles required for Autoplay module
  • swiper/scss/controller — styles required for Controller module
  • swiper/scss/effect-cards — styles required for Cards Effect module
  • swiper/scss/effect-coverflow — styles required for Coverflow Effect module
  • swiper/scss/effect-creative — styles required for Creative Effect module
  • swiper/scss/effect-cube — styles required for Cube Effect module
  • swiper/scss/effect-fade — styles required for Fade Effect module
  • swiper/scss/effect-flip — styles required for Flip Effect module
  • swiper/scss/free-mode — styles required for Free Mode module
  • swiper/scss/grid — styles required for Grid module
  • swiper/scss/hash-navigation — styles required for Hash Navigation module
  • swiper/scss/history — styles required for History module
  • swiper/scss/keyboard — styles required for Keyboard module
  • swiper/scss/manipulation — styles required for Manipulation module
  • swiper/scss/mousewheel — styles required for Mousewheel module
  • swiper/scss/navigation — styles required for Navigation module
  • swiper/scss/pagination — styles required for Pagination module
  • swiper/scss/parallax — styles required for Parallax module
  • swiper/scss/scrollbar — styles required for Scrollbar module
  • swiper/scss/thumbs — styles required for Thumbs module
  • swiper/scss/virtual — styles required for Virtual module
  • swiper/scss/zoom — styles required for Zoom module

Initialize Swiper

Now, when we have Swiper’s HTML, we need to initialize it using the following function:

new Swiper(swiperContainer, parameters)- initialize swiper with options

  • swiperContainer — HTMLElement or string (with CSS Selector) of swiper container HTML element. Required.
  • parameters — object — object with Swiper parameters. Optional.
  • Method returns initialized Swiper instance

For example:

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  speed: 400,
  spaceBetween: 100,
});

After you initialize Swiper it is possible to access to Swiper’s instance on its HTMLElement. It is swiper property of Swiper’s HTML container element:

const swiper = document.querySelector('.swiper').swiper;

// Now you can use all slider methods like
swiper.slideNext();

Parameters

Let’s look on list of all available parameters:

Name Type Default Description
allowSlideNext boolean true

Set to false to disable swiping to next slide direction (to right or bottom)

allowSlidePrev boolean true

Set to false to disable swiping to previous slide direction (to left or top)

allowTouchMove boolean true

If false, then the only way to switch the slide is use of external API functions like slidePrev or slideNext

autoHeight boolean false

Set to true and slider wrapper will adapt its height to the height of the currently active slide

breakpoints object

Allows to set different parameter for different responsive breakpoints (screen sizes). Not all parameters can be changed in breakpoints, only those which do not require different layout and logic, like slidesPerView, slidesPerGroup, spaceBetween, grid.rows. Such parameters like loop and effect won’t work

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  // Default parameters
  slidesPerView: 1,
  spaceBetween: 10,
  // Responsive breakpoints
  breakpoints: {
    // when window width is >= 320px
    320: {
      slidesPerView: 2,
      spaceBetween: 20
    },
    // when window width is >= 480px
    480: {
      slidesPerView: 3,
      spaceBetween: 30
    },
    // when window width is >= 640px
    640: {
      slidesPerView: 4,
      spaceBetween: 40
    }
  }
})
const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  slidesPerView: 1,
  spaceBetween: 10,
  // using "ratio" endpoints
  breakpoints: {
    '@0.75': {
      slidesPerView: 2,
      spaceBetween: 20,
    },
    '@1.00': {
      slidesPerView: 3,
      spaceBetween: 40,
    },
    '@1.50': {
      slidesPerView: 4,
      spaceBetween: 50,
    },
  }
});
breakpointsBase string ‘window’

Base for breakpoints (beta). Can be window or container. If set to window (by default) then breakpoint keys mean window width. If set to container then breakpoint keys treated as swiper container width

Currently in beta and not supported by Swiper React and Vue components

centerInsufficientSlides boolean false

When enabled it center slides if the amount of slides less than slidesPerView. Not intended to be used loop mode and grid.rows

centeredSlides boolean false

If true, then active slide will be centered, not always on the left side.

centeredSlidesBounds boolean false

If true, then active slide will be centered without adding gaps at the beginning and end of slider. Required centeredSlides: true. Not intended to be used with loop or pagination

containerModifierClass string ‘swiper-‘

The beginning of the modifier CSS class that can be added to swiper container depending on different parameters

createElements boolean false

When enabled Swiper will automatically wrap slides with swiper-wrapper element, and will create required elements for navigation, pagination and scrollbar they are enabled (with their respective params object or with boolean true))

cssMode boolean false

When enabled it will use modern CSS Scroll Snap API. It doesn’t support all of Swiper’s features, but potentially should bring a much better performance in simple configurations.

This is what is not supported when it is enabled:

  • Cube effect
  • speed parameter may not have no effect
  • All transition start/end related events (use slideChange instead)
  • slidesPerGroup has limited support
  • simulateTouch doesn’t have effect and «dragging» with mouse doesn’t work
  • resistance doesn’t have any effect
  • allowSlidePrev/Next
  • swipeHandler
  • freeMode and all relevant features

In case if you use it with other effects, especially 3D effects, it is required to wrap slide’s content with <div className="swiper-slide-transform"> element. And if you use any custom styles on slides (like background colors, border radius, border, etc.), they should be set on swiper-slide-transform element instead.

  • @example
<div class="swiper">
  <div class="swiper-wrapper">
    <div class="swiper-slide">
      <!-- wrap slide content with transform element -->
      <div class="swiper-slide">
        ... slide content ...
      </div>
    </div>
    ...
  </div>
</div>
<script>
const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
   effect: 'flip',
   cssMode: true,
 });
</script>
direction ‘horizontal’ | ‘vertical’ ‘horizontal’

Can be 'horizontal' or 'vertical' (for vertical slider).

edgeSwipeDetection string | boolean false

Enable to release Swiper events for swipe-back work in app. If set to 'prevent' then it will prevent system swipe-back navigation instead

edgeSwipeThreshold number 20

Area (in px) from left edge of the screen to release touch events for swipe-back in app

effect ‘slide’ | ‘fade’ | ‘cube’ | ‘coverflow’ | ‘flip’ | ‘creative’ | ‘cards’ ‘slide’

Transition effect. Can be 'slide', 'fade', 'cube', 'coverflow', 'flip' or 'creative'

enabled boolean true

Whether Swiper initially enabled. When Swiper is disabled, it will hide all navigation elements and won’t respond to any events and interactions

focusableElements string ‘input, select, option, textarea, button, video, label’

CSS selector for focusable elements. Swiping will be disabled on such elements if they are «focused»

followFinger boolean true

If disabled, then slider will be animated only when you release it, it will not move while you hold your finger on it

grabCursor boolean false

This option may a little improve desktop usability. If true, user will see the «grab» cursor when hover on Swiper

height null | number null

Swiper height (in px). Parameter allows to force Swiper height. Useful only if you initialize Swiper when it is hidden and in SSR and Test environments for correct Swiper initialization

Setting this parameter will make Swiper not responsive

init boolean true

Whether Swiper should be initialised automatically when you create an instance. If disabled, then you need to init it manually by calling swiper.init()

initialSlide number 0

Index number of initial slide.

injectStyles string[]

Inject text styles to the shadow DOM. Only for usage with Swiper Element

injectStylesUrls string[]

Inject styles <link>s to the shadow DOM. Only for usage with Swiper Element

lazyPreloaderClass string ‘swiper-lazy-preloader’

CSS class name of lazy preloader

longSwipes boolean true

Set to false if you want to disable long swipes

longSwipesMs number 300

Minimal duration (in ms) to trigger swipe to next/previous slide during long swipes

longSwipesRatio number 0.5

Ratio to trigger swipe to next/previous slide during long swipes

loop boolean false

Set to true to enable continuous loop mode

Because of nature of how the loop mode works, it will add rearrange slides

loopPreventsSliding boolean true

If enabled then slideNext/Prev will do nothing while slider is animating in loop mode

loopedSlides null | number null

Defines how many slides before end/beginning it should rearrange (loop) slides. If not specified, defaults to slidesPerView

maxBackfaceHiddenSlides number 10

If total number of slides less than specified here value, then Swiper will enable backface-visibility: hidden on slide elements to reduce visual «flicker» in Safari.

It is not recommended to enable it on large amount of slides as it will reduce performance

modules SwiperModule[]

Array with Swiper modules

import Swiper, { Navigation, Pagination } from 'swiper';

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
   modules: [ Navigation, Pagination ],
 });
nested boolean false

Set to true on Swiper for correct touch events interception. Use only on swipers that use same direction as the parent one

noSwiping boolean true

Enable/disable swiping on elements matched to class specified in noSwipingClass

noSwipingClass string ‘swiper-no-swiping’

Specify noSwiping‘s element css class

noSwipingSelector string

Can be used instead of noSwipingClass to specify elements to disable swiping on. For example 'input' will disable swiping on all inputs

normalizeSlideIndex boolean true

Normalize slide index.

observeParents boolean false

Set to true if you also need to watch Mutations for Swiper parent elements

observeSlideChildren boolean false

Set to true if you also need to watch Mutations for Swiper slide children elements

observer boolean false

Set to true to enable Mutation Observer on Swiper and its elements. In this case Swiper will be updated (reinitialized) each time if you change its style (like hide/show) or modify its child elements (like adding/removing slides)

on object

Register event handlers

oneWayMovement boolean false

When enabled, will swipe slides only forward (one-way) regardless of swipe direction

passiveListeners boolean true

Passive event listeners will be used by default where possible to improve scrolling performance on mobile devices. But if you need to use e.preventDefault and you have conflict with it, then you should disable this parameter

preventClicks boolean true

Set to true to prevent accidental unwanted clicks on links during swiping

preventClicksPropagation boolean true

Set to true to stop clicks event propagation on links during swiping

preventInteractionOnTransition boolean false

When enabled it won’t allow to change slides by swiping or navigation/pagination buttons during transition

resistance boolean true

Set to false if you want to disable resistant bounds

resistanceRatio number 0.85

This option allows you to control resistance ratio

resizeObserver boolean true

When enabled it will use ResizeObserver (if supported by browser) on swiper container to detect container resize (instead of watching for window resize)

rewind boolean false

Set to true to enable «rewind» mode. When enabled, clicking «next» navigation button (or calling .slideNext()) when on last slide will slide back to the first slide. Clicking «prev» navigation button (or calling .slidePrev()) when on first slide will slide forward to the last slide.

Should not be used together with loop mode

roundLengths boolean false

Set to true to round values of slides width and height to prevent blurry texts on usual resolution screens (if you have such)

runCallbacksOnInit boolean true

Fire Transition/SlideChange/Start/End events on swiper initialization. Such events will be fired on initialization in case of your initialSlide is not 0, or you use loop mode

setWrapperSize boolean false

Enabled this option and plugin will set width/height on swiper wrapper equal to total size of all slides. Mostly should be used as compatibility fallback option for browser that don’t support flexbox layout well

shortSwipes boolean true

Set to false if you want to disable short swipes

simulateTouch boolean true

If true, Swiper will accept mouse events like touch events (click and drag to change slides)

slideActiveClass string ‘swiper-slide-active’

CSS class name of currently active slide

By changing classes you will also need to change Swiper’s CSS to reflect changed classes

Not supported in Swiper React/Vue components

slideClass string ‘swiper-slide’

CSS class name of slide

By changing classes you will also need to change Swiper’s CSS to reflect changed classes

Not supported in Swiper React/Vue components

slideNextClass string ‘swiper-slide-next’

CSS class name of slide which is right after currently active slide

By changing classes you will also need to change Swiper’s CSS to reflect changed classes

Not supported in Swiper React/Vue

slidePrevClass string ‘swiper-slide-prev’

CSS class name of slide which is right before currently active slide

By changing classes you will also need to change Swiper’s CSS to reflect changed classes

Not supported in Swiper React/Vue

slideToClickedSlide boolean false

Set to true and click on any slide will produce transition to this slide

slideVisibleClass string ‘swiper-slide-visible’

CSS class name of currently visible slide

By changing classes you will also need to change Swiper’s CSS to reflect changed classes

Not supported in Swiper React/Vue

slidesOffsetAfter number 0

Add (in px) additional slide offset in the end of the container (after all slides)

slidesOffsetBefore number 0

Add (in px) additional slide offset in the beginning of the container (before all slides)

slidesPerGroup number 1

Set numbers of slides to define and enable group sliding. Useful to use with slidesPerView > 1

slidesPerGroupAuto boolean false

This param intended to be used only with slidesPerView: 'auto' and slidesPerGroup: 1. When enabled, it will skip all slides in view on .slideNext() & .slidePrev() methods calls, on Navigation «buttons» clicks and in autoplay.

slidesPerGroupSkip number 0

The parameter works in the following way: If slidesPerGroupSkip equals 0 (default), no slides are excluded from grouping, and the resulting behaviour is the same as without this change.

If slidesPerGroupSkip is equal or greater than 1 the first X slides are treated as single groups, whereas all following slides are grouped by the slidesPerGroup value.

slidesPerView number | ‘auto’ 1

Number of slides per view (slides visible at the same time on slider’s container).

slidesPerView: 'auto' is currently not compatible with multirow mode, when grid.rows > 1

spaceBetween string | number 0

Distance between slides in px.

If you use «margin» css property to the elements which go into Swiper in which you pass «spaceBetween» into, navigation might not work properly.

speed number 300

Duration of transition between slides (in ms)

swipeHandler null | HTMLElement | CSSSelector null

String with CSS selector or HTML element of the container with pagination that will work as only available handler for swiping

threshold number 5

Threshold value in px. If «touch distance» will be lower than this value then swiper will not move

touchAngle number 45

Allowable angle (in degrees) to trigger touch move

touchEventsTarget ‘container’ | ‘wrapper’ ‘wrapper’

Target element to listen touch events on. Can be 'container' (to listen for touch events on swiper) or 'wrapper'(to listen for touch events on swiper-wrapper)

touchMoveStopPropagation boolean false

If enabled, then propagation of «touchmove» will be stopped

touchRatio number 1

Touch ratio

touchReleaseOnEdges boolean false

Enable to release touch events on slider edge position (beginning, end) to allow for further page scrolling

touchStartForcePreventDefault boolean false

Force to always prevent default for touchstart (pointerdown) event

touchStartPreventDefault boolean true

If disabled, pointerdown event won’t be prevented

uniqueNavElements boolean true

If enabled (by default) and navigation elements’ parameters passed as a string (like ".pagination") then Swiper will look for such elements through child elements first. Applies for pagination, prev/next buttons and scrollbar elements

updateOnWindowResize boolean true

Swiper will recalculate slides position on window resize (orientationchange)

url null | string null

Required for active slide detection when rendered on server-side and enabled history

userAgent null | string null

userAgent string. Required for browser/device detection when rendered on server-side

virtualTranslate boolean false

Enabled this option and swiper will be operated as usual except it will not move, real translate values on wrapper will not be set. Useful when you may need to create custom slide transition

watchOverflow boolean true

When enabled Swiper will be disabled and hide navigation buttons on case there are not enough slides for sliding.

watchSlidesProgress boolean false

Enable this feature to calculate each slides progress and visibility (slides in viewport will have additional visible class)

width null | number null

Swiper width (in px). Parameter allows to force Swiper width. Useful only if you initialize Swiper when it is hidden and in SSR and Test environments for correct Swiper initialization

Setting this parameter will make Swiper not responsive

wrapperClass string ‘swiper-wrapper’

CSS class name of slides’ wrapper

By changing classes you will also need to change Swiper’s CSS to reflect changed classes

Not supported in Swiper React/Vue

onAny function

Add event listener that will be fired on all events

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
   onAny(eventName, ...args) {
     console.log('Event: ', eventName);
     console.log('Event data: ', args);
   }
 });

Methods & Properties

After we initialize Slider we have its initialized instance in variable (like swiper variable in example above) with helpful methods and properties:

Properties
swiper.activeIndex number

Index number of currently active slide

Note, that in loop mode active index value will be always shifted on a number of looped slides

swiper.allowSlideNext boolean

Disable / enable ability to slide to the next slides by assigning false / true to this property

swiper.allowSlidePrev boolean

Disable / enable ability to slide to the previous slides by assigning false / true to this property

swiper.allowTouchMove boolean

Disable / enable ability move slider by grabbing it with mouse or by touching it with finger (on touch screens) by assigning false / true to this property

swiper.animating boolean

true if swiper is in transition

swiper.clickedIndex number

Index number of last clicked slide

swiper.clickedSlide HTMLElement

Link to last clicked slide (HTMLElement)

swiper.el HTMLElement

Slider container HTML element

swiper.height number

Height of container

swiper.isBeginning boolean

true if slider on most «left»/»top» position

swiper.isEnd boolean

true if slider on most «right»/»bottom» position

swiper.isLocked boolean

true if slide is «locked» (by watchOverflow) and slides can not be, e.g. when amount of slides is less that slides per view

swiper.originalParams SwiperOptions

Object with original initialization parameters

swiper.params SwiperOptions

Object with passed initialization parameters

swiper.previousIndex number

Index number of previously active slide

swiper.progress number

Current progress of wrapper translate (from 0 to 1)

swiper.realIndex number

Index number of currently active slide considering rearranged slides in loop mode

swiper.slides HTMLElement[]

Array of slides HTML elements. To get specific slide HTMLElement use swiper.slides[1]

swiper.snapGrid number[]

Slides snap grid

swiper.snapIndex number

Index number of current snap in snapGrid

swiper.swipeDirection ‘prev’ | ‘next’

Direction of sliding

swiper.touches object

Object with the following touch event properties:

  • swiper.touches.startX
  • swiper.touches.startY
  • swiper.touches.currentX
  • swiper.touches.currentY
  • swiper.touches.diff
swiper.translate number

Current value of wrapper translate

swiper.width number

Width of container

swiper.wrapperEl HTMLElement

Wrapper HTML element

swiper.defaults SwiperOptions

Swiper default options

swiper.extendedDefaults SwiperOptions

Object with global Swiper extended options

Methods
swiper.attachEvents()

Attach all events listeners again

swiper.changeDirection(direction, needUpdate)

Changes slider direction from horizontal to vertical and back.

  • direction‘horizontal’ | ‘vertical’ — New direction. If not specified, then will automatically changed to opposite direction
  • needUpdateboolean — Will call swiper.update(). Default true
swiper.changeLanguageDirection(direction)

Changes slider language

  • direction‘rtl’ | ‘ltr’ — New direction. Should be `rtl` or `ltr`
swiper.destroy(deleteInstance, cleanStyles)

Destroy slider instance and detach all events listeners

  • deleteInstanceboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) to not to delete Swiper instance
  • cleanStylesboolean — Set it to true (by default it is true) and all custom styles will be removed from slides, wrapper and container. Useful if you need to destroy Swiper and to init again with new options or in different direction
swiper.detachEvents()

Detach all events listeners

swiper.disable()

Disable Swiper (if it was enabled). When Swiper is disabled, it will hide all navigation elements and won’t respond to any events and interactions

swiper.emit(event, args)

Fire event on instance

swiper.enable()

Enable Swiper (if it was disabled)

swiper.getTranslate()

Get current value of swiper wrapper css3 transform translate

swiper.init(el)

Initialize slider

swiper.loopCreate()

!INTERNAL

swiper.loopDestroy()

!INTERNAL

swiper.off(event, handler)

Remove event handler

swiper.offAny(handler)

Remove event listener that will be fired on all events

swiper.on(event, handler)

Add event handler

swiper.onAny(handler)

Add event listener that will be fired on all events

swiper.once(event, handler)

Add event handler that will be removed after it was fired

swiper.setGrabCursor()

Set grab cursor

swiper.setProgress(progress, speed)

Set Swiper translate progress (from 0 to 1). Where 0 — its initial position (offset) on first slide, and 1 — its maximum position (offset) on last slide

  • progressnumber — Swiper translate progress (from 0 to 1).
  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms).
swiper.setTranslate(translate)

Set custom css3 transform’s translate value for swiper wrapper

swiper.slideNext(speed, runCallbacks)

Run transition to next slide.

  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms).
  • runCallbacksboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) and transition will not produce transition events.
swiper.slidePrev(speed, runCallbacks)

Run transition to previous slide.

  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms).
  • runCallbacksboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) and transition will not produce transition events.
swiper.slideReset(speed, runCallbacks)

Reset swiper position to currently active slide for the duration equal to ‘speed’ parameter.

  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms).
  • runCallbacksboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) and transition will not produce transition events.
swiper.slideTo(index, speed, runCallbacks)

Run transition to the slide with index number equal to ‘index’ parameter for the duration equal to ‘speed’ parameter.

  • indexnumber — Index number of slide.
  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms).
  • runCallbacksboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) and transition will not produce transition events.
swiper.slideToClosest(speed, runCallbacks)

Reset swiper position to closest slide/snap point for the duration equal to ‘speed’ parameter.

  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms).
  • runCallbacksboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) and transition will not produce transition events.
swiper.slideToLoop(index, speed, runCallbacks)

Does the same as .slideTo but for the case when used with enabled loop. So this method will slide to slides with realIndex matching to passed index

  • indexnumber — Index number of slide.
  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms).
  • runCallbacksboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) and transition will not produce transition events.
swiper.translateTo(translate, speed, runCallbacks, translateBounds)

Animate custom css3 transform’s translate value for swiper wrapper

  • translatenumber — Translate value (in px)
  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms)
  • runCallbacksboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) and transition will not produce transition events
  • translateBoundsboolean — Set it to false (by default it is true) and transition value can extend beyond min and max translate
swiper.unsetGrabCursor()

Unset grab cursor

swiper.update()

You should call it after you add/remove slides manually, or after you hide/show it, or do any custom DOM modifications with Swiper This method also includes subcall of the following methods which you can use separately:

swiper.updateAutoHeight(speed)

Force swiper to update its height (when autoHeight enabled) for the duration equal to ‘speed’ parameter

  • speednumber — Transition duration (in ms).
swiper.updateProgress()

recalculate swiper progress

swiper.updateSize()

recalculate size of swiper container

swiper.updateSlides()

recalculate number of slides and their offsets. Useful after you add/remove slides with JavaScript

swiper.updateSlidesClasses()

update active/prev/next classes on slides and bullets

swiper.extendDefaults(options)

Extend global Swiper defaults

swiper.use(modules)

Installs modules on Swiper in runtime.

Events

Swiper comes with a bunch of useful events you can listen. Events can be assigned in two ways:

  1. Using on parameter on swiper initialization:

    const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
      // ...
      on: {
        init: function () {
          console.log('swiper initialized');
        },
      },
    });
    
  2. Using on method after swiper initialization.

    const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
      // ...
    });
    swiper.on('slideChange', function () {
      console.log('slide changed');
    });
    

Please note, that this keyword within event handler always points to Swiper instance

Name Arguments Description
activeIndexChange (swiper)

Event will fired on active index change

afterInit (swiper)

Event will fired right after initialization

beforeDestroy (swiper)

Event will be fired right before Swiper destroyed

beforeInit (swiper)

Event will fired right before initialization

beforeLoopFix (swiper)

Event will be fired right before «loop fix»

beforeResize (swiper)

Event will fired before resize handler

beforeSlideChangeStart (swiper)

Event will fired before slide change transition start

beforeTransitionStart (swiper, speed, internal)

Event will fired before transition start

breakpoint (swiper, breakpointParams)

Event will be fired on breakpoint change

changeDirection (swiper)

Event will fired on direction change

click (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user click/tap on Swiper. Receives touchend event as an arguments.

destroy (swiper)

Event will be fired on swiper destroy

doubleClick (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user double click/tap on Swiper

doubleTap (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user double tap on Swiper’s container. Receives touchend event as an arguments

fromEdge (swiper)

Event will be fired when Swiper goes from beginning or end position

init (swiper)

Fired right after Swiper initialization.

lock (swiper)

Event will be fired when swiper is locked (when watchOverflow enabled)

loopFix (swiper)

Event will be fired after «loop fix»

momentumBounce (swiper)

Event will be fired on momentum bounce

observerUpdate (swiper)

Event will be fired if observer is enabled and it detects DOM mutations

orientationchange (swiper)

Event will be fired on orientation change (e.g. landscape -> portrait)

progress (swiper, progress)

Event will be fired when Swiper progress is changed, as an arguments it receives progress that is always from 0 to 1

reachBeginning (swiper)

Event will be fired when Swiper reach its beginning (initial position)

reachEnd (swiper)

Event will be fired when Swiper reach last slide

realIndexChange (swiper)

Event will fired on real index change

resize (swiper)

Event will be fired on window resize right before swiper’s onresize manipulation

setTransition (swiper, transition)

Event will be fired everytime when swiper starts animation. Receives current transition duration (in ms) as an arguments

setTranslate (swiper, translate)

Event will be fired when swiper’s wrapper change its position. Receives current translate value as an arguments

slideChange (swiper)

Event will be fired when currently active slide is changed

slideChangeTransitionEnd (swiper)

Event will be fired after animation to other slide (next or previous).

slideChangeTransitionStart (swiper)

Event will be fired in the beginning of animation to other slide (next or previous).

slideNextTransitionEnd (swiper)

Same as «slideChangeTransitionEnd» but for «forward» direction only

slideNextTransitionStart (swiper)

Same as «slideChangeTransitionStart» but for «forward» direction only

slidePrevTransitionEnd (swiper)

Same as «slideChangeTransitionEnd» but for «backward» direction only

slidePrevTransitionStart (swiper)

Same as «slideChangeTransitionStart» but for «backward» direction only

slideResetTransitionEnd (swiper)

Event will be fired in the end of animation of resetting slide to current one

slideResetTransitionStart (swiper)

Event will be fired in the beginning of animation of resetting slide to current one

sliderFirstMove (swiper, event)

Event will be fired with first touch/drag move

sliderMove (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user touch and move finger over Swiper and move it. Receives touchmove event as an arguments.

slidesGridLengthChange (swiper)

Event will be fired when slides grid has changed

slidesLengthChange (swiper)

Event will be fired when number of slides has changed

snapGridLengthChange (swiper)

Event will be fired when snap grid has changed

snapIndexChange (swiper)

Event will fired on snap index change

tap (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user click/tap on Swiper. Receives touchend event as an arguments.

toEdge (swiper)

Event will be fired when Swiper goes to beginning or end position

touchEnd (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user release Swiper. Receives touchend event as an arguments.

touchMove (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user touch and move finger over Swiper. Receives touchmove event as an arguments.

touchMoveOpposite (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user touch and move finger over Swiper in direction opposite to direction parameter. Receives touchmove event as an arguments.

touchStart (swiper, event)

Event will be fired when user touch Swiper. Receives touchstart event as an arguments.

transitionEnd (swiper)

Event will be fired after transition.

transitionStart (swiper)

Event will be fired in the beginning of transition.

unlock (swiper)

Event will be fired when swiper is unlocked (when watchOverflow enabled)

update (swiper)

Event will be fired after swiper.update() call

Modules

Navigation

Navigation Parameters

Name Type Default Description
navigation boolean | NavigationOptions

Object with navigation parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  navigation: {
    nextEl: '.swiper-button-next',
    prevEl: '.swiper-button-prev',
  },
});
{
disabledClass string ‘swiper-button-disabled’

CSS class name added to navigation button when it becomes disabled

enabled boolean

Boolean property to use with breakpoints to enable/disable navigation on certain breakpoints

hiddenClass string ‘swiper-button-hidden’

CSS class name added to navigation button when it becomes hidden

hideOnClick boolean false

Toggle navigation buttons visibility after click on Slider’s container

lockClass string ‘swiper-button-lock’

CSS class name added to navigation button when it is disabled

navigationDisabledClass string ‘swiper-navigation-disabled’

CSS class name added on swiper container when navigation is disabled by breakpoint

nextEl null | HTMLElement | CSSSelector null

String with CSS selector or HTML element of the element that will work like «next» button after click on it

prevEl null | HTMLElement | CSSSelector null

String with CSS selector or HTML element of the element that will work like «prev» button after click on it

}

Navigation Methods

Properties
swiper.navigation.nextEl HTMLElement

HTMLElement of «next» navigation button

swiper.navigation.prevEl HTMLElement

HTMLElement of «previous» navigation button

Methods
swiper.navigation.destroy()

Destroy navigation

swiper.navigation.init()

Initialize navigation

swiper.navigation.update()

Update navigation buttons state (enabled/disabled)

Navigation Events

Name Arguments Description
navigationHide (swiper)

Event will be fired on navigation hide

navigationNext (swiper)

Event will be fired on navigation next button click

navigationPrev (swiper)

Event will be fired on navigation prev button click

navigationShow (swiper)

Event will be fired on navigation show

Navigation CSS Custom Properties

--swiper-navigation-size: 44px;
--swiper-navigation-top-offset: 50%;
--swiper-navigation-sides-offset: 10px;
--swiper-navigation-color: var(--swiper-theme-color);
Name Type Default Description
pagination boolean | PaginationOptions

Object with pagination parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  pagination: {
    el: '.swiper-pagination',
    type: 'bullets',
  },
});
{
bulletActiveClass string ‘swiper-pagination-bullet-active’

CSS class name of currently active pagination bullet

bulletClass string ‘swiper-pagination-bullet’

CSS class name of single pagination bullet

bulletElement string ‘span’

Defines which HTML tag will be used to represent single pagination bullet. Only for 'bullets' pagination type.

clickable boolean false

If true then clicking on pagination button will cause transition to appropriate slide. Only for bullets pagination type

clickableClass string ‘swiper-pagination-clickable’

CSS class name set to pagination when it is clickable

currentClass string ‘swiper-pagination-current’

CSS class name of the element with currently active index in «fraction» pagination

dynamicBullets boolean false

Good to enable if you use bullets pagination with a lot of slides. So it will keep only few bullets visible at the same time.

dynamicMainBullets number 1

The number of main bullets visible when dynamicBullets enabled.

el null | HTMLElement | CSSSelector null

String with CSS selector or HTML element of the container with pagination

enabled boolean

Boolean property to use with breakpoints to enable/disable pagination on certain breakpoints

formatFractionCurrent function(number)

format fraction pagination current number. Function receives current number, and you need to return formatted value

formatFractionTotal function(number)

format fraction pagination total number. Function receives total number, and you need to return formatted value

hiddenClass string ‘swiper-pagination-hidden’

CSS class name of pagination when it becomes inactive

hideOnClick boolean true

Toggle (hide/show) pagination container visibility after click on Slider’s container

horizontalClass string ‘swiper-pagination-horizontal’

CSS class name set to pagination in horizontal Swiper

lockClass string ‘swiper-pagination-lock’

CSS class name set to pagination when it is disabled

modifierClass string ‘swiper-pagination-‘

The beginning of the modifier CSS class name that will be added to pagination depending on parameters

paginationDisabledClass string ‘swiper-pagination-disabled’

CSS class name added on swiper container and pagination element when pagination is disabled by breakpoint

progressbarFillClass string ‘swiper-pagination-progressbar-fill’

CSS class name of pagination progressbar fill element

progressbarOpposite boolean false

Makes pagination progressbar opposite to Swiper’s direction parameter, means vertical progressbar for horizontal swiper direction and horizontal progressbar for vertical swiper direction

progressbarOppositeClass string ‘swiper-pagination-progressbar-opposite’

CSS class name of pagination progressbar opposite

renderBullet function(index, className)

This parameter allows totally customize pagination bullets, you need to pass here a function that accepts index number of pagination bullet and required element class name (className). Only for 'bullets' pagination type

renderCustom function(swiper, current, total)

This parameter is required for 'custom' pagination type where you have to specify how it should be rendered.

renderFraction function(currentClass, totalClass)

This parameter allows to customize «fraction» pagination html. Only for 'fraction' pagination type

renderProgressbar function(progressbarFillClass)

This parameter allows to customize «progress» pagination. Only for 'progress' pagination type

totalClass string ‘swiper-pagination-total’

CSS class name of the element with total number of «snaps» in «fraction» pagination

type ‘bullets’ | ‘fraction’ | ‘progressbar’ | ‘custom’ ‘bullets’

String with type of pagination. Can be 'bullets', 'fraction', 'progressbar' or 'custom'

verticalClass string ‘swiper-pagination-vertical’

CSS class name set to pagination in vertical Swiper

}
Properties
swiper.pagination.bullets HTMLElement[]

Array of pagination bullets HTML elements. To get specific slide HTMLElement use swiper.pagination.bullets[1].

swiper.pagination.el HTMLElement

HTMLElement of pagination container element

Methods
swiper.pagination.destroy()

Destroy pagination

swiper.pagination.init()

Initialize pagination

swiper.pagination.render()

Render pagination layout

swiper.pagination.update()

Update pagination state (enabled/disabled/active)

Name Arguments Description
paginationHide (swiper)

Event will be fired on pagination hide

paginationRender (swiper, paginationEl)

Event will be fired after pagination rendered

paginationShow (swiper)

Event will be fired on pagination show

paginationUpdate (swiper, paginationEl)

Event will be fired when pagination updated

--swiper-pagination-color: var(--swiper-theme-color);
--swiper-pagination-left: auto;
--swiper-pagination-right: 8px;
--swiper-pagination-bottom: 8px;
--swiper-pagination-top: auto;
--swiper-pagination-fraction-color: inherit;
--swiper-pagination-progressbar-bg-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
--swiper-pagination-progressbar-size: 4px;
--swiper-pagination-bullet-size: 8px;
--swiper-pagination-bullet-width: 8px;
--swiper-pagination-bullet-height: 8px;
--swiper-pagination-bullet-inactive-color: #000;
--swiper-pagination-bullet-inactive-opacity: 0.2;
--swiper-pagination-bullet-opacity: 1;
--swiper-pagination-bullet-horizontal-gap: 4px;
--swiper-pagination-bullet-vertical-gap: 6px;

Scrollbar

Scrollbar Parameters

Name Type Default Description
scrollbar boolean | ScrollbarOptions

Object with scrollbar parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  scrollbar: {
    el: '.swiper-scrollbar',
    draggable: true,
  },
});
{
dragClass string ‘swiper-scrollbar-drag’

Scrollbar draggable element CSS class

dragSize number | ‘auto’ ‘auto’

Size of scrollbar draggable element in px

draggable boolean false

Set to true to enable make scrollbar draggable that allows you to control slider position

el null | HTMLElement | CSSSelector null

String with CSS selector or HTML element of the container with scrollbar.

enabled boolean

Boolean property to use with breakpoints to enable/disable scrollbar on certain breakpoints

hide boolean true

Hide scrollbar automatically after user interaction

horizontalClass string ‘swiper-scrollbar-horizontal’

CSS class name set to scrollbar in horizontal Swiper

lockClass string ‘swiper-scrollbar-lock’

Scrollbar element additional CSS class when it is disabled

scrollbarDisabledClass string ‘swiper-scrollbar-disabled’

CSS class name added on swiper container and scrollbar element when scrollbar is disabled by breakpoint

snapOnRelease boolean false

Set to true to snap slider position to slides when you release scrollbar

verticalClass string ‘swiper-scrollbar-vertical’

CSS class name set to scrollbar in vertical Swiper

}

Scrollbar Methods

Properties
swiper.scrollbar.dragEl HTMLElement

HTMLElement of Scrollbar draggable handler element

swiper.scrollbar.el HTMLElement

HTMLElement of Scrollbar container element

Methods
swiper.scrollbar.destroy()

Destroy scrollbar

swiper.scrollbar.init()

Initialize scrollbar

swiper.scrollbar.setTranslate()

Updates scrollbar translate

swiper.scrollbar.updateSize()

Updates scrollbar track and handler sizes

Scrollbar Events

Name Arguments Description
scrollbarDragEnd (swiper, event)

Event will be fired on draggable scrollbar drag end

scrollbarDragMove (swiper, event)

Event will be fired on draggable scrollbar drag move

scrollbarDragStart (swiper, event)

Event will be fired on draggable scrollbar drag start

Scrollbar CSS Custom Properties

--swiper-scrollbar-border-radius: 10px;
--swiper-scrollbar-top: auto;
--swiper-scrollbar-bottom: 4px;
--swiper-scrollbar-left: auto;
--swiper-scrollbar-right: 4px;
--swiper-scrollbar-sides-offset: 1%;
--swiper-scrollbar-bg-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
--swiper-scrollbar-drag-bg-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
--swiper-scrollbar-size: 4px;

Autoplay

Autoplay Parameters

Name Type Default Description
autoplay boolean | AutoplayOptions

Object with autoplay parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
 autoplay: {
   delay: 5000,
 },
});
{
delay number 3000

Delay between transitions (in ms). If this parameter is not specified, auto play will be disabled

If you need to specify different delay for specific slides you can do it by usingdata-swiper-autoplay (in ms) attribute on slide.

<!-- hold this slide for 2 seconds -->
<div class="swiper-slide" data-swiper-autoplay="2000">
disableOnInteraction boolean true

Set to false and autoplay will not be disabled after user interactions (swipes), it will be restarted every time after interaction

pauseOnMouseEnter boolean false

When enabled autoplay will be paused on pointer (mouse) enter over Swiper container.

reverseDirection boolean false

Enables autoplay in reverse direction

stopOnLastSlide boolean false

Enable this parameter and autoplay will be stopped when it reaches last slide (has no effect in loop mode)

waitForTransition boolean true

When enabled autoplay will wait for wrapper transition to continue. Can be disabled in case of using Virtual Translate when your slider may not have transition

}

Autoplay Methods

Properties
swiper.autoplay.paused boolean

Whether autoplay is paused

swiper.autoplay.running boolean

Whether autoplay enabled and running

swiper.autoplay.timeLeft number

If autoplay is paused, it contains time left (in ms) before transition to next slide

Methods
swiper.autoplay.pause()

Pause autoplay

swiper.autoplay.resume()

Resume autoplay

swiper.autoplay.start()

Start autoplay

swiper.autoplay.stop()

Stop autoplay

Autoplay Events

Name Arguments Description
autoplay (swiper)

Event will be fired when slide changed with autoplay

autoplayPause (swiper)

Event will be fired on autoplay pause

autoplayResume (swiper)

Event will be fired on autoplay resume

autoplayStart (swiper)

Event will be fired in when autoplay started

autoplayStop (swiper)

Event will be fired when autoplay stopped

autoplayTimeLeft (swiper, timeLeft, percentage)

Event triggers continuously while autoplay is enabled. It contains time left (in ms) before transition to next slide and percentage of that time related to autoplay delay

Free Mode

Free Mode Parameters

Name Type Default Description
freeMode boolean | FreeModeOptions

Enables free mode functionality. Object with free mode parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  freeMode: true,
});

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  freeMode: {
    enabled: true,
    sticky: true,
  },
});
{
enabled boolean false

Whether the free mode is enabled

minimumVelocity number 0.02

Minimum touchmove-velocity required to trigger free mode momentum

momentum boolean true

If enabled, then slide will keep moving for a while after you release it

momentumBounce boolean true

Set to false if you want to disable momentum bounce in free mode

momentumBounceRatio number 1

Higher value produces larger momentum bounce effect

momentumRatio number 1

Higher value produces larger momentum distance after you release slider

momentumVelocityRatio number 1

Higher value produces larger momentum velocity after you release slider

sticky boolean false

Set to enabled to enable snap to slides positions in free mode

}

Grid

Grid Parameters

Name Type Default Description
grid GridOptions

Object with grid parameters to enable «multirow» slider.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  grid: {
    rows: 2,
  },
});
{
fill ‘row’ | ‘column’ ‘column’

Can be 'column' or 'row'. Defines how slides should fill rows, by column or by row

rows number 1

Number of slides rows, for multirow layout

rows > 1 is currently not compatible with loop mode (loop: true)

}

Manipulation

Manipulation module adds useful Swiper methods to manipulate slides. It makes sense to use it only with Swiper Core version, not intended to be uses with Swiper React or Vue.

Manipulation Methods

Methods
swiper.addSlide(index, slides)

Add new slides to the required index. slides could be HTMLElement or HTML string with new slide or array with such slides, for example:

addSlide(1, '<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 10"</div>')

addSlide(1, [
 '<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 10"</div>',
 '<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 11"</div>'
]);
swiper.appendSlide(slides)

Add new slides to the end. slides could be HTMLElement or HTML string with new slide or array with such slides, for example:

appendSlide('<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 10"</div>')

appendSlide([
 '<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 10"</div>',
 '<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 11"</div>'
]);
swiper.prependSlide(slides)

Add new slides to the beginning. slides could be HTMLElement or HTML string with new slide or array with such slides, for example:

prependSlide('<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 0"</div>')

prependSlide([
 '<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 1"</div>',
 '<div class="swiper-slide">Slide 2"</div>'
]);
swiper.removeAllSlides()

Remove all slides

swiper.removeSlide(slideIndex)

Remove selected slides. slideIndex could be a number with slide index to remove or array with indexes.

removeSlide(0); // remove first slide
removeSlide([0, 1]); // remove first and second slides
removeAllSlides();    // Remove all slides

Parallax

Swiper supports parallax transition effects for swiper/slides nested elements. There are two types of parallax elements supported:

  • Direct child elements of swiper. Parallax effect for such elements will depend on total slider progress. Useful for parallax backgrounds
  • Slides child elements. Parallax effect for such elements will depend on slide progress

To enable parallax effects you need to init Swiper with passed parallax:true parameter and add one of the following (or mix) attributes to required elements:

  • data-swiper-parallax — enable transform-translate parallax transition. This attribute may accept:
    • number — value in px (as for title, subtitle in example above) to move element depending on progress. In this case such element will be moved on ± this value in px depending on slide position (next or previous)
    • percentage — (as for «parallax-bg») to move element depending on progress and on its size. In this case such element will be moved on ± this percentage of its size (width in horizontal direction, and height in vertical direction) depending on slide position (next or previous). So if element has 400px width and you specified data-swiper-parallax=»50%» then it will be moved on ± 200px
  • data-swiper-parallax-x — same but for x-axis direction
  • data-swiper-parallax-y — same but for y-axis direction
  • data-swiper-parallax-scale — scale ratio of the parallax element when it is in «inactive» (not on active slide) state
  • data-swiper-parallax-opacity — opacity of the parallax element when it is in «inactive» (not on active slide) state
  • data-swiper-parallax-duration — custom transition duration for parallax elements
<div class="swiper">
  <!-- Parallax background element -->
  <div
    class="parallax-bg"
    style="background-image:url(path/to/image.jpg)"
    data-swiper-parallax="-23%"
  ></div>
  <div class="swiper-wrapper">
    <div class="swiper-slide">
      <!-- Each slide has parallax title -->
      <div class="title" data-swiper-parallax="-100">Slide 1</div>
      <!-- Parallax subtitle -->
      <div class="subtitle" data-swiper-parallax="-200">Subtitle</div>
      <!-- And parallax text with custom transition duration -->
      <div
        class="text"
        data-swiper-parallax="-300"
        data-swiper-parallax-duration="600"
      >
        <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, ...</p>
      </div>
      <!-- Opacity parallax -->
      <div data-swiper-parallax-opacity="0.5">I will change opacity</div>
      <!-- Scale parallax -->
      <div data-swiper-parallax-scale="0.15">I will change scale</div>
    </div>
    ...
  </div>
</div>

Parallax Parameters

Name Type Default Description
parallax boolean | ParallaxOptions

Object with parallax parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  parallax: true,
});
{
enabled boolean false

Enable, if you want to use «parallaxed» elements inside of slider

}

Lazy Loading

Since version 9 Swiper doesn’t have specifid lazy loading API, as it relies on native browser lazy loading feature. To use lazy loading, we just need to set loading="lazy" on images and add preloader element:

<div class="swiper">
  <div class="swiper-wrapper">
    <!-- Lazy image -->
    <div class="swiper-slide">
      <img src="path/to/picture-1.jpg" loading="lazy" />
      <div class="swiper-lazy-preloader"></div>
    </div>

    <!-- Lazy image with srcset -->
    <div class="swiper-slide">
      <img
        src="path/to/logo-small.png"
        srcset="path/to/logo-large.png 2x"
        loading="lazy"
      />
      <div class="swiper-lazy-preloader"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

As you see:

  • Lazy image must have loading="lazy" attribute
  • Add animated preloader spinner to slide which will be removed automatically after image loaded:
<div class="swiper-lazy-preloader"></div>

Or white one for dark layout:

<div class="swiper-lazy-preloader swiper-lazy-preloader-white"></div>

Fade Effect

Be sure to have the effect param set to 'fade' in order for this to work.

Note that crossFade should be set to true in order to avoid seeing content behind or underneath.

Fade Effect Parameters

Name Type Default Description
fadeEffect FadeEffectOptions

Object with Fade-effect parameters

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  effect: 'fade',
  fadeEffect: {
    crossFade: true
  },
});
{
crossFade boolean false

Enables slides cross fade

}

Coverflow Effect

Be sure to have the effect param set to 'coverflow' in order for this to work.

Coverflow Effect Parameters

Name Type Default Description
coverflowEffect CoverflowEffectOptions

Object with Coverflow-effect parameters.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  effect: 'coverflow',
  coverflowEffect: {
    rotate: 30,
    slideShadows: false,
  },
});
{
depth number 100

Depth offset in px (slides translate in Z axis)

modifier number 1

Effect multiplier

rotate number 50

Slide rotate in degrees

scale number 1

Slide scale effect

slideShadows boolean true

Enables slides shadows

stretch number 0

Stretch space between slides (in px)

}

Flip Effect

Be sure to have the effect param set to 'flip' in order for this to work.

Flip Effect Parameters

Name Type Default Description
flipEffect FlipEffectOptions

Object with Flip-effect parameters

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  effect: 'flip',
  flipEffect: {
    slideShadows: false,
  },
});
{
limitRotation boolean true

Limit edge slides rotation

slideShadows boolean true

Enables slides shadows

}

Cube Effect

Be sure to have the effect param set to 'cube' in order for this to work.

Cube Effect Parameters

Name Type Default Description
cubeEffect CubeEffectOptions

Object with Cube-effect parameters

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  effect: 'cube',
  cubeEffect: {
    slideShadows: false,
  },
});
{
shadow boolean true

Enables main slider shadow

shadowOffset number 20

Main shadow offset in px

shadowScale number 0.94

Main shadow scale ratio

slideShadows boolean true

Enables slides shadows

}

Cards Effect

Be sure to have the effect param set to 'cards' in order for this to work.

Cards Effect Parameters

Name Type Default Description
cardsEffect CardsEffectOptions

Object with Cards-effect parameters

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  effect: 'cards',
  cardsEffect: {
    // ...
  },
});
{
perSlideOffset number 8

Offset distance per slide (in px)

perSlideRotate number 2

Rotate angle per slide (in degrees)

rotate boolean true

Enables cards rotation

slideShadows boolean true

Enables slides shadows

}

Creative Effect

Be sure to have the effect param set to 'creative' in order for this to work.

Creative Effect Parameters

Name Type Default Description
creativeEffect CreativeEffectOptions

Object with Creative-effect parameters

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  effect: 'creative',
  creativeEffect: {
    prev: {
      // will set `translateZ(-400px)` on previous slides
      translate: [0, 0, -400],
    },
    next: {
      // will set `translateX(100%)` on next slides
      translate: ['100%', 0, 0],
    },
  },
});
{
limitProgress number 1

Limit progress/offset to amount of side slides. If 1, then slides all slides after prev/next will have same state. If 2, then all slides after 2nd before/after active will have same state, etc.

next CreativeEffectTransform

Next slide transformations.

{
  // Array with translate X, Y and Z values
  translate: (string | number)[];
  // Array with rotate X, Y and Z values (in deg)
  rotate?: number[];
  // Slide opacity
  opacity?: number;
  // Slide scale
  scale?: number;
  // Enables slide shadow
  shadow?: boolean;
  // Transform origin, e.g. `left bottom`
  origin?: string;
}
perspective boolean true

Enable this parameter if your custom transforms require 3D transformations (translateZ, rotateX, rotateY )

prev CreativeEffectTransform

Previous slide transformations. Accepts object of the following type:

{
  // Array with translate X, Y and Z values
  translate: (string | number)[];
  // Array with rotate X, Y and Z values (in deg)
  rotate?: number[];
  // Slide opacity
  opacity?: number;
  // Slide scale
  scale?: number;
  // Enables slide shadow
  shadow?: boolean;
  // Transform origin, e.g. `left bottom`
  origin?: string;
}
progressMultiplier number 1

Allows to multiply slides transformations and opacity.

shadowPerProgress boolean false

Splits shadow «opacity» per slide based on limitProgress (only if transformation shadows enabled). E.g. setting limitProgress: 2 and enabling shadowPerProgress, will set shadow opacity to 0.5 and 1 on two slides next to active. With this parameter disabled, all slides beside active will have shadow with 1 opacity

}

Thumbs

In addition to Controller component Swiper comes with Thumbs component that is designed to work with additional thumbs swiper in a more correct way than Controller which is used for syncing two swipers.

Thumbs Parameters

Name Type Default Description
thumbs ThumbsOptions

Object with thumbs component parameters

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  ...
  thumbs: {
    swiper: thumbsSwiper
  }
});
{
autoScrollOffset number 0

Allows to set on which thumbs active slide from edge it should automatically move scroll thumbs. For example, if set to 1 and last visible thumb will be activated (1 from edge) it will auto scroll thumbs

multipleActiveThumbs boolean true

When enabled multiple thumbnail slides may get activated

slideThumbActiveClass string ‘swiper-slide-thumb-active’

Additional class that will be added to activated thumbs swiper slide

swiper null | Swiper null

Swiper instance of swiper used as thumbs or object with Swiper parameters to initialize thumbs swiper

thumbsContainerClass string ‘swiper-thumbs’

Additional class that will be added to thumbs swiper

}

Thumbs Methods

Properties
swiper.thumbs.swiper Swiper

Swiper instance of thumbs swiper

Methods
swiper.thumbs.init()

Initialize thumbs

swiper.thumbs.update(initial)

Update thumbs

Zoom

Swiper supports zoom images functionality (similar to what you see on iOS when browsing single photo) where you can zoom-in image by pinch gesture and or by zoom-in/out by double tap on it. In this case, additional layout is required:

<div class="swiper">
  <div class="swiper-wrapper">
    <div class="swiper-slide">
      <div class="swiper-zoom-container">
        <img src="path/to/image1.jpg" />
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="swiper-slide">
      <div class="swiper-zoom-container">
        <img src="path/to/image2.jpg" />
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="swiper-slide">Plain slide with text</div>
    <div class="swiper-slide">
      <!-- Override maxRatio parameter -->
      <div class="swiper-zoom-container" data-swiper-zoom="5">
        <img src="path/to/image1.jpg" />
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
  • All «zoomable» images should be wrapped with the div with swiper-zoom-container class.

  • By default it expects to zoom one of the img, picture or canvas element. If you want to make zoom on some other custom element, then just add swiper-zoom-target class to this element. For example:

    <div class="swiper">
      <div class="swiper-wrapper">
        <div class="swiper-slide">
          <div class="swiper-zoom-container">
            <!-- custom zoomable element -->
            <div
              class="swiper-zoom-target"
              style="background-image: url(...)"
            ></div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
    
  • You can override maxRatio parameter for specific slides by using data-swiper-zoom attribute on zoom container.

Zoom Parameters

Name Type Default Description
zoom boolean | ZoomOptions

Enables zooming functionality. Object with zoom parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  zoom: {
    maxRatio: 5,
  },
});
{
containerClass string ‘swiper-zoom-container’

CSS class name of zoom container

maxRatio number 3

Maximum image zoom multiplier

minRatio number 1

Minimal image zoom multiplier

toggle boolean true

Enable/disable zoom-in by slide’s double tap

zoomedSlideClass string ‘swiper-slide-zoomed’

CSS class name of zoomed in container

}

Zoom Methods

Properties
swiper.zoom.enabled boolean

Whether the zoom module is enabled

swiper.zoom.scale number

Current image scale ratio

Methods
swiper.zoom.disable()

Disable zoom module

swiper.zoom.enable()

Enable zoom module

swiper.zoom.in(ratio)

Zoom in image of the currently active slide. Optionally accepts custom zoom ratio

swiper.zoom.out()

Zoom out image of the currently active slide

swiper.zoom.toggle()

Toggle image zoom of the currently active slide

Zoom Events

Name Arguments Description
zoomChange (swiper, scale, imageEl, slideEl)

Event will be fired on zoom change

Keyboard Control

Keyboard Control Parameters

Name Type Default Description
keyboard boolean | KeyboardOptions

Enables navigation through slides using keyboard. Object with keyboard parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  keyboard: {
    enabled: true,
    onlyInViewport: false,
  },
});
{
enabled boolean false

Set to true to enable keyboard control

onlyInViewport boolean true

When enabled it will control sliders that are currently in viewport

pageUpDown boolean true

When enabled it will enable keyboard navigation by Page Up and Page Down keys

}

Keyboard Control Methods

Properties
swiper.keyboard.enabled boolean

Whether the keyboard control is enabled

Methods
swiper.keyboard.disable()

Disable keyboard control

swiper.keyboard.enable()

Enable keyboard control

Keyboard Events

Name Arguments Description
keyPress (swiper, keyCode)

Event will be fired on key press

Mousewheel Control

Mousewheel Control Parameters

Name Type Default Description
mousewheel boolean | MousewheelOptions

Enables navigation through slides using mouse wheel. Object with mousewheel parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  mousewheel: {
    invert: true,
  },
});
{
eventsTarget HTMLElement | ‘container’ | ‘wrapper’ | CSSSelector ‘container’

String with CSS selector or HTML element of the container accepting mousewheel events. By default it is swiper

forceToAxis boolean false

Set to true to force mousewheel swipes to axis. So in horizontal mode mousewheel will work only with horizontal mousewheel scrolling, and only with vertical scrolling in vertical mode.

invert boolean false

Set to true to invert sliding direction

releaseOnEdges boolean false

Set to true and swiper will release mousewheel event and allow page scrolling when swiper is on edge positions (in the beginning or in the end)

sensitivity number 1

Multiplier of mousewheel data, allows to tweak mouse wheel sensitivity

thresholdDelta null | number null

Minimum mousewheel scroll delta to trigger swiper slide change

thresholdTime null | number null

Minimum mousewheel scroll time delta (in ms) to trigger swiper slide change

}

Mousewheel Control Methods

Properties
swiper.mousewheel.enabled boolean

Whether the mousewheel control is enabled

Methods
swiper.mousewheel.disable()

Disable mousewheel control

swiper.mousewheel.enable()

Enable mousewheel control

Mousewheel Events

Name Arguments Description
scroll (swiper, event)

Event will be fired on mousewheel scroll

Virtual Slides

Virtual Slides module allows to keep just required amount of slides in DOM. It is very useful in terms in performance and memory issues if you have a lot of slides, especially slides with heavyweight DOM tree or images.

Note that according to Virtual Slides realization it doesn’t work with Grid module and slidesPerView: 'auto'

Virtual Slides Parameters

Name Type Default Description
virtual boolean | VirtualOptions

Enables virtual slides functionality. Object with virtual slides parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  virtual: {
    slides: ['Slide 1', 'Slide 2', 'Slide 3', 'Slide 4', 'Slide 5'],
  },
});
{
addSlidesAfter number 0

Increases amount of pre-rendered slides after active slide

addSlidesBefore number 0

Increases amount of pre-rendered slides before active slide

cache boolean true

Enables DOM cache of rendering slides html elements. Once they are rendered they will be saved to cache and reused from it.

enabled boolean false

Whether the virtual slides are enabled

renderExternal function(data)

Function for external rendering (e.g. using some other library to handle DOM manipulations and state like React.js or Vue.js). As an argument it accepts data object with the following properties:

  • offset — slides left/top offset in px
  • from — index of first slide required to be rendered
  • to — index of last slide required to be rendered
  • slides — array with slide items to be rendered
renderExternalUpdate boolean true

When enabled (by default) it will update Swiper layout right after renderExternal called. Useful to disable and update swiper manually when used with render libraries that renders asynchronously

renderSlide function(slide, index)

Function to render slide. As an argument it accepts current slide item for slides array and index number of the current slide. Function must return an outer HTML of the swiper slide or slide HTML element.

slides any[] []

Array with slides

}

Virtual Slides Methods

Properties
swiper.virtual.cache object

Object with cached slides HTML elements

swiper.virtual.from number

Index of first rendered slide

swiper.virtual.slides any[]

Array with slide items passed by virtual.slides parameter

swiper.virtual.to number

Index of last rendered slide

Methods
swiper.virtual.appendSlide(slide)

Append slide. slides can be a single slide item or array with such slides.

Only for Core version (in React & Vue it should be done by modifying slides array/data/source)

swiper.virtual.prependSlide(slide)

Prepend slide. slides can be a single slide item or array with such slides.

Only for Core version (in React & Vue it should be done by modifying slides array/data/source)

swiper.virtual.removeAllSlides()

Remove all slides

Only for Core version (in React & Vue it should be done by modifying slides array/data/source)

swiper.virtual.removeSlide(slideIndexes)

Remove specific slide or slides. slideIndexes can be a number with slide index to remove or array with indexes.

Only for Core version (in React & Vue it should be done by modifying slides array/data/source)

swiper.virtual.update(force)

Update virtual slides state

Virtual Slides Dom

Since version 9, Swiper virtual slides can work with slides originally rendered in DOM. On initialize it will remove them from DOM, cache and then re-use the ones which are required:

<div class="swiper">
  <div class="swiper-wrapper">
    <div class="swiper-slide">Slide 1</div>
    <div class="swiper-slide">Slide 2</div>
    ...
    <div class="swiper-slide">Slide 100</div>
  </div>
</div>
<script>
  const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
    virtual: {
      enabled: true,
    },
  });
</script>

Hash Navigation

Hash navigation is intended to have a link to specific slide that allows to load page with specific slide opened.

To make it work, you need to enable it by passing hashNavigation:true parameter and adding slides hashes in data-hash attribute:

<div class="swiper">
  <div class="swiper-wrapper">
    <div class="swiper-slide" data-hash="slide1">Slide 1</div>
    <div class="swiper-slide" data-hash="slide2">Slide 2</div>
    <div class="swiper-slide" data-hash="slide3">Slide 3</div>
    <div class="swiper-slide" data-hash="slide4">Slide 4</div>
    <div class="swiper-slide" data-hash="slide5">Slide 5</div>
    ...
  </div>
</div>
const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  //enable hash navigation
  hashNavigation: true,
});

Hash Navigation Parameters

Name Type Default Description
hashNavigation boolean | HashNavigationOptions

Enables hash url navigation to for slides. Object with hash navigation parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  hashNavigation: {
    replaceState: true,
  },
});
{
replaceState boolean false

Works in addition to hashnav to replace current url state with the new one instead of adding it to history

watchState boolean false

Set to true to enable also navigation through slides (when hashnav is enabled) by browser history or by setting directly hash on document location

}

Hash Navigation Events

Name Arguments Description
hashChange (swiper)

Event will be fired on window hash change

hashSet (swiper)

Event will be fired when swiper updates the hash

History Navigation

History Navigation Parameters

Name Type Default Description
history boolean | HistoryOptions

Enables history push state where every slide will have its own url. In this parameter you have to specify main slides url like "slides" and specify every slide url using data-history attribute.

Object with history navigation parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  history: {
    replaceState: true,
  },
});
<!-- will produce "slides/slide1" url in browser history -->
<div class="swiper-slide" data-history="slide1"></div>
{
enabled boolean false

Enables History Plugin.

keepQuery boolean false

Keep query parameters when changing browser url.

key string ‘slides’

Url key for slides

replaceState boolean false

Works in addition to hashnav or history to replace current url state with the new one instead of adding it to history

root string »

Swiper page root, useful to specify when you use Swiper history mode not on root website page. For example can be https://my-website.com/ or https://my-website.com/subpage/ or /subpage/

}

Controller

Controller Parameters

Name Type Default Description
controller ControllerOptions

Object with controller parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  controller: {
    inverse: true,
  },
});
{
by ‘slide’ | ‘container’ ‘slide’

Defines a way how to control another slider: slide by slide (with respect to other slider’s grid) or depending on all slides/container (depending on total slider percentage).

control string | Swiper | Swiper[] | HTMLElement

Pass here another Swiper instance or array with Swiper instances that should be controlled by this Swiper. Also accepts string with CSS selector of Swiper element, or HTMLElement of Swiper element

inverse boolean false

Set to true and controlling will be in inverse direction

}

Controller Methods

Properties
swiper.controller.control Swiper | Swiper[]

Pass here another Swiper instance or array with Swiper instances that should be controlled by this Swiper

Accessibility (a11y)

Accessibility Parameters

Name Type Default Description
a11y A11yOptions

Object with a11y parameters or boolean true to enable with default settings.

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  a11y: {
    prevSlideMessage: 'Previous slide',
    nextSlideMessage: 'Next slide',
  },
});
{
containerMessage null | string null

Message for screen readers for outer swiper container

containerRoleDescriptionMessage null | string null

Message for screen readers describing the role of outer swiper container

enabled boolean true

Enables A11y

firstSlideMessage string ‘This is the first slide’

Message for screen readers for previous button when swiper is on first slide

id null | string | number null

Value of id attribute to be set on swiper-wrapper. If null will be generated automatically

itemRoleDescriptionMessage null | string null

Message for screen readers describing the role of slide element

lastSlideMessage string ‘This is the last slide’

Message for screen readers for next button when swiper is on last slide

nextSlideMessage string ‘Next slide’

Message for screen readers for next button

notificationClass string ‘swiper-notification’

CSS class name of A11y notification

paginationBulletMessage string ‘Go to slide {{index}}’

Message for screen readers for single pagination bullet

prevSlideMessage string ‘Previous slide’

Message for screen readers for previous button

slideLabelMessage string ‘{{index}} / {{slidesLength}}’

Message for screen readers describing the label of slide element

slideRole string ‘group’

Value of swiper slide role attribute

}

Custom Build

You have two options of making custom version of Swiper.

Using JS Modules

If you use bundler with JS modules support in your project you can import only the modules you need:

// Import Swiper and modules
import Swiper, { Navigation, Pagination, Scrollbar } from 'swiper';

// Now you can use Swiper
const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
  // Install modules
  modules: [Navigation, Pagination, Scrollbar],
  speed: 500,
  navigation: {
    nextEl: '.swiper-button-next',
    prevEl: '.swiper-button-prev',
  },
  // ...
});

The following modules are exported:

  • Virtual — Virtual Slides module
  • Keyboard — Keyboard Control module
  • Mousewheel — Mousewheel Control module
  • Navigation — Navigation module
  • Pagination — Pagination module
  • Scrollbar — Scrollbar module
  • Parallax — Parallax module
  • FreeMode — Free Mode module
  • Grid — Grid module
  • Manipulation — Slides manipulation module (only for Core version)
  • Zoom — Zoom module
  • Controller — Controller module
  • A11y — Accessibility module
  • History — History Navigation module
  • HashNavigation — Hash Navigation module
  • Autoplay — Autoplay module
  • EffectFade — Fade Effect module
  • EffectCube — Cube Effect module
  • EffectFlip — Flip Effect module
  • EffectCoverflow — Coverflow Effect module
  • EffectCards — Cards Effect module
  • EffectCreative — Creative Effect module
  • Thumbs — Thumbs module

Using Build Script

Swiper comes with gulp builder that allows to build custom library version where you may include only required modules. We need the following:

  1. Download and unzip Swiper GitHub repository to local folder

  2. Install Node.js (if not installed)

  3. Now, we need to install required dependencies. Go to the folder with downloaded and unzipped Swiper repository and execute in terminal:

    $ npm install
    
  4. Open scripts/build-config.js file:

    module.exports = {
      // remove modules you don't need
      modules: [
        'virtual',
        'keyboard',
        'mousewheel',
        'navigation',
        'pagination',
        'scrollbar',
        'parallax',
        'zoom',
        'controller',
        'a11y',
        'history',
        'hash-navigation',
        'autoplay',
        'thumbs',
        'free-mode',
        'grid',
        'manipulation',
        'effect-fade',
        'effect-cube',
        'effect-flip',
        'effect-coverflow',
        'effect-creative',
        'effect-cards',
      ],
    };
    
  5. Now, we are ready to build custom version of Swiper:

    $ npm run build:prod
    
  6. That is all. Generated CSS and JS files and their minified versions will be available in dist/ folder.

TypeScript Definitions

Swiper is fully typed, it exports Swiper and SwiperOptions types:

// main.ts
import { Swiper, SwiperOptions } from 'swiper';

const swiperParams: SwiperOptions = {
  slidesPerView: 3,
  spaceBetween: 50,
};

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', swiperParams);

You can also check auto generated TypeScript definitions explorer for all the types, options, properties and methods.

First, check my video tutorial if you want to learn how to use Swiper with Oxygen : How To Use Swiper With Oxygen

SwiperJS is the most popular Slider library for a reason.
Whilst it offers ton of options for customization, it can be a little bit tricky to use.

Here are some valuable tips, that can be useful even if you don’t use Oxygen (actually most of them are used in the new Breakdance Builder)

  • Arrows outside the slider
  • Better selectors
  • Custom CSS variables
  • Size and aspect ratio
  • Custom navigation arrows
  • Adding your own transition animations
  • The Parallax Trick
  • Continuous Looping Effect
  • Swiper with GSAP
  • Some fun examples

Moving the arrows outside the slider

When using the default structure, the arrows will always be on top of the slider.

The common mistake is to move the arrows by changing their current right and left CSS properties. By doing so, they can be outside the container, but you will have to deal with the media-queries to change their positions for each breakpoints.

The best and safest way to do, it’s to change the structure of the full slider.

Here is the original structure (notice the pagination and buttons are at the same level of swiper-wrapper)

And here is the new structure.

We  have added a new container (that we have called swiper-container), and we have moved the pagination and buttons so now they are at the same level as swiper (and not swiper-wrapper, as it was previously).

We then add some CSS for our new container.
And finally we just need to adjust the padding size for your arrows:

/* the new container */
.swiper-container {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0 40px;
}

/* fix the buttons positions */
.swiper-button-prev {
    left: 0;
}

.swiper-button-next {
    right: 0;
}

Now our arrows are outside and it’s fully responsive:

Better selectors

To keep the default style, you should always use the default selectors:

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper', {
    // If we need pagination
    pagination: {
        el: '.swiper-pagination',
    },
    // Navigation arrows
    navigation: {
        nextEl: '.swiper-button-next',
        prevEl: '.swiper-button-prev',
    },
});

But if you plan to have more than one slider in a page, don’t forget to add a unique class or ID:

const swiper = new Swiper('.swiper-container-1 .swiper', {
    // If we need pagination
    pagination: {
        el: '.swiper-container-1 .swiper-pagination',
    },
    // Navigation arrows
    navigation: {
        nextEl: '.swiper-container-1 .swiper-button-next',
        prevEl: '.swiper-container-1 .swiper-button-prev',
    },
});

Custom CSS variables

Swiper has some ready-made CSS variable so you can easily style some of his components.

Apply them to the :root if you want all your sliders to have the same style, or to their main containers.

Here are the CSS variables with their default values:

.swiper-container-1 {
    --swiper-theme-color: #007aff;

    --swiper-navigation-size: 44px;
    --swiper-navigation-color: var(--swiper-theme-color);

    --swiper-pagination-color: var(--swiper-theme-color);
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-horizontal-gap: 4px;
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-vertical-gap: 6px;
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-size: 8px;
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-width: 8px;
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-height: 8px;
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-opacity: 1;
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-inactive-color: black;
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-inactive-opacity: .2;
    --swiper-pagination-bullet-horizontal-gap: 4px;

    --swiper-preloader-color: var(--swiper-theme-color);
    --swiper-virtual-size: 80px;
}

Size and Aspect ratio

There are different way to set the size of a slider.

If you want it to be 400px high all the time, whatever the resolution, and use some media-queries if you want to be smaller/bigger is smaller resolutions.

.swiper {
    width: 100%;
    height: 400px;
}

If you prefer to have a specific aspect ratio, you have to set the height to auto:

.swiper {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    aspect-ratio: 16/9
}

if you want your content to have a specific aspect ratio, like all square, then you set :

.swiper {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

.swiper-slide {
    aspect-ratio: 1
}

note that the aspect-ratio CSS property is not supported by some old browsers. You can use the padding trick instead.

Custom navigation arrows

The navigation arrows are very minimalist and kind of trouble to customize.
So instead of using the inbuild arrows, we can use our own SVG files, or better, the Oxygen Icon element :

In that case, we must use our own classes, instead of the default ones:

// Navigation arrows
navigation: {
    nextEl: '.my-cool-arrow-next',
    prevEl: '.my-cool-arrow-prev',
}

But you have to deal with the positioning by yourself, as swiper won’t apply any styling.

.my-cool-arrow-prev {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 0;
    transform: translatey(-50%);
    z-index: 10;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.my-cool-arrow-next {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 0;
    transform: translatey(-50%);
    z-index: 10;
    cursor: pointer;
}

I have centered them vertically, as the same position of the swiper default one, but actually you can put them anywhere you want. There is no limitation in term of styling and positioning.

You can see plenty of examples in my DEZIGN4FUN slider set

Adding your own transition animations

With only few classes, we can control and customize the transition animations

/* the default style of each slide */
.swiper-slide {}

/* the active slide */
.swiper-slide-active {}

/* the slide just next to the active slide */
.swiper-slide-next {}

/* the slide before the active slide */
.swiper-slide-prev {}

/* same classes but for the duplicate slides, when in loop mode */

.swiper-slide-duplicate-active {}
.swiper-slide-duplicate-next {}
.swiper-slide-duplicate-prev {}

Important

1 — You must use the -duplicate- classes (see example below) when you are in loop mode, or your animation won’t work properly

2 — Do not modify these classes directly! It might not always work as expected. Instead, style and animate their content.

DON’T DO THAT: .swiper-slide { opacity: 0.1 }

DO THAT: .swiper-slide img { opacity: 0.1 }

Example :

The following code will set all the slides with an opacity of 0.1
The active slide will have an opacity of 1
The next and previous slides will have an opacity of 1 and will be grey.

.swiper-slide img {
    opacity: 0.1;
    transition: .3s ease all
}

.swiper-slide-active img,
.swiper-slide-duplicate-active img {
    opacity: 1
}

.swiper-slide-next img,
.swiper-slide-duplicate-next img {
    filter: grayscale(100%);
    opacity: 1;
}

.swiper-slide-prev img,
.swiper-slide-duplicate-prev img {
    filter: grayscale(100%);
    opacity: 1;
}

Notice the difference between the 2 following sliders:
— The first one has the default settings, which means that the active slide is the first one on the left.
— The second one has the option centeredSlides:true, which means that the active slide is centered.

The Parallax Trick

We can make some parallax effects with Swiper ( https://swiperjs.com/swiper-api#parallax ) but this little trick is not about that.

Check the 2 following sliders. The first one has the parallax option set to false. The second one has the parallax option set to true.
Even if they don’t have any parallax effect, there is still a difference between them.

Click and drag (to the right and left) on each sliders. Do you see a difference?

In the second one (parallax:true) the CSS effects we have added will still be animated while dragging the slide. (which is not the case by default).

Continuous Looping Effect

Swiper doesn’t have an option to make a continuous looping scrolling effect, so the only way is to set the autoplay delay to 0, and change the easing to a linear transition.

autoplay: {
    delay: 0,
},
.swiper-wrapper {
    transition-timing-function: linear
}

It’s not very smooth and there is a kind of little lag sometimes. Some other slider libs have better option for that kind of effect. 

Swiper with GSAP

Check this tutorial

Some fun examples

I have made plenty of examples in my DEZIGN4FUN website, using these same exact techniques:

Testimonial Sliders — Content Tickers Sliders — Dynamic Sliders

Some cool and
useless effect

Sliders are functional user interface units that organize pieces of information in a condensed and cyclical manner within a limited space. Sliders consist of the following components:

  • Containers, or the boxes that house the slider components
  • Slides, or the content area that includes text, images, videos, and buttons
  • Navigation icons that guide users through the slides
  • Pagination visualizers that serve as additional navigation, usually bullets or numbers placed on the bottom of the container

In addition, sliders are built with transition effects to avoid abrupt changes from one block of content to another. Building these sliders from scratch, and covering their components and transition, can be intimidating. That is why in this article we will use Swiper to create modern, fast, responsive, and native (mobile-first) touch sliders with amazing transitions.

Contents

  • What is Swiper?
  • Getting started with Swiper
  • Defining the markup
  • Implementing movement and navigation
  • Implementing transition effects
  • Implementing sliders for image galleries
  • Custom controls

What is Swiper?

Swiper is a JavaScript library that creates modern touch sliders with hardware-accelerated transitions (utilizing GPU to offload graphic-intensive transitions and create smoother visuals) and excellent native behavior. Swiper is available for vanilla JavaScript, Angular, React, Vue.js, and Svelte.

Some of the best websites that use Swiper JS can be found here.

Swiper is a completely free and open-source library with over 30.1k stars and 9.6k forks on GitHub. Some key features of Swiper include:

  • Responsive design
  • Rich API
  • Image lazy loading
  • Library agnostic
  • Mobile-friendly
  • Multi-row slide layout
  • Flexbox layout
  • Virtual slides for better performance
  • Nested sliders
  • Full navigation control
  • Transition effects (fade, 3D Cube, 3D overflow, parallax, cards, and creative)
  • Works on iOS, Android, and the latest desktop browsers
  • RTL (right-to-left) layout
  • Keyboard and mouse interaction and control
  • Mutation observer
  • Autoplay
  • Loop mode

Getting started with Swiper

At the time of writing, Swiper is currently on v.8; however, check for the respective migration guide to upgrade from Swiper 6 to Swiper 7 or from Swiper 7 to Swiper 8.

There are three options for importing Swiper into your project:

  1. Download and use Swiper assets locally here
  2. Use Swiper as a content delivery network (CDN) by adding the following to your HTML file head and body, respectively:
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/swiper-bundle.min.css"/>

    <script src="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/swiper-bundle.min.js"></script>
  1. Install from npm using the installation command $ npm install swiper

For this article, we will be using option two.

Defining the markup

Basic swiper slide markup

The HTML markup to structure our project web page, layout, and its contents are shown in the image above. The HTML markup is as follows:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
   <meta charset="UTF-8">
   <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
   <title>Swiper Article</title>
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/swiper-bundle.min.css"/>


</head>
<body>
   <div class="container">
       <!-- Project content container -->
       <div class="project_content">
           <h1>Swiper JS</h1>
           <h2>Building modern sliders with HTML, CSS and Swiper JS</h2>
           <h2>Author: Aboze Brain</h2>
           <p>Bio: Aboze Brain John is a data scientist. He has experience in data science and analytics, software engineering, product research and technical writing</p>
           <p>The code can be found on GitHub <a href="#">here</a> and the article can be found on Logrocket blog <a href="#">here</a></p>
           <p></p>
           <img src="/logrocket.png" alt="logrocket logo">
       </div>
       <!-- Slider main container -->
       <div class="swiper mySwiper">
           <div class="swiper-wrapper">
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_1">Slide 1</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_2">Slide 2</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_3">Slide 3</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_4">Slide 4</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_5">Slide 5</div>
           </div>
         </div>
   </div>


   <script src="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/swiper-bundle.min.js"></script>
   <script src="/script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

In the HTML markup, you can see that our project consists of five slides. Next, let’s style the default HTML markup using CSS as shown below:

/* Import google font (Balsamiq Sans) */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Balsamiq+Sans:ital,[email protected],400;0,700;1,400;1,700&display=swap');


/* Box sizing rules */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
   box-sizing: border-box;
}


/* Remove default padding and margin */
* {
   padding: 0;
   margin: 0;
}


/* Default anchor tag styling */
a {
   text-decoration: none;
   color: black;
}


a:hover {
   cursor: pointer;
}


/* Default image styling */
img {
   padding: 1rem;
   max-width: 75%;
   height: auto;
}


/* Body styling */
html,
body {
 position: relative;
 height: 100%;
}


body {
   font-family: 'Balsamiq Sans', cursive, "Roboto Mono";
   font-size: 1.2rem;
   text-align:justify;
}


.container {
   display: grid;
   grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
   grid-gap: 1rem;
}


.container > div {
   top: 25vh;
   height: 50vh;
}


div.project_content {
   padding-top: 25vh;
   justify-items: center;
   align-items: center;
}
.project_content h1,h2, p {
   padding: 0.2rem 1rem;
}


.project_container img {
   height: 75%;
}


/* Swiper container stylng */
.swiper {
   right: 1rem;
   width: 100%;
   height: 100%;
}


.swiper-slide {
   text-align: center;
    /* Center slide text vertically */
   display: -webkit-box;
   display: -ms-flexbox;
   display: -webkit-flex;
   display: flex;
   -webkit-box-pack: center;
   -ms-flex-pack: center;
   -webkit-justify-content: center;
   justify-content: center;
   -webkit-box-align: center;
   -ms-flex-align: center;
   -webkit-align-items: center;
   align-items: center;
}
 .swiper-slide img {
   display: block;
   width: 100%;
   height: 100%;
   object-fit: cover;
 }


.slide_1 {
   background-color:#643ca3 ;
}


.slide_2 {
   background-color:#e38364 ;
}


.slide_3 {
   background-color:#faf47a ;
}


.slide_4 {
   background-color:#64e3c1 ;
}


.slide_5 {
   background-color:#9e6ffd ;
}

Next, we initialize Swiper in this project with JavaScript. The JavaScript is as follows:

//  Initialize Swiper
let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {});

Note that the class in the Swiper container ".mySwiper" is used to create a Swiper object in the JavaScript file.

Implementing movement and navigation

For the default web page, we can see that the five slides are overlapping each other, and there’s no way to view the slides one at a time except by using the mouse to swipe over.

This is not the most intuitive or clear way to communicate information. Swipers are supposed to be tools for displaying lots of information in a small space, so let’s see how we can improve this system with Swiper.

Pagination

As we learned earlier, pagination is just a set of traditional bullets or numbers placed on the bottom of the container (in this case, the box that covers the slides). The pagination shows how many sliders are overlapping in the container.

pagination visualization

It can easily be implemented on the default files we have, by making some changes. On the HTML file, we need to add the pagination container under the sliders container as follows:

<div class="swiper mySwiper">
           <div class="swiper-wrapper">
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_1">Slide 1</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_2">Slide 2</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_3">Slide 3</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_4">Slide 4</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_5">Slide 5</div>
           </div>
           <div class="swiper-pagination"></div>
</div>

The CSS remains the same, but we need to make changes to our JavaScript file to initiate the pagination effect:

//  Initialize Swiper
let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
   pagination: {
     el: ".swiper-pagination",
   },
 });

Now, our slider indicates how many slides we have in total, and which slide we are viewing at the moment.

Pagination demonstration

Navigation

Navigation, just like pagination, serves as a tool to guide through the slides with a click rather than swiping with the mouse. It consists of a left and right arrow located on the sides of the slides container.

Navigation visualization

Let’s make the respective changes to our default files. On our HTML file, just like the pagination, we need to add the navigation containers under the sliders container as follows:

<div class="swiper mySwiper">
           <div class="swiper-wrapper">
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_1">Slide 1</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_2">Slide 2</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_3">Slide 3</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_4">Slide 4</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_5">Slide 5</div>
           </div>
           <div class="swiper-button-next"></div>
           <div class="swiper-button-prev"></div>
       </div>

Next, we need to add some styling to our CSS for arrow positioning (at the center of the slides container) and removing the arrow component outline as follows:

.swiper-button-next,
.swiper-button-prev {
   outline: none;
}


div.swiper-button-next, div.swiper-button-prev {
  top: 70%
}

Next, we initiate the navigation effect on our JavaScript file as follows:

//  Initialize Swiper
let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
   navigation: {
     nextEl: ".swiper-button-next",
     prevEl: ".swiper-button-prev",
   },
 });

navigation demonstration

Scroll

Scroll aids simple horizontal scrollable sliders moving to start from left to right. It can easily be implemented by making the following changes on the default settings.

scroll demonstration

First, on the HTML markup, we will be making changes to the Swiper container as follows:

<div class="swiper mySwiper">
           <div class="swiper-wrapper">
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_1">Slide 1</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_2">Slide 2</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_3">Slide 3</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_4">Slide 4</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_5">Slide 5</div>
           </div>
           <div class="swiper-scrollbar"></div>
       </div>

Next, using the default CSS, let’s initiate the scroll effect on the JavaScript file as follows:

//  Initialize Swiper
letswiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
 scrollbar: {
   el: ".swiper-scrollbar",
   hide: true,
 },
});

Now, you can see a scroll bar at the bottom of our slides.

Vertical

Vertical means vertical pagination; vertical pagination is just like the regular pagination we covered previously, but the bullet points are in a vertical orientation.

Vertical pagination

The HTML markup is the same as the horizontal pagination, we just need to specify the orientation in our JavaScript file as follows:

//  Initialize Swiper
let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
 direction: "vertical",
 pagination: {
   el: ".swiper-pagination",
   clickable: true,
   hide: true,
 },
});

Now, we can see the slides moving up and down instead of side to side.

Vertical pagination demonstration

Nested

Nested sliders are a bit trickier. They are a combination of both the horizontal and vertical display of sliders with pagination to give you more information about the number of slides on each axis.

Nested visualization

Let’s implement this using the default settings, on our HTML markup. The following changes should be made on the swiper container as follows:

<div class="swiper mySwiper swiper-h">
           <div class="swiper-wrapper">
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_1">Horizontal Slide 1</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_2">Horizontal Slide 2</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide">
               <div class="swiper mySwiper2 swiper-v">
                 <div class="swiper-wrapper">
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_3">Horizontal Slide 3 & Vertical Slide 1</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide v_slide_2">Vertical Slide 2</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide v_slide_3">Vertical Slide 3</div>
                 </div>
                 <div class="swiper-pagination"></div>
               </div>
             </div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_4">Horizontal Slide 4</div>
           </div>
           <div class="swiper-pagination"></div>
         </div>

Next, we need to specify some changes in our default CSS file to accommodate the vertical slide color as follows:

.v_slide_2 {
   background-color: #c164e3;
}


.v_slide_3 {
   background-color: #e3c164;
}

Then, we have to initiate both the vertical and horizontal sliders with pagination on our JavaScript script:

let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
 spaceBetween: 50,
 pagination: {
   el: ".swiper-pagination",
   clickable: true,
 },
});


let swiper2 = new Swiper(".mySwiper2", {
 direction: "vertical",
 spaceBetween: 50,
 pagination: {
   el: ".swiper-pagination",
   clickable: true,
 },
});

Nested pagination demonstration

Implementing transition effects

Sliders in web designs are incorporated with a range of transition effects to avoid overwhelming and abrupt shifts between blocks of information. For the context of this article, we will be focusing on the cube effect and the cards effect.

Cube effect

The cube effect transition makes the slides look like they are sides on a rotating cube. Changing from one slide to the next spins the cube to bring the desired slide to the front.

To implement the cube effect, on our default files we will make the following changes.

On our HTML markup we will update the swiper container as follows:

<div class="swiper mySwiper">
           <div class="swiper-wrapper">
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_1">Slide 1</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_2">Slide 2</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_3">Slide 3</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_4">Slide 4</div>
             <div class="swiper-slide slide_5">Slide 5</div>
           </div>
       </div>

In the CSS, we have to make some changes to the swiper container selector by reducing the slide size to accommodate the effect transition like so:

.swiper {
   width: 280px;
   height: 320px;
}

Next, we have to initiate a cube effect on our JavaScript file:

//  Initialize Swiper
let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
 effect: "cube",
 grabCursor: true,
 cubeEffect: {
   shadow: true,
   slideShadows: true,
   shadowOffset: 20,
   shadowScale: 0.94,
 },
 pagination: {
   el: ".swiper-pagination",
 },
});

Cards effect

This is a transition effect for shifting between slides just like the cube above. With the cards effect, each slide looks like a card in a deck that is being shuffled to bring the desired slide to the front.

The HTML and CSS is the same as the cube effect, just change the effect to the cards as follows:

//  Initialize Swiper
let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
 effect: "cards",
 grabCursor: true,
});

cards transition

Implementing sliders for image galleries

In this section, we will look at some sliders that are ideal for images or galleries. In my opinion, two great options for gallery sliders are thumb galleries and lazy loading, which we will learn how to implement in the following sections.

Thumb galleries

This slider consists of a compressed preview image of the original that is used as a placeholder. The thumbnail image should be smaller than the original, but the exact size is up to you. This slider creates a simple thumbnail gallery module to hold content and also functions as a means of navigation.

Using the default settings, we can implement this by making changes to our default HTML markup as follows:

<div class="swiper-container">
           <div class="swiper mySwiper2">
               <div class="swiper-wrapper">
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_1">Slide 1</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_2">Slide 2</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_3">Slide 3</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_4">Slide 4</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_5">Slide 5</div>
               </div>
               <div class="swiper-button-next"></div>
               <div class="swiper-button-prev"></div>
           </div>


           <div thumbsSlider="" class="swiper mySwiper">
               <div class="swiper-wrapper">
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_1">Slide 1</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_2">Slide 2</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_3">Slide 3</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_4">Slide 4</div>
                   <div class="swiper-slide slide_5">Slide 5</div>
               </div>
           </div>
 </div>

Next, we need to make changes on our CSS to the slider and thumbnails inside our swiper container as follows:

div.swiper-container {
   padding-top: 25vh;
}


.swiper-slide {
   display: flex;
   align-items: center;
   justify-content: center;
}


.swiper {
   width: 480px;
}


.mySwiper2 {
   width: 480px;
   height: 320px;
}


.mySwiper {
   height: 30%;
   box-sizing: border-box;
   margin: 10px;
}


.mySwiper .swiper-slide {
   opacity: 0.4;
}


.swiper-slide {
   background-position: center;
}


.mySwiper .swiper-slide-thumb-active {
   opacity: 1;
}

Then, we initiate the thumb gallery sliders on our default JavaScript file:

//  Initialize Swiper
let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
 spaceBetween: 10,
 slidesPerView: 4,
 freeMode: true,
 watchSlidesProgress: true,
});


let swiper2 = new Swiper(".mySwiper2", {
 spaceBetween: 10,
 navigation: {
   nextEl: ".swiper-button-next",
   prevEl: ".swiper-button-prev",
 },
 thumbs: {
   swiper: swiper,
 },
});

thumb gallery demonstration

Lazy loading

Lazy loading is a strategy that delays loading or initialization of resources until they are actually needed in order to reduce page load time and save system resources. Just imagine a user downloading the entire gallery in the previous use case, but the user leaves after viewing only the first slide; it results in memory and bandwidth wastage.

Lazy loading occurs on some users’ interactions such as navigation and scrolling. In order to see the lazy loading effect, we will be using images from Pexels.

To begin, on the default HTML file make the following changes on the slider container as follows:

div class="swiper mySwiper">
           <div class="swiper-wrapper">
              <div class="swiper-slide">
               <img data-src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/1824273/pexels-photo-1824273.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-victor-miyata-1824273.jpg&fm=jpg"
               class="swiper-lazy"/>
              </div>
              <div class="swiper-slide">
               <img data-src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/3219549/pexels-photo-3219549.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-engin-akyurt-3219549.jpg&fm=jpg"
               class="swiper-lazy"/>
              </div>
              <div class="swiper-slide">
               <img data-src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/1579240/pexels-photo-1579240.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-stas-knop-1579240.jpg&fm=jpg"
               class="swiper-lazy"/>
              </div>
              <div class="swiper-slide">
               <img data-src="https://images.pexels.com/photos/51415/pexels-photo-51415.jpeg?cs=srgb&dl=pexels-max-deroin-51415.jpg&fm=jpg"
               class="swiper-lazy"/>
              </div>
           </div>


           <div class="swiper-button-next"></div>
           <div class="swiper-button-prev"></div>
           <div class="swiper-pagination"></div>
       </div>

On the default CSS file, remove all stylings related to swiper class and add the following styling:

.swiper {
   width: 70%;
   --swiper-navigation-color: #000000;
   --swiper-pagination-color: #000000;
}


.swiper-slide img {
   width: auto;
   height: auto;
   max-width: 85%;
   max-height: 100%;
   -ms-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
   -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
   -moz-transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
   transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
   position: absolute;
   left: 50%;
   top: 50%;
 }

Next we need to initiate the lazy loading effect on our JavaScript file like so:

let swiper = new Swiper(".mySwiper", {
 lazy: true,
 pagination: {
   el: ".swiper-pagination",
   clickable: true,
 },
 navigation: {
   nextEl: ".swiper-button-next",
   prevEl: ".swiper-button-prev",
 },
});

lazy loading

Custom controls

These controls are just a few ways to navigate through the slides. They are relatively simple to implement, we just need to specify them in the JavaScript file to take effect. Let’s look at three of the most popular.

First is keyboard control. This control utilizes the navigation keys on the keyboard (arrows keys or WASD) to control the shifting of slides. It can be initiated by adding the following to the swiper object as follows:

    keyboard: {
       enabled: true,
     },

Second is mousewheel control: This control aids navigation of slides via the scrolling of the mouse. This is ideal for vertical sliders, as the mousewheel can quickly scroll through the content. It can be initiated by adding the following to the swiper object in the JavaScript:

    mousewheel: true,

Third and finally is grab cursor. This is an intuitive control that allows the mouse cursor to grab content and move it in different directions to navigate through the slides. It can be initialized on the JavaScript as follows:

    grabCursor: true,

Conclusion

Sliders are important web design units that deserve special attention. Despite their pros on managing contents in a space, they have some cons such as inhibiting SEO strategies and creating UX blunders. Sliders are a matter of personal preference, and when implemented efficiently, can produce a favorable impression. Swiper makes it easy for you to make them, should you decide to include them in your next project.

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Skip to content

Introduction: This is a requirement from UI designer. We are using Swiper (idangero.us/swiper/) to do the slider on our web pages.

By default, we are applying a simple slider for the contents.

HTML:

< div class="swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-custom">
< div>1 of 3</div>
< span class="swiper-pagination-bullet swiper-pagination-bullet-active"></span>
< span class="swiper-pagination-bullet"></span>
< span class="swiper-pagination-bullet"></span>
< /div>

CSS:

/*active pagination*/
.swiper-pagination .swiper-pagination-bullet-active {
  border-radius: 0;
  color: #FF7800; /*orange color*/
  background-color: #FF7800; /*orange color*/
  opacity: 1;
}

/*other pagination*/
.swiper-pagination .swiper-pagination-bullet {
  border-radius: 0;
  color: #ffffff;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  opacity: 1;
}

The slider pagination will look like this:
pagination01

As required, we want to customize the pagination to look like this:
(a 1px border outside the square box)
pagination02

Solution:

We need to add paginationBulletRender to Swiper function.

JS:

paginationBulletRender: function (swiper, index, className) {
  return '< div class=" '+ className +' ">< div class="inner-dot">< /div>< /div>';
}

The output for HTML:

< div class="swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-custom">
 < div>1 of 3</div>
 < div class="swiper-pagination-bullet swiper-pagination-bullet-active">
   < div class="inner-dot"></div>
 </div>
 < div class="swiper-pagination-bullet">
   < div class="inner-dot"></div>
 </div>
 < div class="swiper-pagination-bullet">
   < div class="inner-dot"></div>
 </div>
< /div>

CSS:

/*create the outer border line for active bullet*/
.swiper-pagination .swiper-pagination-bullet.swiper-pagination-bullet-active {
  background-color: transparent;
  border: 1px solid #ff7800;
  padding: 2px 6px 6px 2px;
}

/*the active square bullet*/
.swiper-pagination .swiper-pagination-bullet.swiper-pagination-bullet-active .inner-dot {
  background-color: #ff7800; /*orange color when active*/
  height: 4px:
  width: 4px;
}

/*the square dot*/
.swiper-pagination  .swiper-pagination-bullet .inner-dot {
  background-color: #ffffff; /*white color when passive*/
  height: 4px;
  width: 4px;
}

Cool, now we have our own design for the Swiper pagination =)

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