Не удается запустить бинарный файл exec format error

How to Fix ‘cannot execute binary file: Exec format error’ on Ubuntu

While it shouldn’t happen when using the official apt-get repositories, if you download software off the Internet and run it then there’s a chance that you’ll see the dreaded bash: ./nameOfProgram: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error. This error, which is usually followed by bash: ./nameOfProgram.sh: Permission denied or something like it, indicates that Ubuntu wasn’t able to interface correctly with the binary you downloaded. This is because while it’s apparently a valid Linux binary, it’s designed for a different chipset than your kernel currently supports.

Most people using Ubuntu are on 32-bit or 64-bit processors based around a standard architecture that Intel released, regardless of who actually made their microchips. It’s important to remember that 64-bit processors can run in 32-bit mode, so if you’re getting this error even though you have a 64-bit processor there’s a chance you’re running a 32-bit version of Ubuntu. A few simple commands are all it takes to tell what your chip is operating as.

Method 1: Using the arch Command

If you’re not familiar with the type of microprocessor that you have installed on your machine, then you’ll first want to use the arch command from the command line. You’ll only see a single line of output returned to you after running this command. In many cases, you’ll see i686, which means that you’re on a 32-bit processor and therefore can’t run x86_64 binaries. If you instead see amd64 or something similar, then you’re on an x86_64 processor, and should at least theoretically be able to run most 32-bit and 64-bit binaries. Unlike Microsoft Windows, Ubuntu Linux actually contains the proper tools to permit users of 644-bit chipsets to run 16-bit Windows programs in their operating system in many cases as well.

These terms are still true even if you’re not actually using that particular model of microchip. For instance, i686 is how Linux refers to many 32-bit processors even if they aren’t actually Intel 80686 chips. Even if you’re using 64-bit Intel technology, arch might still call your processor an amd64 chip. This doesn’t indicate an error, and can be safely ignored. You can use cat /proc/cpuinfo or more /proc/cpuinfo to find out the exact type of processor you’re using. Since the lines in this file are long, you might want to push F11 before issuing it if you’re using a graphical terminal window. Users of a virtual console, especially those working with Ubuntu server, won’t have to worry quite as much.

You may see some other types of output, which might further restrict your options when it comes to running software. Ubuntu supported PowerPC architecture for the longest time, which is found in some workstations as well as many Classic Macintosh and older OS X Macintosh machines. You can actually still find Ubuntu repositories for these architectures, though they receive little support today. However, you more than likely won’t be able to run many Linux binaries you download from the Internet outside of the official repositories in this case. That doesn’t mean that Ubuntu doesn’t work on these machines, though you may want to look at the lighter Lubuntu distribution.

Method 2: Using the file Command

The file command identifies what different files contain, and it’s usually very accurate. Try identifying the file in question by typing file nameOfProgram to see if you get ELF 32-bit or ELF 64-bit as output. If it tells you that it’s an ELF 64-bit binary and you received i686 as output from the arch command, then there’s no way you can reasonably run it on your machine. If you’re on a 64-bit microprocessor running 32-bit Ubuntu, then you could technically reinstall the operating system, though this is a bit of an extreme step in order to run a single program.

There is also the very real possibility, however slight, that you might instead come across a binary that when you attempt to run it spews out junk characters to the terminal even if you’ve run a malware scan on it. These characters usually take the form of either lozenge-shaped blocks, or alternatively rectangular cubes that have numerical values in them. Some computer scientists call the latter tofu, and represent the Unicode values of characters that your currently installed typefaces won’t be able to display. If the terminal is displaying them like this, then you can rest assured that this is neither a font error nor anything having to do with malware. Rather, this is simply because the compiled microprocessor opcode inside of the binary is so alien to your system that it doesn’t know how to interpret some of the code.

The best way to fix this is to install the proper package for your architecture. If you’re installing packages from inside Ubuntu, then the apt-get system or the graphical Synaptic manager has you covered without any problems. If you’re downloading packages from another distribution, then you’ll need to find the right one for your architecture. Take, for example, Arch Linux’s listing of the gvim package. While the default package features the x86_64 architecture, there’s also one for the i686 chipset. This one will work on 32-bit machines that work with the Intel interrupt structure, but remember that the terms i686 and 32-bit are not mutually inclusive all the time since other chipsets Linux supports actually do feature their own 32-bit implementations.

Users exploring the whole GNU/Linux scene might come across binaries compiled for far more exotic technologies than these. Linux is truly a cross-platform code scene, so you’ll see OpenRISC, MIPS, SPARC, M32R, MN103, ARM, ARC, Alpha and many other standards binaries are compiled to work with. More than likely, you won’t be able to run any of these, though ARM is an extremely popular tablet and smartphone platform. It’s also the platform that the Raspberry Pi is based around, which means if you’re actually running Ubuntu on a mobile device or the Ubuntu MATE distribution for Raspberry Pi you’ll actually need these instead of Intel 32-bit or x86_64 binaries.

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Решение проблемы с ошибкой «bash: не удаётся запустить бинарный файл: Ошибка формата выполняемого файла»

В операционной системе Linux при запуске скаченного файла, либо при запуске самостоятельно скомпилированного файла вы можете столкнуться с ошибкой:

Если у вас англоязычная локаль, то ошибка будет примерно такой:

bash: ./program: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error

В самой ошибке вместо /путь/до/файла и ./program будет указан путь до файла программы, который вы хотите запустить.

• Причинами данной ошибки могут быть:
• попытка запустить 64-битный файл на 32-битной системе
• файл скомпилирован для другой архитектуры (например, для ARM, а вы пытаетесь запустить его на ПК)
• вы пытаетесь выполнить не исполнимый файл, а ссылку
• файл размещён в совместной (shared) папке

Чтобы получить информацию о файле, который вы пытаетесь запустить, можно использовать утилиту file, после которой укажите путь до файла:

Здесь мы видим, что файл предназначен для 64-битной системы, об этом говорит запись 64-bit, для процессора с архитектурой x86-64.

Ещё один пример:

Этот файл для 32-битных систем, для процессора с архитектурой ARM EABI4.

Если вы не знаете, какой битности ваша система, то выполните команду:

Для 64-битных систем будет выведено x86_64, а для 32-битных – x86.

О разрядности дистрибутивов Linux и о программ

На компьютер с 32-битным процессором вы можете установить только 32-битную операционную систему и в ней запускать только 32-битные программы.

На компьютер с 64-битным процессором вы можете установить как 64-битную ОС, так и 32-битный Linux. В случае, если вы установили 64-битный дистрибутив Linux, то в нём вы можете запускать и 64-битные программы и 32-битные. А если вы установили 32-битный дистрибутив, то в нём возможно запускать только 32-битные программы.

Итак, если у вас 32-битная система, а файл для 64-битной системы или даже для ARM архитектуры, то у вас следующие варианты:

• скачать файл подходящей для вас битности и архитектуры
• если вы самостоятельно компилировали файл из исходного кода, то заново скомпилируйте для процессора вашей архитектуры

Запуск ARM файлов в Linux

Часто можно запустить исполнимые образы ARM на amd64 системах если установить пакеты binfmt-support, qemu, и qemu-user-static:

sudo apt install binfmt-support qemu qemu-user-static

Заключение

Итак, ошибка формата выполняемого файла с невозможностью запустить бинарный файл возникает из-за несоответствия программы операционной системе или архитектуре процессора. Эта проблема не должна возникать, если вы установили программу из исходных репозиториев (кроме случаев неправильной настройки источников репозитория). При возникновении этой проблемы поищите файл, подходящий для вашей архитектуры или скомпилируйте файл из исходных кодов под архитектуру вашей операционной системы.

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🛠️ Исправление ошибки «Exec format» при запуске скриптов командой run-parts

Решение ошибки «Exec format» при запуске скриптов командой run-parts

Чтобы запустить все скрипты в папке «Documents», я запустил:

Я получил следующее сообщение об ошибке:

Bourne shell, или совместимый шеллl:

Bash:

Perl:

Python 2.x:

Python 3.x:

Это то, что мы называем шебанг.

Теперь вернемся к теме.

Отредактируйте ваши скрипты, используя ваш любимый редактор:

Добавьте шебанг в начале скрипта:

Теперь вы можете без проблем запускать скрипты с помощью команды run-parts, используя команду run-parts.

Вы также можете использовать утилиту ShellCheck для поиска проблем в своих скриптах оболочки.

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How to fix Cannot execute binary file: exec format error?

Photo by Jivacore/Shutterstock.com

Linux has been reworked heavily since it first came out to the point that it’s no longer an OS for terminal kings. Just about everyone can use it now thanks to the much better user interfaces that we see in modern Linux distros. However, that doesn’t mean it can’t be frustrating at times.

In this article, we’re taking a look at the “cannot execute binary file: exec format error” issue and giving you a few solutions on how to get rid of the problem.

Check the architecture

The first thing you should do is ensure you’ve got the right bin file. Binary files made for 32-bit systems won’t work on 64-bit systems and vice-versa. You can check the architecture of any file by using the command below.

If the architecture doesn’t match between your file and the PC you’re running it on, try running the corresponding binary file for the matching architecture.

Check the file

Binary files can be run on Windows, Linux and macOS. However, binaries made for one OS won’t run on the others. Generally, these files have different file formats to help users distinguish between them. If you’re trying to run a binary file made for Windows on a Linux distro, it’s obviously not going to work.

If you must run the binary on Linux however, we recommend downloading Wine and using it to run the file. Wine is a compatibility layer capable of running Windows applications on POSIX-compliant operating systems, including Linux and macOS.

Install GCC and Gfortran

GCC and Gfortran are required for several binary files to compile and execute properly. You can install them by typing the command below in your terminal.

Now try running your binary file again and it should run without a problem — fixing the ‘cannot execute binary file’ error.

Uncompress the file

Sometimes binary files are compressed to make them easier to share over the internet. Try uncompressing the file to see if that helps you run it fine. Run the following commands on at a time.

Check file permissions

Another potential reason for your binary file not running could be that the user doesn’t have permission to change or read the file. You can fix this by typing the following command in the terminal.

Once the permissions are set, you can run the file by typing this.

Use Dos2unix

The Dos2unix command can sometimes help binaries made for DOS to run on UNIX systems. Try using the following command to see if your file runs or not.

If we’ve missed out on any fixes that helped you solve the ‘cannot execute binary file’ error, please comment down below with the fix.

Someone who writes/edits/shoots/hosts all things tech and when he’s not, streams himself racing virtual cars.

You can contact him here: [email protected]

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Photo by Jivacore/Shutterstock.com

Linux has been reworked heavily since it first came out to the point that it’s no longer an OS for terminal kings. Just about everyone can use it now thanks to the much better user interfaces that we see in modern Linux distros. However, that doesn’t mean it can’t be frustrating at times. 

In this article, we’re taking a look at the “cannot execute binary file: exec format error” issue and giving you a few solutions on how to get rid of the problem. 

Also read: How to make a file executable in Linux?

Check the architecture

The first thing you should do is ensure you’ve got the right bin file. Binary files made for 32-bit systems won’t work on 64-bit systems and vice-versa. You can check the architecture of any file by using the command below.

file filename

If the architecture doesn’t match between your file and the PC you’re running it on, try running the corresponding binary file for the matching architecture. 

Check the file

Binary files can be run on Windows, Linux and macOS. However, binaries made for one OS won’t run on the others. Generally, these files have different file formats to help users distinguish between them. If you’re trying to run a binary file made for Windows on a Linux distro, it’s obviously not going to work. 

If you must run the binary on Linux however, we recommend downloading Wine and using it to run the file. Wine is a compatibility layer capable of running Windows applications on POSIX-compliant operating systems, including Linux and macOS. 

Install GCC and Gfortran

GCC and Gfortran are required for several binary files to compile and execute properly. You can install them by typing the command below in your terminal. 

sudo apt-get install gfortran && sudo apt-get install build-essential

Now try running your binary file again and it should run without a problem — fixing the ‘cannot execute binary file’ error.

Uncompress the file

Sometimes binary files are compressed to make them easier to share over the internet. Try uncompressing the file to see if that helps you run it fine. Run the following commands on at a time. 

xz -d ./filename
chmod +x ./filename
./filename

Check file permissions

Another potential reason for your binary file not running could be that the user doesn’t have permission to change or read the file. You can fix this by typing the following command in the terminal. 

chmod +x filename

Once the permissions are set, you can run the file by typing this.

./filename

Use Dos2unix

The Dos2unix command can sometimes help binaries made for DOS to run on UNIX systems. Try using the following command to see if your file runs or not. 

dos2unix filename.bin

If we’ve missed out on any fixes that helped you solve the ‘cannot execute binary file’ error, please comment down below with the fix.

Also read: What does ./ mean in Linux?

An error while executing a binary file. It could mean something is wrong with the file. The most common cause of this error is an invalid format for the file. The most common error when trying to execute a binary file is the “exec format error.” It means that the computer does not recognize the file’s format. 

There are many reasons why you might not execute a binary correctly. Still, the most common cause is if the file is not properly formatted. Suppose you’re having trouble executing a binary file. In that case, it’s best to consult an experienced software developer or computer technician for help. Executing a binary file can cause an exec format error. This error prevents the program from continuing execution and may require the user to delete or edit the binary file.

What is an exec format error?

The “cannot execute binary file exec format error” message is a warning that indicates that the file you are trying to open may not be executable. It is due to various issues, including incorrect file permissions or incomplete installation. If you experience this message, check the file’s properties to determine its status and try again if necessary.

Suppose you get an error when trying to execute a binary file in the exec format. In that case, there’s a good chance that the file is incompatible with your operating system. Here are four common reasons why a binary file might not work:

• They compile it for a different version of your OS.
• They create it with another compiler.
• The file is corrupt.
• The operating system doesn’t support executables in that format.

A binary file exec format error is a runtime error that can occur when trying to execute a binary file using the exec format. This error occurs when the binary file does not have the correct execution permissions or when it is corrupt.

Cannot execute binary file exec format error Chromebook

Chromebooks are known for their stability and ease of use. Still, a recent issue with binaries has caused some users to experience an “exec format error” on their devices. According to reports, this error prevents the Chromebook from executing specific binaries, including ones necessary for tasks such as accessing the internet and using software that requires a browser. While the error is not yet widespread, if you’re experiencing it, there are steps you can take to fix the problem.

Suppose you encounter a “cannot execute binary file exec format error” message when trying to open a file on your Chromebook. In that case, there are a few things you can try:

1. Make sure the file is binary.
2. Verify that your Chromebook’s execution environment is compatible with the file’s format.
3. Check to see if the file is missing specific required files.
4. After that, try using a different browser or operating system to open the file.

Chromebooks have a built-in file explorer that you can use to browse and open files. When you try to execute a binary file with the exec format, Chromebooks may give you a cannot execute binary file error. To solve this problem, you can use the built-in file explorer to open the file in a text editor, or you can use an external application.

Cannot execute binary file exec format error ubuntu on windows

Installing and using Ubuntu on a Windows computer can be daunting for even the most experienced computer user. Additionally, the installation process can be difficult if you encounter errors. One common error that users experience when installing Ubuntu is an “exec format error.” This error typically occurs when trying to execute a binary file using the exec format command. Unfortunately, this error is often difficult to troubleshoot and can prevent Ubuntu from installing on a Windows computer.

Windows users report an error when trying to execute a binary file in the exec format. According to Microsoft, this is a known issue, and they are investigating it. Until they find a resolution, Windows users can use the command line instead. If you are getting an error message like “Cannot execute binary file exec format error ubuntu on windows,” there is likely a problem with your installation. To solve this issue, follow these steps: 

•  Make sure you install the executable file on your system. 
•  Ensure that the path to the executable file is correct. 
•  Check to see if there are any compatibility issues with the executable file. 

Adb cannot execute binary file exec format error.

This error can occur when you try to use the “adb exec” command to execute a binary file. The error occurs due to an incompatibility between your Android device and the binary file. To fix the problem, you need to upgrade your Android device or install a compatible version of the ADB tool.

 This could be related to permissions or a missing dependency. If you are using adb on a device, ensure that you have the correct permissions and install any missing dependencies. This may be due to an incompatibility between your operating system and the binary. If you cannot fix the issue, you may need to find a different program to use for this specific task.

Final Words

Suppose you are getting an exec format error when trying to execute a binary file. In that case, there may be something preventing the program from running. Ensure the file is properly formatted and the program they install correctly. If all of those things are correct, you may need to consult your computer’s operating system documentation or search online for help resolving the issue.

QEMU and binfmt support light the way

https://github.com/microsoft/wsl/issues/2468#issuecomment-374904520

After reading that the WSLInterop between WSL and Windows processes used binfmt, I was tinkering with QEMU to try some ARM development, and incidentally discovered how to get 32-bit support working.

Edit: requires «Fall Creators Update», 1709, build 16299 or newer

Install qemu and binfmt config:

sudo apt install qemu-user-static
sudo update-binfmts --install i386 /usr/bin/qemu-i386-static --magic 'x7fELFx01x01x01x03x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x03x00x03x00x01x00x00x00' --mask 'xffxffxffxffxffxffxffxfcxffxffxffxffxffxffxffxffxf8xffxffxffxffxffxffxff'

You’ll need to reactivate binfmt support every time you start WSL:

sudo service binfmt-support start

Enable i386 architecture packages:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gcc:i386

Try it out:

$ file /usr/bin/gcc-5
/usr/bin/gcc-5: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=2637bb7cb85f8f12b40f03cd015d404930c3c790, stripped

$ /usr/bin/gcc-5 --version
gcc-5 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.9) 5.4.0 20160609
Copyright (C) 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

$ gcc helloworld.c -o helloworld

$ ./helloworld
Hello, world!

$ file helloworld
helloworld: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=3a0c7be5c6a8d45613e4ef2b7b3474df6224a5da, not stripped

And to prove it really was working, disable i386 support and try again:

$ sudo service binfmt-support stop
 * Disabling additional executable binary formats binfmt-support [ OK ]

$ ./helloworld
-bash: ./helloworld: cannot execute binary file: Exec format error