Nginx 502 bad gateway php fpm как исправить

Configuration

• Ubuntu Server 11.10 64 bit
• Amazon AWS, Ec2, hosted on the cloud
• t1.micro instance

Before I write anything else, I’d like to state that I’ve checked both nginx 502 bad gateway and Nginx + PHP-FPM 502 Bad Gateway threads, which unfortunately haven’t helped me in this regard.

The issue appears to be rather common: a misconfiguration of nginx or php-fpm can lead to a 502 Bad Gateway error, which is something that I haven’t been able to get rid of. Note that this appears even when I go to my domain root, without specifying any particular directory.

I’m running an Amazon EC2 webserver, with port 9000 enabled, port 80 open, etc.

The question in particular is, how can I get rid of this nasty error? Or, better yet, how can I get php5-fpm to actually work.

What I Have Attempted so Far

Mostly consistent editing of configuration files, notably php-fpm.conf and nginx.conf.

i. php-fpm.conf

I’ve added the following, which hasn’t quite helped much:

;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Fpm Start ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;pm.start_servers = 20
;pm.min_spare_servers = 5
;pm.max_spare_servers = 35

Now, afterward I tried including my configuration files:

include=/etc/php5/fpm/*.conf

Which only screwed me even further.

Full Configuration

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install
; prefix (/usr). This prefix can be dynamicaly changed by using the
; '-p' argument from the command line.

; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
;  - the global prefix if it's been set (-p arguement)
;  - /usr otherwise
;include=/etc/php5/fpm/*.conf

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

[global]
; Pid file
; Note: the default prefix is /var
; Default Value: none
pid = /var/run/php5-fpm.pid

; Error log file
; Note: the default prefix is /var
; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
error_log = /var/log/php5-fpm.log

; Log level
; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
; Default Value: notice
log_level = notice

; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
; of '0' means 'Off'.
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_threshold = 0

; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when 
; a graceful restart will be initiated.  This can be useful to work around
; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
emergency_restart_interval = 0

; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;process_control_timeout = 0

; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
; Default Value: yes
daemonize = no

;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Fpm Start ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;pm.start_servers = 20
;pm.min_spare_servers = 5
;pm.max_spare_servers = 35

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ; 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening
; ports and different management options.  The name of the pool will be
; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which
; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway :)

; To configure the pools it is recommended to have one .conf file per
; pool in the following directory:
include=/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/*.conf

ii. nginx.conf

In all honesty this configuration is a smattering of a few websites I’ve visited, but I can tell you that before this 502 Bad Gateway business, the server was running fine (without PHP working. Period.).

The issue primarily lies in the fact that something is terribly, terribly wrong. And now, when I try to do a service php5-fpm restart, it hangs in what I’m guessing is an infinite loop or something, which I can’t even CTRL—C out of.

Full Configuration

user www-data;
worker_processes 1;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 64;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {

    ##
    # Basic Settings
    ##

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush off;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    # server_tokens off;

    # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
    # server_name_in_redirect off;

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ##
    # Logging Settings
    ##

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    ##
    # Gzip Settings
    ##

    gzip on;
    gzip_disable "msie6";

    # gzip_vary on;
    # gzip_proxied any;
    # gzip_comp_level 6;
    # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    # gzip_http_version 1.1;
    # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    ##
    # Virtual Host Configs
    ##

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name ec2-xx-xx-xx-xx.compute-x.amazonaws.com;

        location ~ ^(.+.php)(.*)$ {
            root   /home/wayvac/public;
            fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.pid;  
            #fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; #Un-comment this and comment "fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;" if you are not using php-fpm.
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            set $document_root2 $document_root;
            if ($document_root2 ~ "^(.*\\).*?[\\|/]../(.*)$") { set $document_root2 $1$2; }
            if ($document_root2 ~ "^(.*\\).*?[\\|/]../(.*)$") { set $document_root2 $1$2; }
            if ($document_root2 ~ "^(.*\\).*?[\\|/]../(.*)$") { set $document_root2 $1$2; }
            if ($document_root2 ~ "^(.*\\).*?[\\|/]../(.*)$") { set $document_root2 $1$2; }
            if ($document_root2 ~ "^(.*\\).*?[\\|/]../(.*)$") { set $document_root2 $1$2; }
            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+.php)(.*)$;
            fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root2$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param   PATH_INFO   $fastcgi_path_info;
            fastcgi_param   PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root2$fastcgi_path_info;
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root2;
        }       

        access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
        error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

        location / {
            root /home/wayvac/public;   
            index index.html index.htm index.php;
        }

        location ~* .(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
            # Some basic cache-control for static files to be sent to the browser
            expires max;
            add_header Pragma public;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
        }

        #include drop.conf;
        #include php.conf;
    }
}

Nginx is one of the fast performing web servers on the internet. Nginx and php-fpm are the most used combinations on the internet to server PHP websites. Sometimes we came across a very bad Nginx 502 Bad Gateway error generated by Nginx server and it is not very easy to identify the problem and fix. Here are some quick solutions to fix Nginx 502 Bad Gateway error on a web-server.

How Nginx 502 Bad Gateway Error happens and what is its connection with php-fpm

Common 502 errors include the following messages from Nginx server

• “502 Bad Gateway”
• “502 Bad Gateway NGINX”
• “502 Proxy Error”
• “502 Service Temporarily Overloaded”
• “Error 502”
• “HTTP Error 502 – Bad Gateway”
• “HTTP 502 Bad Gateway”

These errors point to the same situation of Nginx server and the error came across below situations

• Nginx server running with php-fpm service
• Nginx is running as a reverse proxy to Apache server
• Nginx running as a gateway to other services like Python, Ruby, etc.
• Bad configuration of cache or timeout.

Now the error says there is a “BAD GATEWAY”. That means Nginx server is trying to communicate to another service through a gateway and it is not getting any answer from that gateway. This is Nginx 502 Bad Gateway error situation.

So Nginx and another service (Apache, php-fpm, other services) running. Both are communicating through a gateway and Nginx is not getting any answer from the gateway. To solve 502 Bad Gateway Error the other service running with Nginx must answer through the gateway.

Usually, this happens due to a misconfiguration in the configuration files of the server.  Or the other service is not running properly with Nginx. So to solve this problem a two-step check is required.

• Step 1: Check the other server status, whether it is running perfectly, is it giving the desired output?
• Step 2: Is the configuration correct? Is the second service configured to answer the gateway perfectly?

Nginx 502 Bad Gateway Error with PHP-FPM

The problem occurs due to the following conditions

• PHP-FPM won’t get started
• PHP-FPM not running
• NGINX can’t communicate with PHP-FPM server
• NGINX is timing out
• PHP-FPM is timing out with requests

Check whether php-fpm is running or not

service php-fpm status

or

systemctl status php-fpm.service

will tell you about the current situation of php-fpm server

Just restart the php-fpm server to solve this problem

service php-fpm restart

or

systemctl restart php-fpm.service

for php5 the name of service may be php5-fpm, for PHP 7 it may be php7.0-fpm or php7.1-fpm or php7.2-fpm check accordingly.

Php-fpm is not communicating with Nginx and causing a 502 Bad Gateway Error

This is caused due to the misconfiguration of the php-fpm server or the misconfiguration of Nginx server.

Check the following configuration files in the worker pool configuration (the file is in /etc/php/fpm/pool.d/www.conf, this may vary with installation) and verify these lines ( www-data is the owner of the web server process, that is nginx)

user = www-data
group = www-data

listen = /var/run/php7-fpm.sock

listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data

then restart the php-fpm service.

If the Nginx server and php-fpm are running and still getting a 502 Bad Gateway error then it is the problem with communicating the gateway. The problem is happening due to the misconfiguration in the file /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default, by default or the file name in the name of the website called /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/mywebsite.com.conf

Look at the segment where the fastcgi_pass configuration. It must be the same as the listen in the above configuration

      location ~ .php$ {
                try_files $uri =404;
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php7-fpm.sock;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_nam$
                include fastcgi_params;

        }

See

listen = /var/run/php7-fpm.sock

and

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php7-fpm.sock

must be the same.

Then restart both Nginx and php-fpm servers. Now check the website whether it is serving properly.

502 Bad Gateway Error due to Nginx is timing out

if php-fpm is running and serving the requests properly then there will be a chance of Nginx is timing out. That is php-fpm do not respond to NGINX in a timely manner will cause a 502 because NGINX couldn’t wait any longer for a response from php-fpm.

In this case, increasing the maximum execution time of the application and NGINX’s timeout window would be the best solution.

To get this we need two changes:

First, increase the maximum execution time of the php-fpm server. To do this open PHP-FPM’s configuration file

sudo nano /etc/php7/fpm/php.ini

find the following line and increase the number to a higher value. Usually 60 or 120.

max_execution_time = 30

The value depends upon the expected execution time of the application running in the php-fpm server. Add some extra buffer time to get rid of the situation again.

Exceptionally large execution time will affect the server performance and it may lead to a dead server process in the memory.

Second, edit the NGINX config

sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

add the following within the HTTP block to increase timeout windows, buffers, and buffer sizes:

http { 
...

fastcgi_buffers 8 16k;
fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
}

Save the changes to the file and exit. Now restart Nginx and php-fpm

service php-fpm restart

or

systemctl restart php-fpm.service

and

service nginx restart

systemctl restart nginx.service

502 Bad Gateway Error due to PHP-FPM is timing out

if the php-fpm server is timing out upon execution of an exceptionally long PHP script or the script is blocked by a large MySQL query process then these solutions may not work. In that situation, you could temporarily extend PHP’s execution time limit by invoking the set_time_limit() function from within the PHP application, but if you are continuously reaching into the execution timeout limit then as a long-term solution like profiling or increasing PHP-FPM’s timeout may be more appropriate to get rid of a 502 error more safely. These things must be done after an extensive research of the execution time of the corresponding PHP function or MySQL query. Take a look at the memory and system load during the execution is a must for a smooth operation of this server.

Nginx 502 Bad Gateway Error when Nginx as Proxy for Apache

In this situation, the gateway service is Apache and the Nginx is a proxy for Apache. If apache server dies or it’s not well configured, it can cause this 502 Bad Gateway error. How to fix the apache error? Most of the times, restarting apache web server will get rid of this, but you must check the log files to know why exactly this was caused.

Nginx with other services/apps and 502 Bad Gateway Error

In this situation, the app is gone not responding. Try restarting the other service behind Nginx server and check the logs created by the application to find the exact reason why a 502 Error happened.

Check the status codes HTTP Status Codes on W3C for more details.

Editor’s note: php-fpm uses the term “master” to describe its primary process. Datadog does not use this term. Within this blog post, we will refer to this as “primary,” except for the sake of clarity in instances where we must reference a specific process name.

This post is part of a series on troubleshooting NGINX 502 Bad Gateway errors. If you’re not using PHP-FPM, check out our other article on troubleshooting NGINX 502s with Gunicorn as a backend.

PHP-FastCGI Process Manager (PHP-FPM) is a daemon for handling web server requests for PHP applications. In production, PHP-FPM is often deployed behind an NGINX web server. NGINX proxies web requests and passes them on to PHP-FPM worker processes that execute the PHP application.

NGINX will return a 502 Bad Gateway error if it can’t successfully proxy a request to PHP-FPM, or if PHP-FPM fails to respond. In this post, we’ll examine some common causes of 502 errors in the NGINX/PHP-FPM stack, and we’ll provide guidance on where you can find information that can help you resolve these errors.

Some possible causes of 502s

In this section, we’ll describe how the following conditions can cause NGINX to return a 502 error:

• PHP-FPM is not running
• NGINX can’t communicate with PHP-FPM
• PHP-FPM is timing out

If NGINX is unable to communicate with PHP-FPM for any of these reasons, it will respond with a 502 error, noting this in its access log (/var/log/nginx/access.log) as shown in this example:

127.0.0.1 - - [31/Jan/2020:18:30:55 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 502 182 "-" "curl/7.58.0"

NGINX’s access log doesn’t explain the cause of a 502 error, but you can consult its error log (/var/log/nginx/error.log) to learn more. For example, here is a corresponding entry in the NGINX error log that shows that the cause of the 502 error is that the socket doesn’t exist, possibly because PHP-FPM isn’t running. (In the next section, we’ll look at how to detect and correct this problem.)

2020/01/31 18:30:55 [crit] 13617#13617: *557 connect() to unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock:", host: "localhost"

PHP-FPM isn’t running

Note: This section includes a process name that uses the term “master.” Except when referring to specific processes, this article uses the term “primary” instead.

If PHP-FPM isn’t running, NGINX will return a 502 error for any request meant to reach the PHP application. If you’re seeing 502s, first check to confirm that PHP-FPM is running. For example, on a Linux host, you can use a ps command like this one to look for running PHP-FPM processes:

PHP-FPM organizes its worker processes in groups called pools. The sample output below shows that the PHP-FPM primary process is running, as are two worker processes in the default pool (named www):

root     29852  0.0  2.2 435484 22396 ?        Ssl  16:27   0:00 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php/7.2/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
www-data 29873  0.0  1.5 438112 15220 ?        Sl   16:27   0:00 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 29874  0.0  1.6 438112 16976 ?        Sl   16:27   0:00 php-fpm: pool www

If the output of the ps command doesn’t show any PHP-FPM primary or pool processes, you’ll need to get PHP-FPM running to resolve the 502 errors.

In a production environment, you should consider using systemd to run PHP-FPM as a service. This can make your PHP application more reliable and scalable, since the PHP-FPM daemon will automatically start serving your PHP app when your server starts or when a new instance launches. PHP-FPM is included in the PHP source code, so you can add PHP-FPM as a systemd service when you configure PHP.

Once your PHP-FPM project is configured as a service, you can use the following command to ensure that it starts automatically when your server starts up:

sudo systemctl enable php7.2-fpm.service

Then you can use the list-unit-files command to see information about your service:

sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep -E 'php[^fpm]*fpm'

On a PHP 7.2 server that has PHP-FPM installed (even if it is not running), the output of this command will be:

php7.2-fpm.service  enabled

To see information about your PHP-FPM service, use this command:

sudo systemctl is-active php7.2-fpm.service

This command should return an output of active. If it doesn’t, you can start the service with:

sudo service php7.2-fpm start

NGINX can’t access the socket

When PHP-FPM starts, it creates one or more TCP or Unix sockets to communicate with the NGINX web server. PHP-FPM’s worker processes use these sockets to listen for requests from NGINX.

To determine whether a 502 error was caused by a socket misconfiguration, confirm that PHP-FPM and NGINX are configured to use the same socket. PHP-FPM uses a separate configuration file for each worker process pool; these files are located at /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/. Each pool’s socket is defined in a listen directive in the pool’s configuration file. For example, the listen directive below configures a pool named mypool to use a Unix socket located at /run/php/mypool.sock:

listen = /run/php/mypool.sock

If NGINX can’t access the socket for a particular pool, you can determine which worker pool is involved in the issue by checking which socket is named in the NGINX error log entry. For example, if PHP-FPM had failed to start the mypool worker pool, NGINX would return a 502 and its error log entry would include:

connect() to unix:/run/php/mypool.sock failed (2: No such file or directory)

Check your nginx.conf file to ensure that the relevant location block specifies the same socket. The example below contains an include directive that loads some general configuration information for PHP-FPM, and a fastcgi_pass directive that specifies the same Unix socket named in the mypool.conf file, above.

location / {
    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/mypool.sock;
}

Unix sockets are subject to Unix file system permissions. The PHP-FPM pool’s configuration file specifies the mode and ownership of the socket, as shown here:

listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0660

Make sure these permissions allow the user and group running NGINX to access the socket. If the permissions on the socket are incorrect, NGINX will log a 502 error in its access log, and a message like the one shown below in its error log:

2020/02/20 17:12:03 [crit] 3059#3059: *4 connect() to unix:/run/php/mypool.sock failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php/mypool.sock:", host: "localhost"

Note that the default values of listen.owner and listen.group match the default owner and group running NGINX, and listen.mode defaults to 0660. Using these defaults, NGINX should be able to access the socket.

If PHP-FPM is listening on a TCP socket, the pool conifguration’s listen directive will have a value in the form of address:port, as shown below:

Just as with a Unix socket, you can prevent 502 errors by confirming that the location of this socket matches the one specified in the NGINX configuration.

PHP-FPM is timing out

If your application is taking too long to respond, your users will experience a timeout error. If PHP-FPM’s timeout—which is set in the pool configuration’s request_terminate_timeout directive (and defaults to 20 seconds)—is less than NGINX’s timeout (which defaults to 60 seconds), NGINX will respond with a 502 error. The NGINX error log shown below indicates that its upstream process—which is PHP-FPM—closed the connection before sending a valid response. In other words, this is the error log we see when PHP-FPM times out:

2020/02/20 17:17:12 [error] 3059#3059: *29 recv() failed (104: Connection reset by peer) while reading response header from upstream, client: 127.0.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://unix:/run/php/mypool.sock:", host: "localhost"

In this case, the PHP-FPM log (which by default is located at /var/log/php7.2-fpm.log) shows a correlated message which provides further information:

[20-Feb-2020 17:17:12] WARNING: [pool mypool] child 2120, script '/var/www/html/index.php' (request: "GET /index.php") execution timed out (25.755070 sec), terminating

You can raise PHP-FPM’s timeout setting by editing the pool’s configuration file, but this could cause another issue: NGINX may time out before receiving a response from PHP-FPM. The default NGINX timeout is 60 seconds; if you’ve raised your PHP-FPM timeout above 60 seconds, NGINX will return a 504 Gateway Timeout error if your PHP application hasn’t responded in time. You can prevent this by also raising your NGINX timeout. In the example below, we’ve raised the timeout value to 90 seconds by adding the fastcgi_read_timeout item to the http block of /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:

http { 
...
    fastcgi_buffers 8 16k;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 90;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 90;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 90;
}

Reload your NGINX configuration to apply this change:

Next, to determine why PHP-FPM timed out, you can collect logs and application performance monitoring (APM) data that can reveal causes of latency within and outside your application.

Collect and analyze your logs

To troubleshoot application errors, you can collect your logs and send them to a log management service. In addition to the NGINX logs we examined above, PHP can log errors and other events that might be valuable to you. See our PHP logging guide for more information.

When you bring your PHP and NGINX logs into a log management service, combined with logs from relevant technologies like caching servers and databases, you can analyze logs from throughout your web stack in a single platform.

Collect APM data from your web stack

APM can help you identify bottlenecks and resolve issues, like 502 errors, which affect the performance of your app. The screenshot below shows NGINX’s APM data visualized in Datadog. This view summarizes request volume, error rates, and latency for an NGINX-based service and helps you investigate performance problems like 502 errors.

200 OK

The faster you can diagnose and resolve your application’s 502 errors, the better. Datadog allows you to analyze metrics, traces, logs, and network performance data from across your infrastructure. If you’re already a Datadog customer, you can start monitoring NGINX, PHP-FPM, and more than
600 other technologies. If you don’t yet have a Datadog account, sign up for a 14-day free trial and get started in minutes.

Начинающие веб-мастера и системные администраторы временами сталкиваются с ошибкой 502 bad gateway nginx. Nginx — это не просто один из лучших веб-серверов, в то же время, он проектировался как отличный прокси. Логически можно предположить, что эта ошибка возникает, когда что-то не так со шлюзом.

И необязательно чтобы вы использовали Nginx в качестве прокси для доступа к сети. Нет, для работы большинства сайтов требуется генерация динамического контента, например, на php. Поэтому Nginx часто выступает в прокси для Apache или php-fpm. В этой статье мы рассмотрим что означает 502 bad gateway Nginx, как исправить ее.

Как и следует из названия, эта ошибка значит, что Nginx попытался связаться со шлюзом и у него ничего не вышло. Например, запросы от пользователей принимает Nginx, поскольку он работает быстро и потребляет мало ресурсов, а за генерацию контента отвечает php-fpm. Если сервис php-fpm во время обработки запроса получил какую-либо ошибку и не вернул результата, или же он вообще отключен и Nginx не может получить к нему доступ мы получим такую ошибку.

Вот основные причины:

• Nginx используется в качестве прокси для Apache или php-fpm, но эти сервисы не запущены;
• Nginx используется качестве прокси для php-fpm, но параметры доступа к сокету неверно настроены;
• Неверно настроены значения размера буфера и таймаута для php-fpm в nginx.conf;
• Ошибки в конфигурации Nginx.

Как исправить ошибку 502 bad gateway Nginx

1. Анализ логов и перезапуск

Чтобы исправить ошибку нужно выяснить что случилось со шлюзом. Лучший способ сделать это — посмотреть логи Nginx, там обязательно должно быть что-то написано и намного подробнее, чем в выводе браузера:

tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log

Это уже должно дать вам некоторые подсказки что делать дальше. Еще в первую очередь не помешает проверить файл конфигурации Nginx на ошибки:

nginx -t

Допустим, у нас в качестве шлюза для генерации динамического содержимого используется php-fpm. Тогда нужно проверить запущен ли вообще этот сервис:

ps aux | grep php

Если все процессы уже запущены, попробуйте перезапустить их с помощью systemd:

sudo systemctl restart php-fpm

Если процесс остановлен, то его нужно запустить:

sudo systemctl start php-fpm

Это самая распространенная причина, вызывающая ошибку 502 Bad Gateway и обычно после перезапуска сервиса все будет работать, вам осталось выяснить только почему он завершился. В этом вам может помочь просмотр лога php-fpm:

sudo tail -f /var/log/php7.0-fpm.log

Но если такой рецепт не помог, и ошибка 502 bad gateway nginx нужно идти дальше. Внимательно пересмотрите лог, возможно, там уже есть ответ.

2. Доступность php-fpm и владелец

Также эта ошибка может возникать при проблемах доступа к файлу сокета php-fpm, например, когда этот файл называется по другому или для него выставлены неверные права. Сначала убедитесь, что в конфигурационном файле /etc/nginx/nginx.conf указан правильный адрес файла сокета php-fpm:

location ~ .php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php7.0-fpm.sock;
include fastcgi_params;
}

Файл /var/run/php7.0-fpm.sock должен действительно существовать в файловой системе. Дальше нужно убедиться, что у сокета правильный владелец, это должен быть тот же пользователь, от имени которого запускается Nginx, группа тоже должна соответствовать. Откройте файл /etc/php7.0/fpm/pool.d/www.conf и найдите строчки user и group. Они должны иметь такое же значение, как строчка user в конфиге nginx.conf:

listen = /var/run/php7.0-fpm.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data

После того как выставите правильные параметры, перезапустите сервисы:

sudo service php5-fpm restart
$ sudo service nginx restart

3. Время отклика и размер буфера

Возможно, размер буфера и время ожидания ответа от fastcgi настроены неверно и программа просто не успевает обработать большой запрос. Попробуйте увеличить такие параметры в /etc/nginx/nginx.conf. Если таких строк не существует, добавьте их в блок http, как здесь:

sudo vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

http {
...
fastcgi_buffers 8 16k;
fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
...
}

Выводы

В этой статье мы рассмотрели 502 bad gateway nginx что это значит и как исправить эту ошибку. Как видите, может быть достаточно много причин ее возникновения, но решить все достаточно просто если внимательно посмотреть логи и понять в чем там действительно проблема. Надеюсь, информация была полезной для вас.

Об авторе