Object reference not set to an instance of an object тарков ошибка

Variables in .NET are either reference types or value types. Value types are primitives such as integers and booleans or structures (and can be identified because they inherit from System.ValueType). Boolean variables, when declared, have a default value:

bool mybool;
//mybool == false

Reference types, when declared, do not have a default value:

class ExampleClass
{
}

ExampleClass exampleClass; //== null

If you try to access a member of a class instance using a null reference then you get a System.NullReferenceException. Which is the same as Object reference not set to an instance of an object.

The following code is a simple way of reproducing this:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var exampleClass = new ExampleClass();
    var returnedClass = exampleClass.ExampleMethod();
    returnedClass.AnotherExampleMethod(); //NullReferenceException here.
}

class ExampleClass
{
    public ReturnedClass ExampleMethod()
    {
        return null;
    }
}

class ReturnedClass
{
    public void AnotherExampleMethod()
    {
    }
}

This is a very common error and can occur because of all kinds of reasons. The root cause really depends on the specific scenario that you’ve encountered.

If you are using an API or invoking methods that may return null then it’s important to handle this gracefully. The main method above can be modified in such a way that the NullReferenceException should never be seen by a user:

static void Main(string[] args)
{
    var exampleClass = new ExampleClass();
    var returnedClass = exampleClass.ExampleMethod();

    if (returnedClass == null)
    {
        //throw a meaningful exception or give some useful feedback to the user!
        return;
    }

    returnedClass.AnotherExampleMethod();
}

All of the above really just hints of .NET Type Fundamentals, for further information I’d recommend either picking up CLR via C# or reading this MSDN article by the same author — Jeffrey Richter. Also check out, much more complex, example of when you can encounter a NullReferenceException.

Some teams using Resharper make use of JetBrains attributes to annotate code to highlight where nulls are (not) expected.

The “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error is a prevalent Windows error that originates from a Microsoft Visual Studio issue. This error code will appear in a situation where a Microsoft Visual Studio object is missing, is classified as null, or cannot be reached. 

As it turns out, this issue is not specific to Microsoft Visual Studio developers as it can also be thrown by other applications that are built using Microsoft Visual Studio dependencies. Here’s a shortlist of potential culprits that are most likely responsible for this problem:

Now that we went over every potential reason why you might see the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error, let’s go over every confirmed fix 

1. Install the 1803 Update (Windows 10 Only)

The error is sometimes received when loading the Juris^® Suite Inquiry on Windows 10 Professional Edition computers. Upon investigating, found that this issue is caused by a Windows Update and has been resolved by a hotfix included in the Windows Update 1803.  

Update: The error can also occur due to a conflict on some touchscreen devices, such as Microsoft Surface.

In case you’re experiencing this issue on Windows 10 and you haven’t installed the 1803 update yet, updating should take care of the issue if this is the root cause of the problem. 

If you’re looking for specific instructions on how to update, follow the instructions below:

1. To open the Run dialog box, press Windows key + R. In the text box, type “ms-settings:windowsupdate” and press Enter to go to the Windows Update tab in Settings. 
2. In the Windows Update screen, go to the right section and click Check for Updates. 
3. After the initial scan is complete, install any pending Windows updates. If you have a lot of updates, you might have to restart before you can install all of them. If so, restart as instructed, but come back to this screen after startup to finish installing the updates.
4. When you finish installing updates, reboot your computer one final time and see if the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error is still occurring.

If this fix was not applicable or it didn’t fix the issue in your case, move down to the next method below. 

2. Disable the Touch Keyboard and Handwriting Panel Service (if applicable) 

If you previously confirmed that the Windows Update 1803 is installed on your Windows 10 version, the next thing you should investigate is a potential conflict caused by the Handwriting Panel Service.

Several users that are dealing with the same issue have confirmed that they finally managed to take care of the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error after effectively disabling the Touch Keyboard and Handwriting Panel from the services screen.

Warning:  This procedure will affect the usage of any connected touch screen device. Don’t attempt this fix below if you’re using a touchscreen device like Microsoft Surface since it will effectively break the touchscreen functionality.

If you are prepared to apply this fix, follow the instructions below:

1. Press Windows key + R to open up a Run dialog box. Next, type ‘services.msc’ and press Ctrl + Shift + Enter to open up the Services screen with admin access.
2. At the User Account Control (UAC), click Yes to grant admin access. 
3. Once you’re inside the Services screen, scroll down through the list of available services and locate the Touch Keyboard and Handwriting Panel service. 
4. When you see it, right-click on it and choose Properties from the context menu. 
5. Once you’re inside the Properties screen of Touch Keyboard and Handwriting Panel service, access the General tab and set the Startup Type to Disabled before hitting Apply to save the changes. 
6. Restart your PC and check if the problem is now fixed by repeating the same action that was previously causing the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error.

If the problem is still not resolved, move down to the next method below. 

3. Reset Visual Studio user data

User data may also be the root cause of the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error. To fix this, we need to reset all user data related to Visual Studio.

Note: Please note that your user settings, such as Visual Studio layout, linked Microsoft account, or start page, may be lost after you perform the procedure below. 

To accomplish this, we’ll need to access the user Visual Studio folder (under AppData) via File Explorer and delete the contents inside before restarting Visual Studio.

Follow the instructions below for step-by-step instructions on how to do this:

1. First things first, make sure that Visual Studio is closed and not running in the background.
2. Open File Explorer and navigate to the following location:

   C:Users%userprofile%AppDataLocalMicrosoftVisualStudio

   

3. Once you arrive inside the correct location, clear the contents of the folder by selecting everything, then right-clicking on a selected item and clicking on Delete. 
4. Restart your PC, then open Visual Studio once again and see if the problem is fixed.

In case this method was not applicable or it didn’t fix the issue in your case, move down to the next potential fix below. 

4. Run Microsoft Visual Studio with the required Permissions

Another scenario that might end up producing this issue is a scenario in which Microsoft Studio doesn’t have the required permissions to edit files from the projects that you’re opening inside the program.

This is way more common on Windows 10 where the developing environment does not open with admin rights by default.

Fortunately, you can force Microsoft Visual Studio to open with the necessary permissions by forcing your OS to open it with admin access. 

If you haven’t tried this yet, follow the instructions to open Microsoft Visual Studio with the required permissions:

1. Start by pressing the Windows key, then type Visual Studio in the search bar at the top.
2. From the list of results, right-click on Visual Studio and then click on Open file location from the context menu that just appeared. 
3. Next, right-click on Visual Studio from the revealed location, then click on Run as Administrator from the context menu. 
4. Now that you’ve ensured that Visual Studio opened with the necessary permissions, repeat the action that was causing the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error and see if the problem is fixed.

If the issue is still ongoing, try the next fix below.  

5. Update Microsoft Visual Studio

Microsoft regularly releases updates for Visual Studio to address common bugs and errors. For example, the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object error” can be fixed with an update if the problem is related to an application bug. Thus, it is important to keep Visual Studio up-to-date to avoid this and any similar errors.

Despite the fact that Microsoft Visual Studio prompts users when a new update is available, one should check for updates manually from time to time, just in case the prompt was missed or ignored.

Follow the instructions below to check if a new update is available for your current Visual Studio version:

1. Press the Windows key on your keyboard and type ‘Visual Studio Installer‘ inside the search box at the top. 
2. From the list of results, click on the Open button associated with Visual Studio Installer. 
3. Once the Visual Studio Installer utility is opened, wait until the auto-check is performed. If a new version is identified, you will be prompted by an Update button.
4. Click on the Update button, then follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation of the available update.  
5. After the new version is installed, reboot your PC and see if the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error is fixed once the next startup is complete.

In case the same problem is still occurring or your Visual Studio version was already updated to the latest, move down to the next method below. 

6. Update Microsoft Visual Studio Extensions

Even if you made sure that you’re running on the latest version of Microsoft Visual Studio, it’s still likely that some of the extensions (if you’re using any) might be outdated and indirectly cause the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error. 

If you’re actually relying on Visual Studio extensions in your development, follow the instructions below to check if every extension is updated to the latest version:

1. First things first, make sure that you open the project that you’re experiencing the issue with.
2. Once the project is loaded, use the ribbon bar at the top to click on Extensions, then click on Manage Extensions from the context menu that just appeared. 
3. Once you’re inside the extensions tab, check if any of the available Visual Studio extensions need updating. If new updates are available, click on Update all and confirm the process. 
4. Once every available update is installed, restart the application and see if the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error is fixed.

If this method was not applicable in your particular scenario, move down to the next method below. 

7. Install Microsoft ASP.NET and Web Tools

Microsoft ASP.NET and HTML/JavaScript are all tools that are used to create dynamic web pages and prevent errors, such as “Object reference not set..”. If you don’t have these dependencies installed, chances are installing them will fix the issue automatically.

Fortunately, Visual Studio makes it easy to install Microsoft ASP.NET and Web Tools.

Follow the instructions below to install the missing Microsoft ASP.NET and Web Tools:

1. Start by opening Visual Studio and load up your existing project that’s causing the problem.
2. Once the project is loaded, use the ribbon bar at the top to click on Tools > Get Tools and Features. 
3. Once you’re inside the Get Tools and Features menu, check the box associated with ASP.NET and web development, then click on Install while downloading. 
4. Once this dependency is installed, restart the application and see if the problem is now fixed. 

If the problem is still not fixed, move down to the next method below. 

8. Check for a Vault critical server problem (if applicable)

If you’re experiencing this issue while attempting to use the Vault server infrastructure provided by AutoDesk, one of the most common causes is an issue with the critical services used by the Vault Servers infrastructure.

To investigate whether this is the cause of the issue, follow the instructions below to check if the following services are all running:

• Autodesk Data Management Job Dispatch.
• SQL Server (AUTODESKVAULT)*.
• SQL Server Agent (AUTODESKVAULT)*.
• Windows Process Activation Service.
• World Wide Publishing Services.

If any of the services mentioned above are not running, start them manually to fix the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error:

1. Log in to Windows on the Vault server, then press Windows key + R to open up a Run dialog box. 
2. Inside the run prompt that just appeared, type ‘services.msc’ and press Ctrl + Shift + Enter to open the Services screen with admin access. 
3. Once you’re inside the Services Management Console, check the status of the services below and ensure that every one of them is currently running:

   Autodesk Data Management Job Dispatch.
   
   SQL Server (AUTODESKVAULT)*.
   
   SQL Server Agent (AUTODESKVAULT)*.
   
   Windows Process Activation Service.
   
   World Wide Publishing Services.

4. If any of these services are not currently running, right-click on each of them individually and click on Restart. 
5. Once every service is restarted, repeat the action that was causing the error and see if it’s now fixed.

If the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error is still occurring, move down to the next method below. 

9. Delete the Local Vault Client Profile (if applicable) 

Another potential cause that might trigger the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error when using the Vault Servers is some type of corruption that is affecting the Vault user profile.

If this scenario is applicable and you haven’t attempted this fix yet, all you need to do is every Autodesk folder that holds user data.

IMPORTANT: You will only be able to do this when the main application is closed. So before proceeding with the deletion of the folders below, close the Autodesk app.

Here are the folders that need to be deleted in order to clear the data related to the Vault Client Profile:

• “%APPDATA%AutodeskVaultCommon”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskProductstream 20xx”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskVault Explorer 20xx”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskAutoCAD 20xx Vault Addin”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskAutodesk Vault Basic 20xx”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskAutodesk Vault Workgroup 20xx”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskAutodesk Vault Professional 20xx”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskAutoloader”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskReference Repair Utility”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskInventor 20xx Vault Addin”
• “%APPDATA%AutodeskVaultManager”

Note: Deleting these folders won’t affect the functionality of the Autodesk app. These folders will be automatically regenerated the next time you open the app.

If this method is not applicable or it didn’t work for you, move down to the next method below. 

10. Update Vault version (if applicable) 

In the past, this issue started occurring for AutoDesk users in scenarios where their Vault products were running on a deprecated version.

To make sure that you’re using the latest version, visit the official Vault Download page and download & install the latest available build. 

If the problem is still not fixed or not applicable, move down to the next method below. 

11. Uninstall and Reinstall Vault (if applicable) 

If you’re experiencing issues with your Vault software, you may need to repair, reinstall, or uninstall Vault Server, Vault Client, or the Vault integration for a CAD product (depending on the scenario that is applicable).

This scenario is applicable in scenarios where the Autodesk software is inconsistent and you suspect that the local installation contains some corrupted components that are causing issues with the Vault integration.

Note: This method is only applicable in scenarios where you are using Autodesk Vault (Server, Client, or CAD integration). If you’re not using Vault at all, skip this method altogether and move down to the final fix below. 

Depending on where the corruption initiates from, one of the sub-guides below should help you fix the issue:

• Uninstall and reinstall the Vault Client
• Uninstall and reinstall the Vault Server
• Uninstall and reinstall the Vault Integration 

Note: Our recommendation is to follow the sub-guides in the same order as presented below and see if any of them ends up fixing the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error. 

Uninstall and Reinstall the Vault Client

There are three main causes that will ultimately signal a potential corruption issue with the Thick Vault Client from Autodesk:

• The edition you’re using is not consistent with your package (e.g. you’re using Vault Office when you should be using Vault Professional)
• The software is behaving inconsistently due to a false positive.
• Some program file components have become corrupted.

If any o the scenarios described above are applicable, follow the instructions below to uninstall and reinstall the Vault Client:

1. Start by pressing the Windows key + R to open up a Run dialog box. 
2. Next, inside the Run prompt, type ‘appwiz.cpl’ and press Enter to open up the Programs and Features menu. 
3. Once you’re inside the Programs and Features menu, locate the entry associated with Vault Basic, Vault Workshop, or Vault Professional (Client), right-click on them, and choose Uninstall. 
4. From the uninstallation screen that just appeared, click on Uninstall from the list of available options.
5. Click Uninstall again, then follow the on-screen instructions to complete the uninstallation. 
6. Once the uninstallation is complete, visit the installation directory of Autodesk Vault and remove any leftover files.
7. Restart your client, then reinstall the software from scratch using the provided installation media (or download link). 

Uninstall and reinstall the Vault Integration

Integrating your Vault-enabled applications ( AutoCAD, Inventor, Revit, etc) with a Vault server enables interaction without needing to switch programs. If the Thick Vault client detects qualifying products during its installation, it will automatically install integrations.

However, if the AutoDesk Vault software is behaving inconsistently and you suspect that some of the files belonging to the installation have become corrupted, you can attempt to fix the issue by attempting to uninstall the Vault integration/s.

To do this, you would need to use the Programs and Features menu to “Change” the installation of the Thick Vault client and get rid of the problematic integration.

Follow the instructions below for specific instructions on how to do this:

1. To begin, press the Windows key + R to open a Run dialog box.
2. Inside the Run prompt, type ‘appwiz.cpl’ and press Enter to open the Programs and Features menu.
3. Once you’re inside the Programs and Features menu, find the entry associated with Vault Basic, Vault Workshop, or Vault Professional (Client), right-click on it, and choose Uninstall/Change.
4.  The uninstallation screen will appear; click on Add or Remove Features from the list of available options.
5. Next, you will get a list of all the integrations that are currently installed. Cycle through the list and untick the integration that is causing the problem from the list. 
6. Once you’ve excluded the integrations that you want to remove, click on Update to make the changes reflect on the Vault app. 
7. Follow the remaining instructions to complete the process, then reboot your PC and see if the problem is now fixed after going through the steps of reinstalling the integration that you’ve just recently removed. 

If the same kind of issue is still occurring, move down to the next sub-guide below. 

Uninstall and reinstall the Vault Server

If you notice that the software started to behave inconsistently and you burned through the other potential fixes above, you should investigate whether the programs or the components owned by Vault are actually corrupted and causing the problem.

In this case, you should be able to fix the problem by uninstalling and reinstalling the vault server. 

Follow the instructions below for specific instructions on how to do this:

1. To begin, press the Windows key + R to open a Run dialog box.
2. Then, type ‘appwiz.cpl’ into the prompt and press Enter to access the Programs and Features menu.
3. In the Programs and Features menu, locate the entry for Vault Basic,or Workgroup or Professional (Server). Right-click on the entry and select Uninstall from the drop-down menu.
4. A new screen will appear with the option to click on Uninstall. Click on Uninstall again and follow the instructions to finish the uninstallation.
5. After uninstallation is complete, go to the installation directory of the Autodesk Vault server and remove any leftover files.
6. Finally, restart your client and reinstall the software from scratch using the provided installation media (or download link).

If this method didn’t fix the issue in your case, move down to the next potential fix below. 

12. Prevent antivirus interference (if applicable) 

If you’ve come this far without a resolution that worked in your case, you should know that certain security software can sometimes be over-aggressive with their protection and block the communications of legitimate software like AutoDesk Vault. 

If you’re certain that you’re dealing with a false positive, the only thing you can do is take some steps to prevent your active antivirus from interfering with the AutoDesk Vault.

AV suites such as Comodo, Avast, McAffee are often cited as the main culprits for causing this type of behavior with AutoDesk vault.

However, there may be other programs that will cause the same type of behavior. If you think your AV software might be the problem, you should start by disabling real-time protection and see if that makes the difference.

To disable real-time protection in most security suites, including Avast, simply go to the taskbar menu.

If you’re using a 3rd party security suite that also has a firewall, however, simply disabling real-time protection will not be enough. In this case, you will need to uninstall the entire security suite and clear any remnant files that might still cause problems.

Here is a quick guide on how to uninstall a problematic 3rd party security suite and clear any leftover files:

1. To open the Programs and Features menu, press Windows key + R to open up a Run dialog box.
2. Next, type ‘appwiz.cpl’ and press Enter.
   
3. Scroll through the list of installed applications in the Applications and Features menu to find the 3rd party security suite you wish to uninstall.
4. Next, right-click on it and choose Uninstall from the context menu.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions to finish uninstalling, then restart your computer to save the changes.
6. To remove any leftover files from the uninstalled AV suite, follow these instructions to ensure that you’re not leaving behind any AV files that might cause the same behavior. 
7. Repeat the action that was causing the “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error and see if the problem is now fixed. 

The “Object reference not set to an instance of an object” is a very famous error in C# that appears when you get a NullReferenceException. This occurs when you try to access a property or method of an object that points to a null value. They can be fixed using Null conditional operators and handled using try-catch blocks.

In this post, we will learn more about the error and the ways to fix it.

What is “NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error?

As mentioned earlier, the NullReferenceException indicates that your code is trying to work with an object that has a null value as its reference. This means that the reference object has not been initialized.

This is a runtime exception that can be caught using a try-catch block.

Example code

try
{
    string a = null;
    a.ToString();
}
catch (NullReferenceException e)
{
    //Code to do something with e
}

How to fix this error?

You can fix this error by using the following methods:

• Using Null conditional operators
• Using the Null Coalescing operator
• Using nullable datatypes in C#   

1) Using Null conditional operators

This method is easier than using an if-else condition to check whether the variable value is null. Look at this example,

int? length = customers?.Length; // this will return null if customers is null, instead of throwing the exception

2) Using the Null Coalescing operator

This operator looks like “??” and provides a default value to variables that have a null value. It is compatible with all nullable datatypes.

Example

int length = customers?.Length ?? 0; // 0 is provided by default if customers is null      

3) Using nullable datatypes in C#   

All reference types in C# can have a null value. But some data types such as int and Boolean cannot take null values unless they are explicitly defined. This is done by using Nullable data types.

For example,

static int Add(string roll_numbers)
{
return roll_numbers.Split(","); // This code might throw a NullReferenceException as roll_numbers variable can be null 
}

Correct code

static int Add(string? roll_numbers) // As roll_numbers argument can now be null, the NullReferenceException can be avoided  
{
return roll_numbers.Split(",");  
}

The best way to avoid the «NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object” error is to check the values of all variables while coding. You can also use a simple if-else statement to check for null values, such as if (numbers!=null) to avoid this exception.