Ubuntu error enospc system limit for number of file watchers reached

In this post, we will see - How To Fix - "ENOSPC: System Limit for Number of File Watchers Reached" occured while developing applications in

In this post, we will see – How To Fix – “ENOSPC: System Limit for Number of File Watchers Reached”. This error can occur while developing applications in React Native, Node.js, AngularJS etc.

Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached, watch -------
tail: cannot watch '/var/log/messages': No space left on device"

First thing first – ENOSPC -> Denotes that means that there is not sufficient space on the drive (or Temp folder also) to save files or for watchman to watch for all file changes that are happening. This error mostly happens in the Developer Workspaces when watching files (through grunt / gulp).


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Try the below fixes and see how it goes.

Do the Primitive checks first.

Primitive Checks :

  • Check what is the max no of user_watches being set currently
cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches
  • Check what is the max no. of inotify instances which correspond to the no. of allowed Watch Services instances.
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_instances
  • If you want to be more exclusive and check who is using up the inotify watches, use below. The first column will show the no. of inotify fds (NOT the number of watches) and the second no. shows the PID of that process.
find /proc/*/fd -lname anon_inode:inotify |
cut -d/ -f3 |
xargs -I '{}' -- ps --no-headers -o '%p %U %c' -p '{}' |
uniq -c |
sort -nr
  • Try the npm cache clearance 
    npm cache clear 
npm cache verify


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Once the above checks are completed , you can use the below fixes to apply.

Solution :

One option is to change or increase the existing Native Watch Limit i.e. how many files a process can watch. Note that npm or a process controlled by npm keeps watching so many files.

We can take help of the Linux inotify package which is used to monitor directories, individual files or filesystem events.

We can update the max_user_watches to fix it.

The max value is 524288 and if used max, that means you will be using approx 256MB/512MB of 32-bit/64-bit kernel memory.

Each inotify watch uses 540 bytes of kernel memory on 32-bit architectures, and 1080 bytes on 64-bit architectures and Kernel memory is unswappable. Hence there is obviously a memory cost.


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  • Put the new max_user_watches value in the config <NEW_COUNT>. The “sysctl -w” will write this kernel parameter values to the corresponding keys under /proc/sys. This option will retain this value till next Reboot. Hence after making the changes, Test if the error is gone or not.
sudo sysctl -w fs.inotify.max_user_watches=<NEW_COUNT>
  • If error is gone, then you can make this <NEW_COUNT> value permanent by adding to /etc/sysctl.conf (or a file under /etc/sysctl.d usually /etc/sysctl.d/local.conf). This means add “fs.inotify.max_user_watches=<NEW_COUNT>”.
    • Debian/RedHat system – Add to /etc/sysctl.conf file.
    • Arch Linux – Add a new file into /etc/sysctl.d/ e.g. /etc/sysctl.d/40-max-user-watches.conf
$ sudo echo "fs.inotify.max_user_watches=524288" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
  • Reload systemd settings to activate the new settings. To reload systemd settings, either reboot the machine or run the following command:
$ sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

You can also try the additional things if the issue is not resolved till this point.


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Additional 1 :

Additionally, you can also modify the below settings –

  • Increase the max. no. of inotify instances. This corresponds to the no. of allowed Watch Services instances.
    • Retrieve the current value. 
      $ cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_instances
    • Generally the default value is 128. This means only 128 watches can be created. To increase the no. permanently, add the configuration to /etc/sysctl.conf:
       $ sudo echo "fs.inotify.max_user_instances=1024" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
  • Reload systemd settings to activate the new settings. 
    $ sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

Additional 2:

  • Increase the open file limit.
    • Retrieve the current value
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
  • To permanently increase the open file limit , add the configuration to /etc/sysctl.conf:
$ sudo echo "fs.file-max=2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
  • Reload systemd settings to activate the new settings.
$ sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf


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Hope this post helps to solve the error.

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Источник

Describe the bug

npm start ends with a cryptic error due to exceeding the amount of files the system can watch:

Starting the development server...

events.js:170
      throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event
      ^

Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file watchers reached, watch '/home/u/work/some-repo/public'
    at FSWatcher.start (internal/fs/watchers.js:165:26)
    at Object.watch (fs.js:1274:11)
    at createFsWatchInstance (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/lib/nodefs-handler.js:37:15)
    at setFsWatchListener (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/lib/nodefs-handler.js:80:15)
    at FSWatcher.NodeFsHandler._watchWithNodeFs (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/lib/nodefs-handler.js:232:14)
    at FSWatcher.NodeFsHandler._handleDir (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/lib/nodefs-handler.js:422:19)
    at FSWatcher.<anonymous> (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/lib/nodefs-handler.js:470:19)
    at FSWatcher.<anonymous> (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/lib/nodefs-handler.js:475:16)
    at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (fs.js:159:5)
Emitted 'error' event at:
    at FSWatcher._handleError (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/index.js:260:10)
    at createFsWatchInstance (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/lib/nodefs-handler.js:39:5)
    at setFsWatchListener (/home/u/work/some-repo/node_modules/chokidar/lib/nodefs-handler.js:80:15)
    [... lines matching original stack trace ...]
    at FSReqCallback.oncomplete (fs.js:159:5)
npm ERR! code ELIFECYCLE
npm ERR! errno 1
npm ERR! some-repo@0.1.0 start: `react-scripts start`
npm ERR! Exit status 1
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! Failed at the some-repo@0.1.0 start script.
npm ERR! This is probably not a problem with npm. There is likely additional logging output above.

npm ERR! A complete log of this run can be found in:
npm ERR!     /home/u/.npm/_logs/2019-08-30T09_50_59_595Z-debug.log

Did you try recovering your dependencies?

Yes

Which terms did you search for in User Guide?

exclude blacklist folders directories watch watched

Environment

  System:
    OS: Linux 5.1 Manjaro Linux undefined
    CPU: (16) x64 AMD Ryzen 7 2700X Eight-Core Processor
  Binaries:
    Node: 11.15.0 - /usr/bin/node
    Yarn: Not Found
    npm: 6.10.3 - /usr/bin/npm
  Browsers:
    Chrome: Not Found
    Firefox: 68.0.1
  npmPackages:
    react: ^16.8.1 => 16.8.1 
    react-dom: ^16.8.1 => 16.8.1 
    react-scripts: 2.1.3 => 2.1.3 
  npmGlobalPackages:
    create-react-app: Not Found

Steps to reproduce

  1. Create a new app with create-react-app
  2. Add dependencies so that the total amount of files in the project (including node_modules) is larger than the file watch limit (cat /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches)

My project doesn’t even have many dependencies. Mostly added with npm i apollo-boost graphql react-apollo -S. And it already created three times as many files as the maximum currently allowed by the system to watch. I would expect this problem to be quite common on some systems.

Expected behavior

I am aware of the solutions provided in #2549 and #6068.

Asking users to increase the limit only pushes the problem further without resolving it. And in my opinion is a workaround for a bad design. It also provides a less than ideal user experience and unnecessarily raises the bar for newbie developers.

The npm start script should either:

  1. Not watch all files in the project by default, only project files.

The script can then ask the user to restart the app after updating dependencies and show info to how to enable watching node_modules if they want to recompile automatically after updating dependencies. From my experience it’s better to restart the application after dependencies have been updated rather than rely on watch due to problems with watching and compiling source files in linked npm modules (if used of course).

  1. Watch all files but detect when the amount is beyond system limits.

The script can show a warning to the user telling them there is a problem and how to resolve it, then fall back to not watching node_modules until it’s resolved. Detecting how many files is in the project is quite quick:

# time find . | wc -l
45601

real    0m0.082s
user    0m0.021s
sys     0m0.064s
  1. Watch all files but there should be another script similar to start that skips watching node_modules.

Providing such a script, say quick-start, could also serve as a quick example how to exclude certain folders from the watcher should the user opt to do that.

In any case the scripts documentation and/or troubleshooting and/or Advanced Configuration guide should mention that the start script will attempt to automatically watch all files in the project, including node_modules. Then it should be documented how to enable or disable (depending on what’s the default behaviour) watching specific folders, including how to enable or disable watching node_modules.

Actual behavior

Application doesn’t start. Only a cryptic error is shown to the user. For less advanced users it’s not possible to figure out what the problem might be without searching the internet and learning all the theory about inotify, kqueue (FreeBSD or Mac) and system limits. They may try various snippets of code available on Stack Overflow or other resources to increase the system limit, which may or may not work due to differences between systems.

Источник

inotify watcher limit problems

When using some applications and tools, including Webpack or code-server, you
may encounter an error similar to the following:

Watchpack Error (watcher): Error: ENOSPC: System limit for number of file
watchers reached, watch ‘/some/path’

This article will show you how to diagnose and troubleshoot this error, which
relates to a high number of inotify watchers in use.

Background

inotify allows programs to monitor files for changes, so that they receive
an event whenever a user or program modifies a file. inotify requires kernel
resources (memory and processor) for each file it tracks. As a result, the Linux
kernel limits the number of file watchers that each user can register. The
default settings vary according to the host system distribution; on Ubuntu 20.04
LTS, the default limit is 8,192 watches per instance.

On a 64-bit system, each inotify watch that programs register will consume ~1
kB of kernel memory, which cannot be swapped to disk and is not counted against
the workspace memory limit setting.

Diagnosis

If you encounter the error that’s the focus of this article, the total number of
watchers in use is approaching the max_user_watches setting. The following
sections will show you how to verify if this is the case.

Check tunable settings

There are three kernel tuning options related to the inotify system:

  • fs.inotify.max_queued_events: The upper bound on the number of file
    notification events pending delivery to programs
  • fs.inotify.max_user_instances: The maximum number of inotify instances per
    user (programs using inotify will typically create a single instance, so
    this limit is unlikely to cause issues)
  • fs.inotify.max_user_watches: The maximum number of files and folders that
    programs can monitor for changes

To see the values for these settings that are applicable to your workspace, run:

sysctl fs.inotify.{max_queued_events,max_user_instances,max_user_watches}

You should see output similar to the following:

fs.inotify.max_queued_events = 16384
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 128
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 8192

Because these settings are not namespace-aware, the values will be the same
regardless of whether you run the commands on the host system or inside a
container running on that host.

See inotify(7) for
additional details regarding the inotify system.

Identify inotify consumers

To identify the programs consuming inotify watches, you can use a script that
summarizes the information available in the /proc filesystem, such as
inotify-consumers.

Running ./inotify-consumers will show the names of programs along with the
number of inotify watches registered with the kernel, which will look like the
following:

$ ./inotify-consumers
   INOTIFY
   WATCHER
    COUNT     PID USER     COMMAND
--------------------------------------
     269   254560 coder    /var/tmp/coder/code-server/lib/node /var/tmp/coder/code-server/lib/vscode/out/bootstrap-fork --type=watcherService
       5     1722 coder    /var/tmp/coder/code-server/lib/node /var/tmp/coder/code-server/lib/vscode/out/vs/server/fork
       2   254538 coder    /var/tmp/coder/code-server/lib/node /var/tmp/coder/code-server/lib/vscode/out/bootstrap-fork --type=extensionHost
       2     1507 coder    gpg-agent --homedir /home/coder/.gnupg --use-standard-socket --daemon

     278  WATCHERS TOTAL COUNT

Please note that this is a third-party script published by an individual who
is not affiliated with Coder, and as such, we cannot provide a warranty or
support for its usage.

To see the specific files that the tools track for changes, you can use strace
to monitor invocations of the inotify_add_watch system call, for example:

$ strace --follow-forks --trace='inotify_add_watch' inotifywait --quiet test
inotify_add_watch(3, "test", IN_ACCESS|IN_MODIFY|IN_ATTRIB|IN_CLOSE_WRITE|IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE|IN_OPEN|IN_MOVED_FROM|IN_MOVED_TO|IN_CREATE|IN_DELETE|IN_DELETE_SELF|IN_MOVE_SELF) = 1

This example shows that the inotifywait command is listening for notifications
related to the test file.

Resolution

If you encounter the file watcher limit, you can do one of two things:

  1. Reduce the number of file watcher registrations
  2. Increase the maximum file watcher limit

We recommend attempting to reduce the file watcher registrations first, because
increasing the number of file watches may result in high processor utilization.

Reduce watchers

Many applications include files that change rarely (e.g., third-party
dependencies stored in node_modules). Your tools may watch for changes to
these files and folders, consuming inotify watchers. These tools typically
provide configuration settings to exclude specific files, paths, and patterns
from file watching.

For example, Visual Studio Code and code-server apply the following user
workspace setting by default:

"files.watcherExclude": {
  "**/.git/objects/**": true,
  "**/.git/subtree-cache/**": true,
  "**/node_modules/**": true,
  "**/.hg/store/**": true
},

Consider adding other infrequently-changed files to this list, which will cause
Visual Studio Code to poll (or check periodically) for changes to those files.

For information on how to do this with other software tools, please see their
documentation/user manuals.

Increase the watch limit

You can increase the kernel tunable option to increase the maximum number of
inotify watches for each user. This is a global setting that applies to all
users sharing the same system/Kubernetes node. To do this, modify the sysctl
configuration file, or apply a DaemonSet to the Kubernetes cluster to apply that
change to all nodes automatically.

You must rebuild workspaces before your changes take effect.

For example, you can create a file called /etc/sysctl.d/watches.conf and
include the following contents:

fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 10485760

Alternatively, you can use the following DaemonSet with kubectl apply:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: more-fs-watchers
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: more-fs-watchers
    k8s-app: more-fs-watchers
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: more-fs-watchers
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: more-fs-watchers
        k8s-app: more-fs-watchers
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
        apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
    spec:
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      initContainers:
        - name: sysctl
          image: alpine:3
          env:
            # Each inotify watch consumes kernel memory, and existing container memory
            # limits do not account for this. While you can set an arbitrary limit here,
            # note that permitting large numbers of watches may result in performance
            # degradation and out-of-memory errors. The required memory per watcher is
            # platform-dependent and defined as INOTIFY_WATCH_COST in fs/notify:
            # https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c
            #
            # The default in this file is 10 million watchers per user.
            - name: "USER_WATCHES_MAX"
              value: "10485760"
          command:
            - sysctl
            - -w
            - fs.inotify.max_user_watches=$(USER_WATCHES_MAX)
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 1Mi
            limits:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 5Mi
          securityContext:
            # We need to run as root in a privileged container to modify
            # /proc/sys on the host (for sysctl)
            runAsUser: 0
            privileged: true
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
      containers:
        - name: pause
          image: k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.5
          command:
            - /pause
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 1Mi
            limits:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 5Mi
          securityContext:
            runAsNonRoot: true
            runAsUser: 65535
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            privileged: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 5

This DaemonSet will ensure that the corresponding pod runs on every Linux node
in the cluster. When new nodes join the cluster, such as during an autoscaling
event, the DaemonSet will ensure that the pod runs on the new node as well.

You can delete the DaemonSet by running:

$ kubectl delete --namespace=kube-system daemonset more-fs-watchers
daemonset.apps "more-fs-watchers" deleted

However, note that the setting will persist until the node restarts or another
program sets the fs.inotify.max_user_watches setting.

See also

  • INotify watch limit
    provides additional context on this problem and its resolution
  • inotify(7), the Linux
    manual page related to the inotify system call
  • Kernel Korner — Intro to inotify
  • Filesystem notification, part 1: An overview of dnotify and inotify
    and
    Filesystem notification, part 2: A deeper investigation of inotify
    examine the inotify mechanism and its predecessor, dnotify, in detail
  • Microsoft’s Language Server Protocol (LSP) specification
    describes an approach for using file watch notifications
    (Visual Studio Code and code-server, along with many other editors, uses this
    protocol for programming language support, and the same constraints and
    limitations apply to those tools)
  • Resources for Visual Studio Code and code-server:
    • User and workspace settings,
      in particular, the setting called files.watcherExclude
    • VS Code Setting: files.watcherExclude
      (YouTube)
    • My ultimate VSCode configuration,
      a blog post describing a user’s preferred settings, including file
      exclusions

If none of these steps resolve the issue, please contact us for further
support.

Источник

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