Valueerror invalid literal for int with base 10 python как исправить ошибку

В этой статье мы рассмотрим из-за чего возникает ошибка ValueError: Invalid Literal For int() With Base 10 и как ее исправить в Python.

Введение

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10 — это исключение, которое может возникнуть, когда мы пытаемся преобразовать строковый литерал в целое число с помощью метода int(), а строковый литерал содержит символы, отличные от цифр. В этой статье мы попытаемся понять причины этого исключения и рассмотрим различные методы, позволяющие избежать его в наших программах.

Описание ошибки ValueError

ValueError — это исключение в Python, которое возникает, когда в метод или функцию передается аргумент с правильным типом, но неправильным значением. Первая часть сообщения, т.е. «ValueError», говорит нам о том, что возникло исключение, поскольку в качестве аргумента функции int() передано неправильное значение. Вторая часть сообщения «invalid literal for int() with base 10» говорит нам о том, что мы пытались преобразовать входные данные в целое число, но входные данные содержат символы, отличные от цифр в десятичной системе счисления.

Использование функции int()

Функция int() в Python принимает строку или число в качестве первого аргумента и необязательный аргумент base, обозначающий формат числа. По умолчанию base имеет значение 10, которое используется для десятичных чисел, но мы можем передать другое значение base, например 2 для двоичных чисел или 16 для шестнадцатеричных. В этой статье мы будем использовать функцию int() только с первым аргументом, и значение по умолчанию для base всегда будет равно нулю. Это можно увидеть в следующих примерах.

Мы можем преобразовать число с плавающей точкой в целое число, как показано в следующем примере. Когда мы преобразуем число с плавающей точкой в целое число с помощью функции int(), цифры после десятичной дроби отбрасываются из числа на выходе.

num = 22.03
print(f"Число с плавающей точкой: {num}")
num = int(num)
print(f"Целое число: {num}")

Вывод программы:

Число с плавающей точкой: 22.03
Целое число: 22

Мы можем преобразовать строку, состоящую из цифр, в целое число, как показано в следующем примере. Здесь входные данные состоят только из цифр, поэтому они будут преобразованы в целое число.

num = "22"
print(f"Строка: {num}")
num = int(num)
print(f"Целое число: {num}")

Вывод программы

Строка: 22
Целое число: 22

Два типа входных данных, показанные в двух вышеприведенных примерах, являются единственными типами входных данных, для которых функция int() работает правильно. При передаче в качестве аргументов функции int() других типов входных данных будет сгенерирован ValueError с сообщением «invalid literal for int() with base 10». Теперь мы рассмотрим различные типы входных данных, для которых в функции int() может быть сгенерирован ValueError.

Причины возникновения ошибки

Как говорилось выше, «ValueError: invalid literal for int()» может возникнуть, когда в функцию int() передается ввод с несоответствующим значением. Это может произойти в следующих случаях.

Случай №1

Python ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10 возникает, когда входные данные для метода int() являются буквенно-цифровыми, а не числовыми, и поэтому входные данные не могут быть преобразованы в целое число. Это можно понять на следующем примере.

В этом примере мы передаем в функцию int() строку, содержащую буквенно-цифровые символы, из-за чего возникает ValueError, выводящий на экран сообщение «ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10».

num = "22я"
print(f"Строка: {num}")
num = int(num)
print(f"Целое число: {num}")

Вывод программы

Строка: 22я
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/krnlnx/Projects/Test/num.py", line 3, in <module>
    num = int(num)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '22я'

Случай №2

Python ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10 возникает, когда входные данные функции int() содержат пробельные символы, и поэтому входные данные не могут быть преобразованы в целое число. Это можно понять на следующем примере.

В этом примере мы передаем в функцию int() строку, содержащую пробел, из-за чего возникает ValueError, выводящий на экран сообщение «ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10».

num = "22 11"
print(f"Строка: {num}")
num = int(num)
print(f"Целое число: {num}")

Вывод программы

Строка: 22 11
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/krnlnx/Projects/Test/num.py", line 3, in <module>
    num = int(num)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '22 11'

Случай №3

Python ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10 возникает, когда вход в функцию int() содержит какие-либо знаки препинания, такие как точка «.» или запятая «,». Поэтому входные данные не могут быть преобразованы в целое число. Это можно понять на следующем примере.

В этом примере мы передаем в функцию int() строку, содержащую символ точки «.», из-за чего возникает ValueError, выводящий сообщение «ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10».

num = "22.11"
print(f"Строка: {num}")
num = int(num)
print(f"Целое число: {num}")

Вывод программы

Строка: 22.11
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/krnlnx/Projects/Test/num.py", line 3, in <module>
    num = int(num)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '22.11'

Как избежать ошибки?

Мы можем избежать исключения ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10, используя упреждающие меры для проверки того, состоит ли входной сигнал, передаваемый функции int(), только из цифр или нет. Для проверки того, состоит ли входной сигнал, передаваемый функции int(), только из цифр, можно использовать следующие способы.

• Мы можем использовать регулярные выражения, чтобы проверить, состоит ли входной сигнал, передаваемый функции int(), только из цифр или нет. Если входные данные содержат символы, отличные от цифр, мы можем сообщить пользователю, что входные данные не могут быть преобразованы в целое число. В противном случае мы можем продолжить работу в обычном режиме.
• Мы также можем использовать метод isdigit(), чтобы проверить, состоит ли входная строка только из цифр или нет. Метод isdigit() принимает на вход строку и возвращает True, если входная строка, переданная ему в качестве аргумента, состоит только из цифр в десятичной системе. В противном случае он возвращает False. После проверки того, состоит ли входная строка только из цифр или нет, мы можем преобразовать входные данные в целые числа.
• Возможна ситуация, когда входная строка содержит число с плавающей точкой и имеет символ точки «.» между цифрами. Для преобразования таких входных данных в целые числа с помощью функции int() сначала проверим, содержит ли входная строка число с плавающей точкой, т.е. имеет ли она только один символ точки между цифрами или нет, используя регулярные выражения. Если да, то сначала преобразуем входные данные в число с плавающей точкой, которое можно передать функции int(), а затем выведем результат. В противном случае будет сообщено, что входные данные не могут быть преобразованы в целое число.
• Мы также можем использовать обработку исключений, используя try except для обработки ValueError при возникновении ошибки. В блоке try мы обычно выполняем код. Когда произойдет ошибка ValueError, она будет поднята в блоке try и обработана блоком except, а пользователю будет показано соответствующее сообщение.

Заключение

В этой статье мы рассмотрели, почему в Python возникает ошибка «ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10», разобрались в причинах и механизме ее возникновения. Мы также увидели, что этой ошибки можно избежать, предварительно проверив, состоит ли вход в функцию int() только из цифр или нет, используя различные методы, такие как регулярные выражения и встроенные функции.

The python ValueError: Invalid literal for int() with base 10: ” error occurs when the built-in int() function is called with a string argument which cannot be parsed as an integer. The int() function returns an integer object created from a string or number. If there are no arguments, it returns 0. If the string or number can not convert as an integer, the error ValueError: Invalid literal for int() with base 10: ” will be thrown.

The int() function converts the given string or number to an integer. The default base for the int() buit-in function is 10. The digits are supposed to be between 0 and 9. The integer can also have negative numbers. If the string is empty or contains a value other than an integer, or if the string contains a float, the error ValueError: Invalid literal for int() with base 10: will be thrown.

The int() function converts the string to an integer if the string is a valid representation of the integer and validates against the base value if specified (default is base 10). The int() build in function displays the error message that shows you the exact string you were trying to parse as an integer.

Exception

The error ValueError: Invalid literal for int() with base 10: will be shown as below the stack trace. The stack trace shows the line that the int() build in function fails to parse to convert an integer from a string or a number.

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/python/Desktop/test.py", line 1, in <module>
    print int('')
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
[Finished in 0.1s with exit code 1]

How to reproduce this error

If the build in int() function is called with a string argument that contains an empty string, or contains a value other than an integer, or contains a float value, this error can be reproduced. In the example below, an attempt is made to pass an empty string to the build in int() function. The error ValueError: Invalid literal for int() with base 10: will be thrown as an empty string that can not be converted to an integer.

x=''
print int(x)

Output

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/python/Desktop/test.py", line 1, in <module>
    print int('')
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''
[Finished in 0.1s with exit code 1]

Root Cause

If the build in int() function is called with a string argument that contains an empty string, or contains a value other than an integer, or contains a float value, the int() function parses the string value to an integer value as per the base if specified. These arguments can not be parsed into an integer value since the string does not have a valid integer value.

Valid arguments in int() function

The following are valid arguments for the built in function int(). If you use one of the below, there will not be any error.

int() function with no argument – The default int() function which has no argument passed returns default value 0.

print int()    # returns 0

int() function with an integer value – If an integer value is passed as an argument in int() function, returns the integer value.

print int(5)   # returns 5

int() functions with a string containing an integer value – If a string having an integer value is passed as an argument in int() function, returns the integer value.

print int('5')   # returns 5

int() function with a float value – If a float value is passed as an argument in int() function, returns the integer part of the value.

print int(5.4)   # returns 5

int() function with a boolean value – If a boolean value is passed as an argument in int() function, returns the integer value for the boolean value.

print int(True)   # returns 1

Invalid arguments in int() function

Below is some of the examples that will cause the error.

int() function with an empty string – The empty string can not be parsed as an integer value

print int('')     # throws ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''

int() function with a string having a float value – If a string having a float value is passed as an argument, int() function will throw value error.

print int('5.4')     # throws ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '5.4'

int() function with a non-integer string – If a string contains a non-integer values such as characters and passed as an argument, the int() function will throw value error.

print int('q')     # throws ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'q'

Solution 1

If the string argument contains a float value in the built in function int(), it will throw the error. The string argument should be converted as a float value before it is passed as an argument to the int() function. This will resolve the error.

Program

x='5.4'
print int(x)

Output

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/python/Desktop/test.py", line 3, in <module>
    print int(x)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '5.4'
[Finished in 0.1s with exit code 1]

Solution

x='5.4'
print int(float(x))

Output

5
[Finished in 0.0s]

Solution 2

The string represents a number that should be verified using the buid-in function isdigit(). If the function isdigit() returns true, the string contains a valid integer number. It can be passed to the built in function int() as an argument. Otherwise, an error message would be shown to the user.

x='5.4'
if x.isdigit():
	print "Integer value is " , int(x)
else :
	print "Not an integer number"

Output

Not an integer number
[Finished in 0.0s]

Solution 3

If a string occasionally contains a non-integer number, the build-in function isdigit() is not a good choice. In this case, try-except will be used to solve this problem. If an integer is present in the string, it will be executed in the try block. Otherwise, an error message will be displayed to the user in the error block.

x='5.4'
try:
	print ("Integer value is " , int(x))
except:
	print "Not an integer number"

Output

Not an integer number
[Finished in 0.0s]

Solution 4

If a string argument contains an empty string, the built-in function int() will throw an error. The empty string should be validated before it is passed to the int() function.

x=''
if len(x) == 0:
	print "empty string"
else :
	print int(x)

Output

empty string
[Finished in 0.0s]

Solution 5

If the string argument contains a float value in the built in function int(), it will throw the error. The string argument should be verified using an built in function eval() before it is passed as an argument to the int() function. This will resolve the error.

x='2.3'
y = eval(x)
print type(y)
print eval(x)

Output

<type 'float'>
2.3
[Finished in 0.1s]

Python is a special language which allows you to handle errors and exceptions very well. With thousands of known exceptions and ability to handle each of them, all the errors are easily removable from the code. Keeping this in mind, we’ll discuss about the invalid literal for int() error in python.

Invalid literal for int() with base 10 is caused when you try to convert an invalid object into an integer. In Python, the int() function accepts an object and then converts it to an integer provided that it is in a readable format. So, when you try to convert a string with no integers in it, it’ll throw an error. This error belongs to the ValueError category as the value of the parameter is invalid.

ValueError in Python occurs when we one passes an inappropriate argument type. Invalid literal for int() with base 10 error is caused by passing an incorrect argument to the int() function. A ValueError is raised when we pass any string representation other than that of int.

Let us understand it in detail!

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10

This error message informs that there is an invalid literal for an integer in base 10. This error means that the value that we have passed cannot be converted.

Let us consider an example:

It may happen that we can think that while executing the above code, the decimal part,i.e, ‘.9’ will be truncated giving the output 1. However, this does not happen as the int( ) function uses the decimal number system as its base for conversion. This means that the default base for the conversion is 10. In the decimal number system, we have numbers from 0 to 9. Thus, int() with base = 10 can only convert a string representation of int and not floats or chars.

Let us see a few examples where this error can occur:

Example 1:

In this example the value “pythonpool” is a string value passed to the int() method which gives rise to the error.

Example 2:

As the value we have used here is float inside string, this gives rise to invalid literal for int() error.

Example 3:

We get error in this example as we have used list inside string.

Example 4:

The error invalid literal for int() arises because we have used tuple inside string.

Example 5:

Here, we have used dictionary inside string which gives rise to the error.

Example 6:

The error arises in this code as we have used the empty string in the int() method.

Resolution to the Error: invalid literal for int() with base 10:

Using float to avoid decimal numbers:

1

Here, we first converted the string representation into float using the float() method. We then used the int() method to convert it into an integer.

using try-catch: to resolve invalid literal for int() with base 10

try:
    x=int("12.1")
except:
    print("Error in converting to string")

Error in converting to string

Here we have used the try-catch method to rid the invalid literal for int() with base 10 error. Basically, if the error occurs inside the try block, it is caught in the catch block, thus preventing the error.

Using isdigit():

x="12"
if x.isdigit():
    x=int(x)
    print(type(x))

<class ' int '>

In this method, we first make sure that the content inside the string is integer using the isdigit() method. As a result, the error does not occur.

Using isnumeric():

x="12"
if x.isnumeric():
    x=int(x)
    print(type(x))

<class ' int '>

Isnumeric method of the string returns the boolean stating if the string is a number. If the string contains a number then we’ll convert it to int, else not.

Conclusion:

With this, we come to an end to this article. This was an easy way to get rid of the value error in Python. If the above method does not work, then one must if the string and make sure that it does not contain any letter.

However, if you have any doubts or questions, do let me know in the comment section below. I will try to help you as soon as possible.

Happy Pythoning!

Invalid literal for int() with base 10 occurs when you try to convert an invalid object into an integer. Python is good at converting between different data types. When using the int() function, we must follow a specific set of rules. If we do not follow these rules, we will raise a ValueError There are two causes of this particular ValueError:

1. If we pass a string containing anything that is not a number, this includes letters and special characters.
2. If we pass a string-type object to int() that looks like a float type.

To solve or avoid the error, ensure that you do not pass int() any letters or special characters.

This tutorial will go through the error in detail and how to solve it with examples.

What is a ValueError?

In Python, a value is the information stored within a certain object. You will encounter a ValueError in Python when you use a built-in operation or function that receives an argument that has the right type but an inappropriate value. Let’s look at an example of converting several a ValueError:

value = 'string'

print(float(value))

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
print(float(value))

ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'string'

The above code throws the ValueError because the value ‘string‘ is an inappropriate (non-convertible) string. You can only convert numerical strings using the float() method, for example:

value = '5'
print(float(value))

5.0

The code does not throw an error because the float function can convert a numerical string. The value of 5 is appropriate for the float function.

For further reading of ValueError, go to the article: How to Solve Python ValueError: cannot convert float nan to integer.

Passing Non-numerical Arguments to int()

If we pass an argument to int() that contains letters or special characters, we will raise the invalid literal ValueError.

An integer is a whole number, so the argument provided should only have real numbers.

Let’s take the example of a program that takes an input and performs a calculation on the input.

value_1 = input("Enter the first value:  ")

value_2 = input("Enter the second value:   ")

sum_values = value_1 + value_2

print("nThe sum is:  ", sum_values)

Enter the first value:  4

Enter the second value:   6

The sum is:   46

In this example, the program interprets the two inputs as string-type and concatenates them to give “46”. However, we want the program to interpret the two inputs as integer-type to calculate the sum. We need to convert the values to integers before performing the sum as follows:

value_1 = input("Enter the first value:  ")

value_2 = input("Enter the second value:   ")

sum_values = int(value_1) + int(value_2)

print("nThe sum is:  ", sum_values)

Enter the first value:  4

Enter the second value:   6

The sum is:   10

The code successfully runs, but the ValueError may still occur if the user inputs a value that is not an integer. Let’s look at an example, with the input “science”:

value_1 = input("Enter the first value:  ")

value_2 = input("Enter the second value:   ")

sum_values = int(value_1) + int(value_2)

print("nThe sum is:  ", sum_values)

Enter the first value:  4

Enter the second value:   science

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
sum = int(x) + int(y)

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'science'

The ValueError tells us that “science” is not a number. We can solve this by putting the code in a try/except block to handle the error.

value_1 = input("Enter the first value:  ")

value_2 = input("Enter the second value:   ")

try:

    sum_values = int(x) + int(y)

    print("nThe sum is:  ", sum_values)

except ValueError:

    print("nYou have entered one or more values that are not whole numbers.")


You have entered one or more values that are not whole numbers

The code has an exception handler that will tell the user that the input values are not whole numbers.

Passing Float-like Strings to int()

If you pass a string-type object that looks like a float type, such as 5.3, you will also raise the ValueError. In this case, Python detects the “.” as a special character. We cannot pass strings or special characters to the int() function.

int('5.3')

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
1 int('5.3')

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '5.3'

Let’s look at a bakery with a program to calculate whether it has enough cakes in stock to serve customers for the day. The input field must accept decimal numbers because cakes can be half consumed, quarter consumed, etc. We are only interested in integer level precision, not half cakes or quarter cakes, so we convert the input to an integer. We can use an if statement to check whether the bakery has more than a specified number of cakes. If there are not enough cakes, the program will inform us through a print statement. Otherwise, it will print that the bakery has enough cakes for the day. The program can look as follows:

cakes = input("How many cakes are left:  ")

cakes_int = int(cakes)

if cakes_int > 8:

    print('We have enough cakes!")

else:

    print("We do not have enough cakes!")

Let’s run the code with an input of “5.4” as a string.

Enter how many cakes are left:  5.4   

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
1 cakes = int(cakes)

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '5.4'

The ValueError occurs because we try to convert “5.4”, a string, as an integer. Python cannot convert a floating-point number in a string to an integer. To solve this issue, we need to convert the input to a floating-point number to convert to an integer. We can use the float() function, which returns a floating-point representation of a float, and the int() function produces an integer.

cakes = input("How many cakes are left:  ")

cakes_int = int(float(cakes))

if cakes_int > 8:

    print('We have enough cakes!")

else:

    print("We do not have enough cakes!")


Enter how many cakes are left:  5.4   

We do not have enough cakes!

The code successfully runs, with the conversion of the input to a float, the program can convert it to an integer. Based on the output, the bakery has more baking to do!

Rounding Floats

Using the int() function works with floats. However, the function will truncate everything after the decimal without rounding to the nearest integer.

cakes = float("5.7")

print(int(cakes))

5

We can see 5.7 is closer to 6 than 5, but the int() function truncates regardless of the decimal value. If it is more suitable to round floats to the nearest integer, you can use the round() function. We can make the change to the code as follows:

cakes = float("5.7")

rounded_cakes = round(cakes, 0)

print(int(cakes))

6

The second argument of the round() function specifies how many decimal places we want. We want to round to zero decimal places or the nearest integer in this example.

Summary

Congratulations on completing this tutorial! You know how the ValueError: invalid literal int() base 10 occurs and how to solve it like an expert. To summarize, integers are whole numbers, so string-type objects passed to the int() function should only contain positive or negative numbers. If we want to give a string-type object that looks like a float, int() will raise the ValueError due to the presence of the “.” special character. You must convert float-like strings to a floating-point object first and then convert to an integer. You can use the round() function to ensure the int() function does not incorrectly truncate a number and specify the number of decimal places.

Generally, ValueError occurs when the value or values used in the code do not match what the Python interpreter expects. Another common ValueError is ValueError: too many values to unpack (expected 2)

You can find other solutions to Python TypeErrors, such as TypeError: can only concatenate str (not “int”) to str, SyntaxError: unexpected EOF while parsing, and TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not str. If you want to learn how to write Python programs specific to data science and machine learning, I provide a compilation of the best online courses on Python for data science and machine learning.

Have fun and happy researching!

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Python is good at converting values to different data types. You can convert strings to integers, integers to strings, floats to integers, to name a few examples. There’s one conversion Python does not like: changing a float structured as a string to an integer.

In this tutorial, we discuss the ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10 error and why it is raised. We walk through an example of this error to help you understand how you can fix it in your code.

The Problem: ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10

Let’s start by reading our error message:

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10

Error messages have two parts. The first part tells us the type of error we are facing. A ValueError is raised when there is an issue with the value stored in a particular object.

Our error message tells us there is an invalid literal for an integer in base 10. This means the value we have passed through an int() method cannot be converted.

In Python, you can pass numbers formatted as strings into the float() and int() methods.

The int() method does not allow you to pass a float represented as a string. If you try to convert any string value not formatted as an integer, this error is raised.

This means you cannot convert a floating-point number in a string to an integer. In addition, you cannot convert letters to an integer (unless you are using letters with a special meaning, like “inf”).

An Example Scenario

Here, we build a program that calculates whether a coffee house has enough coffee in stock to serve their customers for a day. Our input field must accept decimal numbers because bags can be half full, a quarter full, and so on.

We convert the value a user inserts to an integer because we do not need to be precise down to the level of half-bags and quarter-bags.

Let’s start by asking the user to insert how many coffee bags are left using an input() statement:

coffee_bags = input("Enter how many coffee bags are left: ")

Next, we convert this value to an integer. We then use an “if” statement to check whether the coffee house has enough coffee. If the coffee house has over 10 bags, they have enough for the day. Otherwise, they do not.

Let’s write this into our program:

coffee_bags_as_int = int(coffee_bags)

if coffee_bags_as_int > 10:
	print("You have enough coffee bags.")
else:
	print("You do not have enough coffee bags.")

Let’s run our code and see what happens:

Enter how many coffee bags are left: 7.4
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 3, in <module>
	coffee_bags_as_int = int(coffee_bags)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '7.4'

When we try to write a decimal number into our program, an error is returned.

The Solution

This error is caused because we try to convert “7.4: to an integer. The value “7.4” is formatted as a string. Python cannot convert a floating-point number in a string to an integer.

To overcome this issue, we need to convert the value a user inserts to a floating point number. Then, we can convert it to an integer.

We can do this by using the float() and int() statements. The int() function returns an integer. The float() function returns a floating-point representation of a float.

coffee_bags_as_int = int(float(coffee_bags))

Our code first converts the value of “coffee_bags” to a float. Next, it converts that value to an integer. Let’s try to run our code again:

Enter how many coffee bags are left: 7.4
You do not have enough coffee bags.

Our code works successfully. Now that we have converted “coffee_bags” to a float, our program can convert the value a user inserts into an integer.

Conclusion

The Python ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10 error is raised when you try to convert a string value that is not formatted as an integer.

To solve this problem, you can use the float() method to convert a floating-point number in a string to an integer. Then, you can use int() to convert your number to an integer.

If this does not work, make sure that the value of a string does not contain any letters. Strings with letters cannot be converted to an integer unless those letters have a special meaning in Python.

Now you’re ready to solve this common Python error like an expert developer!